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1.
INTRODUCTION Chromium is a commonly identified soils andgroundwater contaminant. Cr(VI) is toxic, carcino-genic, and has great subsurface mobility. In contrast,Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and immobile. Muchresearch focused on the remediation of Cr(VI) such asadsorption by zeolites (Bowman, 2003) or silicas(Hideaki et al., 2002), chemical reduction by ferrousiron (Buerge and Hug, 1999; Fendorf and Li, 1996) orzero-valent iron (Powell and Puls, 1997; Alowitz andScherer, 2002), b… 相似文献
2.
The effectiveness of vitamin C in treating Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water is being evaluated. Cr(Ⅵ) is an identified pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Vitamin C, an important biological reductant in humans and animals, can be used to transform Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). The removal efficiency was 89% when the mass concentration of vitamin C was 80 mg/L in 60 min, and nearly 100% Cr(Ⅵ) was removed when the mass concentration was 100 mg/L. Our data demonstrated that the removal efficiency was affected by vitamin C concentration, the reaction temperature and the dissolved oxygen concentration.The reaction mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) by vitamin C was presented. Our study opens the way to use vitamin C to remediate Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soils and groundwater. 相似文献
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The remediation of groundwater which contains chlorinated organic compounds （COCs） by nanoscale bimetallic catalysts has received increasing interest in recent years. This report presents the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol （2,4-DCP） by Pd-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid （HA） to investigate the feasibility of using Pd-Fe for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Pd-Fe nanoparticles. The rate constant k values of 2,4-DCP dechlorination were 0.017, 0.013, 0.009, 0.006 and 0.004 min^-1 for HA concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L, respectively. The relationship between HA dosage and k values can be described as a linear model. 相似文献
4.
To understand the feasibility of its application to the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, the dechlori-nation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid (HA) was investigated. We found that, as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used, the 2,4-DCP was first quickly reduced to o-chlorophenol (o-CP) andp-chlorophenol (p-CP), and then reduced to phenol as the final product. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, as the HA concentration increased, the removal rate decreased evidently. It also demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was reduced more easily to o-CP than to p-CP, and that the sequence of the tendency in dechlorination of intermediates was p-CP>o-CP. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that HA could act as an adsorbate to compete reactive sites on the surface of Ni/Fe nanoparticles to decrease the dechlorination rate. Also we con-cluded that the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP over Ni/Fe nanoparticles progressed through catalytic reductive dechlorination. 相似文献
5.
To understand the feasibility of its application to the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol （2,4-DCP） by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid （HA） was investigated. We found that, as high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used, the 2,4-DCP was first quickly reduced to o-chlorophenol （o-CP） andp-chlorophenol （p-CP）, and then reduced to phenol as the final product. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, as the HA concentration increased, the removal rate decreased evidently. It also demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was reduced more easily to o-CP than to p-CP, and that the sequence of the tendency in dechlorination of intermediates was p-CP〉o-CP. Transmission electron microscope （TEM） showed that HA could act as an adsorbate to compete reactive sites on the surface of Ni/Fe nanoparticles to decrease the dechlorination rate. Also we concluded that the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP over Ni/Fe nanoparticles progressed through catalytic reductive dechlorination. 相似文献
6.
Cr(VI) and phenol are toxic contaminants that need to be treated, and different methods have been researched to simultaneously remove these two contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, Cr(VI) was used as a novel Fenton-like catalyst in phenol degradation by H2O2. In the pH range of 3.0‒11.0, the degradation efficiency of phenol decreased with elevated pH. At pH = 3.0, 100 mg/L phenol was effectively degraded by 2 mmol/L Cr(VI) and 20 mmol/L H2O2. At pH = 7.0 and the same conditions as those of pH = 3.0, 79% of 100 mg/L phenol was removed within 6 h, which was an improvement in pH limitation compared with the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction. Quenching experiments indicated that ·OH generated from the catalysis of H2O2 by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI) was the primary oxidant that degraded phenol. When pyrophosphate was added in the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system, complexes with the Cr(V) intermediate rapidly formed and inhibited H2O2 decomposition, implying that the decomposition of H2O2 to ·OH was catalyzed by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI). The presence of anions such as chloride and sulfate had insignificant effect on the degradation of phenol. TOC and UV analyses suggest that phenol could not be completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, and the intermediates identified by high performance liquid chromatography further indicates that maleic acid and benzoquinone were intermediates which may be further degraded into short chain acids, primarily maleic, formic, acetic, and oxalic acids, and eventually into CO2 and H2O. Considering that more than 50% Cr(VI) can also be removed during this process, the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system is more appropriate for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol contaminants from industrial wastewater.
