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1.
Phoebe Waring Gail Woodyatt 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2011,58(2):155-168
Substantial research has detailed the reading deficits experienced by children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although phonological awareness (PA) is vital in reading development, little is known about PA in the DMD population. This pilot study describes the PA abilities of a group of five young children with DMD, comparing the results with those of a group of children with spinal muscular atrophy and with those of a group of typically developing children. The Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness was used to assess the PA skills of the participants. Results indicated that the children with DMD performed significantly poorer than the typically developing group on tests of Syllable Segmentation, Rhyme Awareness, Alliteration Awareness and Phoneme Isolation and significantly poorer than the spinal muscular atrophy group on Rhyme Awareness. The findings of this pilot study indicate that children with DMD may have an increased risk of having PA difficulties, thus requiring early PA training. 相似文献
2.
摘要：以介绍第65届美国运动医学会（ACSM）年会暨第9届运动是良医世界科学大会和肌肉肥大与萎缩的基础科学世界大会的主要研究热点为目的。以“肌肉肥大与萎缩”的基础科学世界大会的主报告和专题报告为基本思路,并通过PubMed等数据库检索相关文献,对大会中肌肉肥大与萎缩的专题报告内容、相关主题的最新研究成果等方面进行探讨。目前,关于肌肉肥大与萎缩的研究热点主要集中在废用和疾病状态下的肌萎缩、调控肌肉肥大的外在变量及内在分子机制、肌卫星细胞在骨骼肌肥大与萎缩过程中的作用、营养补充促进肌肉肥大及改善肌萎缩等方面。这些研究成果为更深入地探究运动促进肌肉肥大和改善其萎缩提供新的思路,同时为我国体育科学、运动医学、肌肉生物科学及运动康复研究提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
3.
目的:通过测试萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训导致骨骼肌萎缩后肌细胞Caspase-3活性及其抗氧化能力的影响,研究扇贝肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠以15 m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30 min开始进行递增负荷运动,运动6 d/周,休息1 d/周,速度递增3 m/min/周,时间递增30 min/周,运动3周后即刻处死10只大鼠为基础对照组,其余大鼠随机分组为补充安慰剂阴性对照组、补充牛乳阳性对照组和补充扇贝肽实验组,30只大鼠左侧后肢实施石膏固定模拟停训模型,并进行扇贝肽补充实验。实验组和对照组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15%扇贝肽饮料2mL、等量的安慰剂和牛乳。结果:发现补充扇贝肽可显著减低停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞MDA含量增加,增加SOD活性,提高细胞内抗氧化能力,可显著抑制停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3的活性,从而抑制骨骼肌收缩蛋白和结构蛋白的降解,促进萎缩骨骼肌的恢复。 相似文献
4.
Yu-hua Liang Xiao-ling Chen Zhong-sheng Yu Chun-yue Chen Sheng Bi Lian-gen Mao Bo-lin Zhou Xian-ning Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(1):29-34
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar motor
neurons leading to progressive limb and trunk paralysis as well as muscular atrophy. Three types of SMA are recognized depending
on the age of onset, the maximum muscular activity achieved, and survivorship: SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The survival of motor
neuron (SMN) gene has been identified as an SMA determining gene, whereas the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene is considered to be a modifying factor of the severity of SMA. The main objective of this study was to analyze the
deletion of SMN1 and NAIP genes in southern Chinese children with SMA. Here, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) was performed to detect the deletion of both exon 7 and exon 8 of SMN1 and exon 5 of NAIP in 62 southern Chinese children with strongly suspected clinical symptoms of SMA. All the 32 SMA1 patients and 76% (13/17)
of SMA2 patients showed homozygous deletions for exon 7 and exon 8, and all the 13 SMA3 patients showed single deletion of
SMN1 exon 7 along with 24% (4/17) of SMA2 patients. Eleven out of 32 (34%) SMA1 patients showed NAIP deletion, and none of SMA2 and SMA3 patients was found to have NAIP deletion. The findings of homozygous deletions of exon 7 and/or exon 8 of SMN1 gene confirmed the diagnosis of SMA, and suggested that the deletion of SMN1 exon 7 is a major cause of SMA in southern Chinese children, and that the NAIP gene may be a modifying factor for disease severity of SMA1. The molecular diagnosis system based on PCR-RFLP analysis can
conveniently be applied in the clinical testing, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis
of SMA.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. J0710043), and the Natural Science Foundation of
Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C33049), China 相似文献
5.
唐建兵 《成都教育学院学报》2009,23(4):60-63
旅游本科教育萎缩现象是近年来旅游高等教育所面临的巨大挑战,一些高校的旅游院系面临着极大的生存压力,少数高校因此撤销了旅游管理院系或停办了旅游管理本科专业。旅游创意产业的发展对旅游高等教育提出了新的要求,也为旅游本科教育的发展提供了契机——培养旅游创意人才。 相似文献
6.
综述了有关运动与糖皮质激素的研究进展，１．运动与高原训练可引起血中糖皮质激素水平显著升高，并与运动强度有很大关系，而与运动总量和持续时间相关性较小；２．过量糖皮质激素可导致肌肉萎缩，对其发生的机制有新的认识，而运动能否有效预防和治疗该性质的肌肉萎缩，尚有争议；３．有关运动引起糖皮演激素分泌水平改变对机体免疫的影响及其机制。 相似文献
7.
