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垄断的下游企业可与两个研发单位中的一个组成三种组织形式:相互独立、战略联盟和一体化.在研发竞赛中,相关研发单位与下游企业间的不同组织形式会影响另一研发单位的上游市场进入决策及投资决策.在相互独立和战略联盟两种组织形式下,研发单位都进入上游市场进而下游企业有着双重研发外包渠道.然而,战略联盟恒占优于相互独立.在战略联盟与一体化的比较中,尽管一体化可享有灵活性收益,但另一研发单位不进入上游市场进而下游企业的研发外包渠道被削减;而在战略联盟的组织形式下,下游企业虽不能享有灵活性收益,但能拥有多重研发外包渠道.其结果是,如果新产品市场规模的不确定性较大(小),那么一体化将(被)占优于战略联盟. 相似文献
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本文在Feenstra和Hanson（1996年）、Ahn等（2008年）估算外包比率的方法基础上,运用国际投入产出表,测算了1990年-2008年间中国主要制造业承接美国和日本外包比率水平。数据显示,我国制造业承接美国增幅较大,而承接日本较平缓。之后基于贸易理论,从对象国、类别不同层次实证分析了中国承接美国、日本制造业产业外包的主要影响因子。结果显示：①劳动力投入变量显著负向影响承接不同国家、不同工序类型的外包比率;②单位资本的丰裕程度（资源禀赋）显著正向影响我国承接美国、日本外包的水平,尤其对承接美国的加工品、日本的零配件正向影响明显,但对美国和日本向中国转移资本品业务影响不显著;③企业规模负向影响承接日本的制造外包,并负向影响承接日本加工品和资本品等中间环节业务,但对承接零配件外包业务的影响不显著;企业规模对承接美国的制造外包及不同工序的外包影响不显著;④劳动力生产率对承接不同国家、工序的外包影响不一。 相似文献
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Yong Jin Kim Jong Man Lee Chulmo Koo Kichan Nam 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
Recent studies on IT outsourcing have examined the effect of contract specification and relationship strength on IT outsourcing performance in a separate manner. Previous studies, however, ignored the importance of the governance effectiveness that bonds contractual control and relationship strength together to deliver expected outcomes in IT outsourcing exchange. In this paper, we propose a model of IT outsourcing management where governance effectiveness mediates the effect of both contractual control and relationship strength on IT outsourcing performance. We collected data from 143 client companies of IT outsourcing and analyzed it using the PLS method. Our findings show that both contract specification and relationship strength significantly influence governance effectiveness, although contract specification carries the more effect on governance effectiveness than relationship strength does. The governance effectiveness in turn mediates the effect of contract specification and relationship strength on three sub-dimensions of outsourcing performance: cost efficiency, performance improvement, and overall satisfaction. The results and implications are further discussed. 相似文献
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Cloud computing is an IT service paradigm that can, if used meaningfully, enhance traditional health IT approaches and offer major benefits to the healthcare industry. However, its adoption by healthcare organizations has been accompanied by diverse challenges that could impede its meaningful use. Decisions about its adoption should be made after serious consideration of relevant industry-specific factors. Whereas the literature has focused on cloud computing adoption in general, the industrial specificities that influence the decision to adopt cloud computing in the healthcare context have yet to be systematically addressed. We reviewed empirical studies on both information systems and medical informatics to investigate the determinant factors of the cloud computing adoption decision in healthcare organizations and the industrial specificities of those factors. Based on the results of our review, we proposed a conceptual framework of cloud computing adoption studies in healthcare and made seven recommendations for related future research. Our research contributes to the theory by providing a comprehensive list of industry-specific factors that influence cloud computing adoption decisions in healthcare and explains their specificities for the healthcare industry. For practitioners, the identified factors serve as a checklist that informs healthcare organizations’ decision making regarding cloud computing adoption. 相似文献
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Knowledge transfer processes in IT outsourcing relationships and their impact on shared knowledge and outsourcing performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
