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1.
在考虑政府补贴的情况下,基于Stackelberg博弈理论和Nash均衡理论,构建包含政府、企业、研发机构在内的四种博弈模型,对不同模型下的价格、产品创新度和利润情况进行比较分析。研究发现,企业主导市场的情况下,产品销售价格、创新度和利润都不占优势,创新效率最低;政府主导模型中非均等化补贴可以使价格、产品创新度和利润等指标均达到最优化。 相似文献
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产业关键共性技术对我国优化新常态产业体系,促进产业转型以及加强自生能力都起到至关重要的战略作用.为弥补在探究创新产业关键共性技术上主体分散单一且契合度不高等学术方面的不足,创新性地将Nash博弈理论与Elinor Ostrom的IAD延伸决策模型相结合,在建立产业关键共性技术创新决策模型的基础上,以官产学研为主体提出假设,并运用二元Logistic回归模型进行数据分析.实证结果显示:官产学研中任何主体进行产业关键共性技术创新的行动决策与企业的最终计划显著相关;产业集群与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术的意愿之间呈负相关;企业技术R&D感知程度和其是否创新产业关键共性技术创新的决策呈正相关;企业的财力、物力和人力状况及对最终结果的预测度与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术具有显著影响. 相似文献
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《科技管理研究》2016,(23)
产业关键共性技术对我国优化新常态产业体系,促进产业转型以及加强自生能力都起到至关重要的战略作用。为弥补在探究创新产业关键共性技术上主体分散单一且契合度不高等学术方面的不足,创新性地将Nash博弈理论与Elinor Ostrom的IAD延伸决策模型相结合,在建立产业关键共性技术创新决策模型的基础上,以官产学研为主体提出假设,并运用二元Logistic回归模型进行数据分析。实证结果显示:官产学研中任何主体进行产业关键共性技术创新的行动决策与企业的最终计划显著相关;产业集群与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术的意愿之间呈负相关;企业技术RD感知程度和其是否创新产业关键共性技术创新的决策呈正相关;企业的财力、物力和人力状况及对最终结果的预测度与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术具有显著影响。 相似文献
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产业共性技术创新事关我国前沿产业的发展和国家经济核心竞争力。针对产业共性技术创新具有成本高、风险高、环境正外部性等基本特征,核心企业和中小企业的有限理性及其在资源禀赋方面存在的异质性,使得双方在创新合作过程中均存在博弈行为。本研究引入政府补贴、资源拥有量、碳价和资源交互系数等关键参数,构建了企业资源禀赋异质下的产业共性技术政产学研协同创新演化博弈模型,并采用演化相位图和数值模拟方法分析了各参数对于企业策略选择的影响,得到了产业共性技术协同创新演化博弈系统的演化特征及变化规律,提出了促进资源禀赋异质企业协同创新的建议与对策。 相似文献
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针对多阶段多方参与的复杂产品关键共性技术研发,引入技术弹性和扩散度,构建讨价还价动态博弈模型并进行帕累托改进,得到最优利益分配系数、研发主体最优努力水平和政府最优补贴等。研究结果表明,共性技术弹性越大,共性技术研发主体分配的利益越多;最优研发努力水平随技术弹性和扩散度的增大而增加;技术弹性较小时,应选择企业合作模式;技术弹性较大时,政府参与的企业合作模式更优。 相似文献
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高技术船舶产业共性技术的协同创新发展是克服各种研发失灵问题的关键所在，也是国家实现海洋强国目标的基石和重要支柱。鉴于此，从技术链视角引入技术弹性、扩散度和成功率等参数，概括出政府主导、市场主导和政府-市场结合3种情形，建立高技术船舶产业共性技术研发的Stackelberg主从博弈模型，并对不同模式下的投入程度和最佳收益进行求解。结果表明：市场主导模式下船舶研究院、船企的投入水平和效益远不及政府主导、政府-市场结合模式，不应该采纳；当某项产业共性技术弹性低、横向和纵向扩散难度大、船舶研究院获益少时，运用政府主导模式更加合理，反之则选择政府-市场结合模式。最后，从政府清晰定位角色、产业共性技术分类等方面提出管理对策，为高技术船舶产业的进步提供指导。 相似文献
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基于演化博弈分析模型,探讨产业共性技术开发过程中各类主体面临市场失灵时的行为选择,分析影响产业共性技术开发行为的因素,提出政府在产业共性技术开发"市场失灵"的不同程度下应该适当地干预产业共性技术开发。政府通过构建产业共性技术的评价体系,根据产业共性技术"外部性程度"分别采取基金资助,设立非政府的专门组织如国家研究所(院)和促进合作研究所,搭建克服"组织失灵"的企业与高校合作平台等方式,借以促进我国产业共性技术的发展。 相似文献
10.
建立新一代人工智能关键共性技术体系是"十四五"时期我国解决人工智能原创性理论基础薄弱、重大产品和系统缺失等问题的重要抓手.首先从人工智能关键共性技术内涵、特征和要素属性视角出发归纳八大人工智能关键共性技术,对科技部公布的15家国家级新一代人工智能开放创新平台企业的技术布局进行对比;其次借助生态学理论、系统科学理论与技术创新理论厘清系统要素,构建包含生命子系统和环境子系统的人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统框架,运用系统耗散理论、熵值变化系数和适用分析等方法诠释我国人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统的自组织演化机制.研究发现,我国人工智能关键共性技术具备正外部性、技术创新可循环、开放需求高、技术转化附加值高、多学科多产业交叉融合的特征,不同企业涉猎的技术范畴不同、技术创新模式也存在差异,现阶段已形成主要包括企业、政府、高校、科研机构4类创新主体的创新生态系统,通过数据、人才、资金、知识流动等引起系统熵值变化并不断突破临界值向更高级系统演化,但仍存在创新主体丰富度较低、互动方式多样性差等问题.最后,从创新主体丰富度、系统治理、系统开放性、动态能力等维度出发,提出我国人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统发展建议. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献