相似文献7.
张志刚 《福建工程学院学报》2014,(6):557-561
采用柚子皮制备生物吸附剂用于去除水中的Cr(VI),考察了p H值、柚子皮投加量、柚子皮粒径、溶液离子强度、反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液中Cr(VI)离子初始浓度15mg/L、p H 1.5、反应温度25℃、柚子皮投加量1.0g/100 m L、吸附时间7 h时,Cr(VI)离子去除率可达90%以上。柚子皮对Cr(VI)离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附等温线线性相关性均较显著,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。柚子皮对水中Cr(VI)离子吸附性能较好,且运行成本低,可推广应用于水中重金属离子的治理。 相似文献
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研究电化学方法制备高铁酸钾,通过单因素实验确定最佳工艺条件为:电解液KOH浓度16 mol/L,电解时间为6 h,反应温度为65 ℃,阳极表观电流密度为50 A/m2,制得高铁酸钾的浓度可达5.72 mmol/L。对高铁酸钾强化电动修复技术去除土壤中的苯酚进行初探,结果表明该技术可以大幅度提高苯酚污染的修复效能,在反应120 h后,苯酚的去除率可达到90%以上,而且产生的Fe(OH)3固体无毒无害,不会对环境造成二次污染。 相似文献
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11.
对乙酰基偶氮羧光度法测定痕量铬的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了对乙酰基偶氮羧与Cr_2O_7~(2-)的褪色反应,建立了一种新的测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的光度方法,发现其在高氯酸介质中具有高灵敏的褪色反应,摩尔吸光系数达到3.0×10~6 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)Cr(Ⅵ),量在0～50μg范围内符合比耳定律. 相似文献
12.
INTRODUCTION Nitrate contamination in groundwater and sur-face water has become an increasingly serious envi-ronmental problem. Anthropogenic sources such asnitrogen fertilizers, animal wastes, and septic systemsaccount for most nitrate contamination of ground-water. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic. However,it can be microbially reduced to nitrite, which posesseveral health threats to humans including methemo-glo-binemia, liver damage and cancers. Nitrate out-flow onto shallow cont… 相似文献
13.
高硫煤矸石中的FeS2在水中氧化分解为Fe2+,能将废水中的Cr6+还原为Cr3+,高硫煤矸石中的C对Cr6+具有较好的吸附、还原作用,从而表现出对含铬(Ⅵ)废水具有较好的净化作用。在处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水过程中,废水的pH值、反应时间、高硫煤矸石粒度、加入量对Cr6+的去除率影响较大。高硫煤矸石对含铬(Ⅵ)废水的吸附行为符合Langmui等温方程,在3 50℃～4 00℃高温处理后对Cr6+的去除效果明显提高,且反应速度加快。 相似文献
14.
Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric analysis was conducted to simulate variations in soil dry density, temperature, pH and standing time. The results show that the method used in this paper is simple and effective. The diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) in Dalian red clay varies from 1.50×10-7 cm2/s to 2.08×10-7 cm2/s. After 1 000 d diffusion, the concentration of the source solution drops down to 1.27 mg/L from 62.5 mg/L, and the diffusion distance is only 3.5 cm. Under the assumption that diffusion coefficient is constant, the diffusion effect becomes more obvious with lower density, lower temperature, higher pH value, and much more time. 相似文献
15.