What is the impact of specific knowledge-transfer processes on the level of shared knowledge and, in turn, on outsourcing performance in outsourcing relationships? Drawing on a series of case studies covering IT providers and banks, we investigate several applied knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit or tacit knowledge between outsourcing banks and their providers. We examine the differential influence of various types of knowledge transfer on shared knowledge between the parties and on the resulting outsourcing performance. Results depict the differential impact of various knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit, or tacit knowledge, respectively, on the development of shared knowledge. Interestingly, the combination of both knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit knowledge and those dedicated to the transfer of tacit knowledge proves to be most effective. Furthermore the results indicate that high levels of shared knowledge positively influence outsourcing performance. In addition to previous literature, we found transfer processes for explicit knowledge in an outsourcing context to consist of two dimensions: The content dimension, primarily focused on in literature, and the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes which are rarely addressed in outsourcing literature. The content dimension embraces mechanisms such as trainings, SLAs and standards that define how content has to be interpreted, whereas the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes of explicit knowledge defines explicit, documented interaction structures between parties. 相似文献
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This paper addresses the question of how firms accomplish the strategic task of adapting their entire set of IORs (interorganizational relationships) to changing environmental conditions. To study this, we move beyond the focus on collaboration with individual partners (the dyadic perspective) that has been the dominant emphasis in the literature until now. Instead, we view the firms’ portfolios through the lens of the different modes of IOR engaged in (licensing agreements, non-equity alliances, venture capital investments, minority investments, joint ventures, and mergers & and acquisitions). We study the role of environmental change within the high-tech setting of the bio-pharmaceutical industry and distinguish between industry technological change and firm-specific technological change. In doing so, we rely on prospect theory to theorize how firms’ perceptions of environmental change in terms of a looming loss or a potential gain affect their risk-bearing, how this leads them to adjust their IOR portfolio diversity, and how these adjustments get implemented at the mode level. Whereas most of our hypotheses were confirmed by the study, a key unexpected finding was that firms respond to both types of technological change through stronger forms of adaptation than theoretically anticipated. Firms adapt to industry technological change through an increase in the diversity of their portfolio of IORs and by churning it up, which leads to a loosening of control at the individual mode level but greater adaptivity at the portfolio level. When facing firm-specific change instead, they adapt by reducing portfolio diversity, while cutting back on collaboration across five out of the six modes. Our findings both contribute to the literature on organizational adaptation, interfirm collaboration, and IOR portfolios and provide a greater behavioral understanding of network change. 相似文献
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IT外包组织间关系维度探析及其有效性测度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前IT外包组织间关系维度结构分析及有效性测度研究的不足,通过对国内外相关文献的梳理,将IT外包组织间关系维度划分为关系范式维度、结构过程维度以及知识管理维度,并开发和设计了测量量表,以来自241家IT外包企业的数据为研究样本,对其进行探索性因子分析和验证性因素分析。研究结果表明,IT外包组织间关系维度结构模型具有较好的建构效度,丰富和完善了组织间关系的理论体系,为IT外包接包企业实践提供一定的科学指导。 相似文献