郭振新 《广州体育学院学报》2013,33(3):87-93
目的通过组织学、免疫组化方法和Calpain活性的测试,观察扇贝寡肽对运动大鼠停训致肌萎缩后肌肉湿重、肌细胞形态、肌纤维直径、横截面积、Calpain活性、肌球蛋白表达以及肌细胞凋亡过程的影响,研究扇贝寡肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用.方法40只SD雄性大鼠以15m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30min,运动6d/week,休息1 d/week,其后以速度递增3m/min/week,运动时间递增30min/week,在为期3周的训练后即随机抽取10只大鼠为基础对照组(A,n=10),其余大鼠为B组用于制备骨骼肌萎缩模型,3周后随机分组为补充扇贝寡肽组(B1,n=10)、补充安慰剂组(B2,n=10)、补充牛乳组(B3,n=10).实验组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15％扇贝寡肽饮料2ml、B3组大鼠灌胃等量的牛乳,B2组大鼠灌胃等量的安慰剂.结果固定大鼠左侧后肢3周后可导致骨骼肌废用性萎缩,废用性肌萎缩的发生、发展与Calpain活性升高、水解骨骼肌收缩蛋白有关,而且,骨骼肌细胞凋亡增加在废用性肌萎缩的发生发展过程中产生重要作用.而补充扇贝寡肽可显著减低骨骼肌细胞凋亡指数,明显抑制骨骼肌Bax蛋白的表达、促进Bcl-2蛋白的表达,抑制Calpain活性,减少收缩蛋白的降解,维持肌球蛋白结构的完整,从而干预肌萎缩的进程. 相似文献
8.
随着科学技术的发展和时代的进步,运动生理学也日新月异,一些老的议题也有了新的阐释和理解。本文就运动生理学发展过程中出现的一些经典议题给予了新的理解和梳理:肌纤维类型能否改变、延迟性肌肉酸痛的原因辨析、运动员心脏的争议和发展、肌肉因子在运动与免疫中的作用、最大摄氧量的限制因素之争、无氧阈出现的真正原因、疲劳的中枢和外周机制、衰老与肌萎缩、运动是良医等。最后,对当前运动生理学的历史发展机遇进行了阐述,认为当前运动生理学的发展更应该注重实践性以及运动中的人。文章期望为未来运动生理学的发展和科学研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
9.
Yu-hua LIANG Xiao-ling CHEN Zhong-sheng YU Chun-yue CHEN Sheng BI Lian-gen MAO Bo-lin ZHOU Xian-ning ZHANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(1)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar motor neurons leading to progressive limb and trunk paralysis as well as muscular atrophy. Three types of SMA are rec-ognized depending on the age of onset, the maximum muscular activity achieved, and survivorship: SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene has been identified as an SMA determining gene, whereas the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene is considered to be a modifying factor of the severity of SMA. The main objective of this study was to analyze the deletion of SMN1 and NAIP genes in southern Chinese children with SMA. Here, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed to detect the deletion of both exon 7 and exon 8 of SMNI and exon 5 of NAIP in 62 southern Chinese children with strongly suspected clinical symptoms of SMA. All the 32 SMAI patients and 76% (13/17) of SMA2 patients showed homozygous deletions for exon 7 and exon 8, and all the 13 SMA3 patients showed single deletion of SMN1 exon 7 along with 24% (4/17) of SMA2 patients. Eleven out of 32 (34%) SMA1 patients showed NAIP deletion, and none of SMA2 and SMA3 patients was found to have NAIP deletion. The findings of homozygous deletions of exon 7 and/or exon 8 of SMN1 gene confirmed the diagnosis of SMA, and suggested that the deletion of SMN1 exon 7 is a major cause of SMA in southern Chinese children, and that the NA1P gene may be a modifying factor for disease severity of SMA 1. The molecular diagnosis system based on PCR-RFLP analysis can conveniently be applied in the clinical testing, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis of SMA. 相似文献
10.
目的研究振动训练延缓废用性肌肉萎缩(SMDA)进程的分子机制。方法 SD雄性大鼠32只,随机均分为4组:正常对照组(A)、模型对照组(B)、每日振动训练组(C)和隔日振动训练组(D)。RT-PCR测比目鱼肌中IGF-1及Akt-1 mRNA的表达;Western-blotting测Akt-1和磷酸化Akt(pAkt-Thr308)的蛋白含量。结果 (1)与A组相比,B组、C组及D组右肢比目鱼肌湿重、肌肉湿重/体质量均显著下降(P<0.05)。(2)与A组比较,B组比目鱼肌IGF-1 mRNA、Akt-1 mRNA的表达和Akt-1蛋白含量均有显著性下降(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组和D组比目鱼肌IGF-1 mRNA、Akt-1 mRNA的表达和Akt-1蛋白含量均有显著性升高(P<0.05)。(3)与A组比较,B组和C组的Akt-1磷酸化水平均有下降,D组大鼠萎缩肌肉内磷酸化蛋白的表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论振动训练可能通过IGF-1/PI3k/Akt1信号传导通路延缓SMDA,且不同间隔振动训练会对SMDA产生不同影响,其中每天振动训练干预的效果要优于隔天振动训练干预。 相似文献