1 Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｑｕｅｏｕｓｅｆｆｌｕｅｎｔｓｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍｉｎｉｎｇａｎｄｏｔｈ ｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｓｕｃｈａｓｌｅａｄ ,ｃａｄ ｍｉｕｍａｎｄｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍｉｎｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄａｎｄ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｆｏｒｍｓ[1] .Ｔｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｕｎｔｒｅａｔｅｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｅｆｆｌｕｅｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｅａｑｕｅｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ[2 ] .Ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏ… 相似文献
16.
In this paper,environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is applied to characterizing the mineral and element distribution of chromite ore processing residue (COPR).The test results show that Cr-bearing brownmillerite occurs in the rim of COPR particle,while hydroandradite with Cr(Ⅵ) in its structure presents inside the COPR particle.Periclase and calcite occur in the interstitial area.Element analyses show that Ca,Fe and Al are distributed throughout the COPR particle,and Mg exists mostly in the interstitial area or on the particle surface.A lower content of Cr is evenly distributed in the COPR particle,while slightly higher concentration of Cr occurs inside the particle.It is suggested that it will take a relatively longer time for Cr to migrate out of COPR,especially for hexavalent chromium,so the leaching time and the particle size may be two important factors to affect the release of Cr(Ⅵ). 相似文献
17.
采用离子色谱电导检测法测定皮革制品中Cr（Ⅳ）,选用Metrohm86I型离子色谱仪,Metrosep A Supp5—150型阴离子分析柱,12．8mmol／LNa2C03＋4．0mmol／LNaHC03淋洗液．在10～100μg／L范围内,Cr（Ⅳ）的浓度与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,线性方程为C×100—2893．72×A＋200．136,相关系数为0．9990,最低检测浓度为4μg／L,低、中、高三个浓度的精密度分别为1．60％、1．05％、0．65％,样品加标回收率分别为91．5％、93．6％和92．3％,本方法可用于皮革中Cr（Ⅵ）的测定． 相似文献
18.
Removal of chromium (VI) dissolved in water by intermittent foam separation was implemented with cetyl trimethy-ammonium bromide
as surfactant. The influence of various factors on removal efficiency was systematically studied. The removal efficiency has
a maximum value near pH 4.0; thus, most experiments were carried out at pH 4.0. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to
confirm the optimal operating parameters. The orthogonal experimental results show that when the liquid feed concentration
is 10 mg/L, the pH value of feed solution is 4.00, air flow rates 0.9 L/min, surfactant dosage is 300 mg/L, the maximum removal
efficiency of chromium (VI) reaches 97.80%, and condense multiple reaches 1 711. The kinetic test indicates that the foam
separation of chromium is a first-order process. The equivalent rate constant calculated from the slope is 0.406 4, and the
equivalent rate equation is obtained. 相似文献
19.
聚硅酸硫酸铁絮凝剂的研制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用硫铁矿渣和硫酸铝渣制备了聚硅酸硫酸铁．研究了影响硅酸聚合的条件和nFe／nSi对聚硅酸硫酸铁稳定性的影响．用研制的聚硅酸硫酸铁絮凝剂处理模拟浊水，当nFe／nSi比为0．5时絮凝效果为最佳，用量达0.5ml／L后除浊率便可达90％以上；用nFe／nSi比为1．5的聚硅酸硫酸铁处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液，CODCr的去除率达60％．聚硅酸硫酸铁的特点是形成矾花的速度快，矾花实，沉降迅速． 相似文献
20.
利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、零价铁(ZVI)和SRB+ZVI三个不同的反应体系设计血清瓶序批式实验和连续流动柱式反应器实验对模拟地浸采铀废水进行处理.在此基础上探讨ZVI对于硫酸盐生物还原法处理废水的强化作用.厌氧序批式实验结果表明,SRB和ZVI对铀的固定具有明显的协同增强作用,当反应时间t=2、4h时,SRB+ZVI联合体系的铀去除效率比两对照组之和仍分别高出29.9%和13.4%.柱式反应器实验结果显示,SRB+ZVI复合反应器比未充填铁粉的单一SRB生物反应器在碱化废水pH值、提高脱硫效率和固定铀的能力方面效果更佳. 相似文献