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Modularity and innovation in knowledge-intensive business services: IT outsourcing in Germany and the UK 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Drawing on an empirical study of IT outsourcing in the UK and Germany, this paper explores the lessons for modularity that can be drawn from the outsourcing of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Because of the inseparability of information and production technologies, IT outsourcing is frequently accompanied by wider transformations in clients’ production technologies. This results in the need for knowledge and organisational coordination in the form of the transfer of staff from the client and the retained IT organisation. Modularity is often presented as a design strategy that stimulates innovation. Our research findings challenge the generalisability of this claim when examining KIBS outsourcing. We show that intangibility of services exacerbates the conflicts between clients and suppliers, which may present obstacles to innovation. 相似文献
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从IT外包的知识转移过程入手,把IT外包中知识转移分为发送、获取、交流、积累和反馈5个阶段,并对每个阶段进行特征描述,构建了符合IT外包知识转移过程模型,即SOEAF模型。在此基础上分析知识转移风险识别的特点,利用问卷调查的数据对IT外包知识转移风险因素进行识别,得出知识共享与反馈、学习能力、技术创新评价体系、协作和信任程度、知识转移的激励机制等5个因素是IT外包知识转移的主要风险因素,最后对知识转移风险因素进行分析。 相似文献
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IT外包是一个知识密集的过程,知识转移是影响外包绩效的关键。本文基于IT外包接包方视角,构建了以关系质量中的三个维度:信任、满意和承诺以及知识缄默性为影响因素,以接包方的知识接受意愿和吸收能力为中介变量的概念模型,研究这些因素对IT外包知识转移的交互影响。基于结构方程模型对收集来自规模较大的IT外包公司的217份有效调查问卷进行实证检验。研究发现在关系质量对IT外包知识转移的作用过程中,接包方的知识接受意愿和吸收能力起到显著的中介作用。信任、满意和承诺对接包方的知识接受意愿具有显著正向影响,信任和满意对接包方的知识吸收能力具有显著正向影响。知识缄默性对IT外包知识转移具有负向影响,关系质量中的信任和满意维度对知识缄默性与知识转移之间的路径关系具有显著调节作用。 相似文献
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This paper analyses how the existence of competitive technology markets affects firms’ technology sourcing decisions, and their propensity to enter into new product markets. While the division of innovative labour has received increasing attention within the economic literature, this paper focuses on its managerial implications. By means of a specialised database, we assess how patterns of technology trade influence firms’ technology and diversification strategies in the chemical industry. We find that, the larger the market for technology, the stronger the advantages to substitute internal R&D with outsourcing, and to increase the degree of product diversification. 相似文献
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服务外包是21世纪的全球战略性产业,是现代服务业的重要组成部分和先导产业。发展服务外包产业,对于广州市加快产业结构调整,转变经济发展方式,构建以服务业为主导的现代产业体系,促进大学生就业,推动绿色低碳发展,建设面向世界、服务全国的国际大都市意义重大。运用波特钻石模型,从服务外包的资源要素、市场要素、服务外包相关产业和支持产业、服务外包企业以及政府等方面来分析广州服务外包产业,明晰其发展要素,探析广州服务外包产业的发展路径。 相似文献
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服务商主导的IT外包风险规避 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文比较了 4种可能的委托方 -服务商战略关系 ,指出服务商主导是一种可行的战略安排 ,在此种情况下服务商可以而且需要主导外包风险的规避。通过研究各种风险与外包的关键因素之间的联系 ,给出了服务商主导的IT外包风险规避策略 相似文献
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知识转移、知识共享和文化相似度的关系——关于IT外包项目的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于IT服务外包背景下知识共享、知识转移、信任等理论,分析了IT服务外包项目中发包方向接包方的知识转移、接包方对发包方的知识共享、接包方感受到的发包方对接包方的信任、接包方与发包方之间的文化相似度等因素间的相互关系,以及对外包绩效的影响;提出了一些假设,建立了理论模型;设计了调查问卷,对北京中关村软件园、西安软件园、上海浦东软件园的20家从事IT外包业务的企业中参与IT服务外包项目的391名员工进行问卷调查;并运用统计分析软件AMOS17.0建立结构方程模型,对收集的293份问卷进行数据分析,根据实证分析结果提出了实践建议。 相似文献
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从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全球软件企业的发展模式主要有三种：美国模式、印度模式和日本模式。全球软件外包市场规模已达到1000亿美元，发包市场主要集中在北美、西欧和日本，接包市场主要是印度和爱尔兰。中国软件企业发展软件外包。需要注意国内国际市场并重，深化对日软件外包，借鉴印度模式拓展欧戋市场，重视CMM等业务流程管理，以文化为先导，加强教育培训和通过创新提升软件外包价值链。 相似文献
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以IT组织结构、IT能力等相关研究为理论基础,选择两家企业作为实地研究对象,通过访谈、资料收集等方式对它们的IS外包及IT组织变革过程进行了案例研究。结果表明,IS外包推动下的IT组织变革可以有效地促进业务与IT的融合,获取IT竞争优势。 相似文献