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Ramesh Swaminathan Jonathan M. Williams Michael D. Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1058-1066
Artificial surfaces are now an established alternative to grass (natural) surfaces in rugby union. Little is known, however, about their potential to reduce injury. This study characterises the spinal kinematics of rugby union hookers during scrummaging on third-generation synthetic (3G) and natural pitches. The spine was sectioned into five segments, with inertial sensors providing three-dimensional kinematic data sampled at 40 Hz/sensor. Twenty-two adult, male community club and university-level hookers were recruited. An equal number were analysed whilst scrummaging on natural or synthetic turf. Players scrummaging on synthetic turf demonstrated less angular velocity in the lower thoracic spine for right and left lateral bending and right rotation. The general reduction in the range of motion and velocities, extrapolated over a prolonged playing career, may mean that the synthetic turf could result in fewer degenerative injuries. It should be noted, however, that this conclusion considers only the scrummaging scenario. 相似文献
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本文所述的实验装置是专门为颈椎力学特性测试研制的,包括高精度的机械装夹机构和数据采集、处理和分析的微机控制台两部分。该实验装置安装在通用万能材料实验机工作台上可对人体颈椎等颈椎体进行力学特性测试,具有方便操作、测试精度高、费用低等特点,曾成功地测试了南通医学院提供的12具人体颈椎在不同工况下的力学特性,实验数据满足了用户的要求。该实验装置在生物力学特性测试领域具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
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Hannah E. Wyatt Marianne J. R. Gittoes Gareth Irwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):258-270
AbstractFemale gymnasts have been evidenced to experience sport-specific growth, of which broad shoulders and narrow hips are common characteristics. In addition to being a central component of handstand performance, postural control mechanisms, including whole-body and lumbo-pelvic stability, have been identified as risk factors for overuse spinal pathology. The study aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of musculoskeletal growth and postural control responses of female artistic gymnasts in order to extend longitudinal insights into overuse spinal pathology risk. Whole-body anthropometric measures were collected for 12 competitive female gymnasts (age at recruitment: nine to 15 years) at three time points across a 12 month period. Musculoskeletal growth was partially defined as the rate of bicristal-to-biacromial breadth ratio development, and informed shoulder- and pelvis-dominant growth sub-groups. Kinematic and kinetic indicators of postural control were determined for a total of 700 handstand trials. The shoulder-dominant (gymnastics-specific) growth group was found to have significantly greater biomechanical risk for general stability (p < 0.001) than the pelvis-dominant group. Significantly greater lumbo-pelvic risk was demonstrated for the pelvis-dominant group (p < 0.001). Extended idiosyncratic examination of proportional sport-specific growth measures alongside multi-faceted risk monitoring was advocated for the effective development of future overuse pathology prevention protocols. 相似文献
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There is a paucity of data describing the lofted instep kick and little information on the kinematic differences between male and female footballers. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the differences in motion patterns between the sexes. A four-camera motion analysis system videoed 13 amateur footballers (7 female and 6 male) attempting a standardised task that represented a lofted instep kick of approximately 35 m. Footballers performed 20 kicks, with the three trials categorised closest to the standardised distance retained for statistical analysis. Three-dimensional motion patterns for kicks of 35 m illustrated that female footballers produced greater fluctuation in movement patterns for pelvic, hip joint and thoracolumbar spine motion in the frontal plane; thorax and hip joint transverse rotation; and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion motion. Peak hip extension (P = 0.018), impact hip abduction (P = 0.032), impact ankle plantar flexion (P = 0.030) and resultant ball velocity (P = 0.004) differed significantly between sexes. Principle component analysis highlighted associations between kinematic variables related to ball velocity and sex including a reduced hip abduction and increased internal rotation approaching impact, and greater peak knee flexion, respectively. In summary, increased variation in direction of segment motion, increased backswing and formation of a tension arc by females compared to males, may be related to anthropometric, strength and muscle activation differences. Specifically, this exploratory study indicates future research would benefit from exploring trunk, pelvis and hip kinematics and kinetics, and whether training the trunk, pelvis and hip musculature assists female footballers. 相似文献
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目的：探讨肿瘤全椎体切除植骨椎弓根钉内固定手术配合体会。方法：加强术前访视、术中护理配合,积极采取针对性的护理措施,预防术中并发症的发生。结果手术配合默契,术后病情好转,出院3个月随访,患者功能恢复良好,未出现并发症和不良反应。结论：术前完善的准备、术中紧密的医护配合及术后并发症的观察是手术成功的重要保证。 相似文献
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不同负荷游泳训练对大鼠大脑大锥体细胞及小脑蒲肯野细胞树突棘影响的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对大鼠进行8周的循环流动水游泳训练建立大鼠一般负荷训练模型及过度负荷训练模型,利用高倍显微镜测量皮质躯体运动区Ⅴ层大锥体细胞及小脑皮质蒲肯野细胞的树突棘密度变化的情况,结果表明,训练组(一般负荷组与过度负荷组)树突棘密度都显著性高于对照组。说明长期的运动训练对大脑皮层形态结构可能产生良好的影响,提高大脑对信息的处理能力。 相似文献
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不同类型太极拳运动对人体脊柱的影响之探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过Qualisys红外光测量方法对吴式、杨式、陈式太极拳的演练过程进行拍摄分析,比较各种类型太极拳运动对脊柱的影响,对脊柱弯曲情况进行曲线拟和;并比较出不同类型太极拳运动头、膝、髋等部位的运动的特征. 相似文献