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1.
技术机会识别对于研发组织的创新管理具有重要意义,本文以人工智能领域2013—2015年的专利数据为例,提出了一种识别领域内技术机会的新方法。借鉴RFM(recency,frequency,monetary)模型的思路,使用K均值聚类法基于平均出现时间长度、出现频率和组合能力三个指标对知识元素进行聚类,进而发现了能够反映领域内技术发展方向的四个趋势性知识元素。使用随机行动者导向模型对知识网络的演化进行分析,在此基础上提出了发现知识元素的新技术机会的公式,并使用该公式识别出了趋势性知识元素潜在的技术机会。本研究利用人工智能领域2016—2018年的专利数据验证了所提出的方法的有效性,应用3D打印领域2014—2018年的专利数据验证了所提方法的稳健性。 相似文献
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Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed. 相似文献
3.
The issues of collaboration between the CIS member states in the field of the interstate scientific and technical information exchange are explored. Various formats of cooperation, including interstate cooperation programs, provision of information and legal support, and the implementation of joint R&D projects are explored. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to develop an electronic analytical system, a model applied to monitor and control the processes related to the design and implementation of joint scientific and technological projects by the CIS member states. The structured analytical data collected through the monitoring of joint coordinated requests for proposals (RFPs) and scientific and technological projects will support the adaptation of the CIS Economic Council, the CIS Executive Committee, and national authorities to the modern context based on the coordination of the respective scientific and technological policies in the framework of national state programs. Further improvement and greater effectiveness of the CIS collaboration is a priority for the Russian chairmanship of the CIS in 2017. 相似文献
4.
《Government Information Quarterly》1998,15(2):157-172
Federally-funded research and development (R&D) represents a significant annual investment (approximately $79 billion in fiscal year 1996) on the part of U.S. taxpayers. Based on the results of a 10-year study of knowledge diffusion in the U.S. aerospace industry, the authors take the position that U.S. competitiveness will be enhanced if knowledge management strategies, employed within a capability-enhancing U.S. technology policy framework, are applied to diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. In making their case, the authors stress the importance of knowledge as the source of competitive advantage in today's global economy. Next, they offer a practice-based definition of knowledge management and discuss three current approaches to knowledge management implementation—mechanistic, “the learning organization,” and systemic. The authors then examine three weaknesses in existing U.S. public policy and policy implementation—the dominance of knowledge creation, the need for diffusion-oriented technology policy, and the prevalence of a dissemination model—that affect diffusion of the results of federally-funded R&D. To address these shortcomings, they propose the development of a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. The article closes with a discussion of some issues and challenges associated with implementing a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101435
How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions. 相似文献
6.
在简述知识产权管理软件研发背景及其社会价值的基础上，重点分析了国内外现有知识产权管理软件的开发状况，并举例介绍了几个国外应用比较广泛的知识产权管理软件，同时还对知识产权管理软件今后的发展方向进行一定程度的描述与预测。 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2005,22(3):411-422
This paper makes a case for the practicality of Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory. [Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press; Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press] By using Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory, the paper explores the innovation process from the development stage towards the diffusion stage (the stage of commercialization) of the two major research funding organizations in Thailand: the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF). Theoretical and empirical analysis are attempted, focusing on the relation between the management of research and development (R&D) projects and the level of innovation diffusion. The empirical results can help R&D managers manage the projects to contribute to technological development in industry. 相似文献
9.
随着大数据的迅速发展,知识网络在不同语言、不同领域和不同模态等情境下呈现高度多样性和复杂性,如何对齐与整合多源情境下的异构知识网络,成为研究者所面临的严峻挑战。本文在知识网络深度表示学习的基础上,提出一种由知识网络构建、跨语言网络表示学习和统计机器学习三个模块构成的知识网络对齐(knowledge network alignment,KNA)模型。为验证模型的有效性,在中英文双语知识网络数据集上开展实证研究,借助于网络表示学习算法将异构知识网络表征到同一空间,利用已知的对齐链接来训练统计机器学习模型,并通过模型来预测未知的节点对齐链接。KNA模型在跨语言共词网络对齐任务中取得Precision@1值为0.7731,高于基线方法 (0.6806),验证了KNA模型在跨语言知识网络对齐上的有效性。研究结果对于改进知识网络的节点对齐效果,促进多源情境下的异构知识网络融合具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
This paper identifies individuals’ accumulated history with Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a replacement for the contested and outdated term ‘digital divide.’ We propose that an individual’s ability to benefit from their technological history consists of four factors: awareness, knowledge, access, and technological capacity of the user’s social collective. Together, these factors make up the individual’s level or amount of Technological Capital. The development of this construct was based on empirical research conducted in Soweto, South Africa, and through an analysis of the literature on assessing individuals’ accumulated histories. The concept of technological capital has the potential for application in fields in which ICTs are used for communication, capacity building, and identifying barriers to adoption of new technologies. The use of the concept may have implications for policy decisions, resource allocation, and future research into differences among individuals’ and communities’ ability to benefit from the introduction of new technologies. 相似文献
11.
Various studies have been devoted to the evaluation of the research and development (R&D) performances of universities and research institutes. However, existing studies tend to focus on static systems, that is, systems with no intertemporal effect. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to assess relative R&D efficiency of institutes from a dynamic perspective. The unified two-stage model proposed by Kao (2017) made a contribution to combining division efficiencies in the multiplier form with frontier projections in the envelopment form in a unified framework. We develop his model in a dynamic framework into which the effects of carry-over activities are embedded across the period. If the dynamic effects in the efficiency measures are not considered, the results will be biased. This is one of the few studies to examine dynamic effects within the framework of the R&D process. Our analysis is based on samples of 17 research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the period of 2012–2015. When compared with the proposed data envelope analysis (DEA) model, results show that the static DEA model may underestimate the R&D efficiency scores. The institutes experienced significant improvements in system efficiency, mainly due to the improvements in transfer efficiency. However, there is still much room for improvement in transferring scientific and technological (S&T) achievements. We also find that the resource scale played an important role in influencing basic research. Finally, the projections of inefficient institutes indicate that most institutes had insufficient carry-over inputs (newly approved projects and management cost) based on the average four-year values, and existing slack resources for managers to improve the future performance. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):111-122
The increasing costs of research and the decreasing lifetime of products and processes make the decisions on allocation of R&D funds strategically important. Therefore, ability to predict research trends is crucial in minimizing risks of R&D expenditure planning. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for efficient prediction of research trends in a chosen branch of science. The approach is based on population dynamics with Burgers’ type global interaction and selective neighborhood. The model is estimated based on a training set. Then, an out-of-sample forecast is performed. The research trends of filtration and rectification processes were analyzed in this paper. The simulation results show that the model is able to predict the trends with a considerable accuracy and should, therefore, be tested on a wider range of research fields. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(2):431-447
A great deal of work has been done to understand how science contributes to technological innovation and medicine. This is no surprise given the amount of money invested annually in R&D. However, what is not well known is that US science (R&D) investment is only one-sixth that of the annual revenue received by non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the US. The large majority of NPO revenues are devoted to the remaining landscape of altruistic causes – those not relying as heavily on scientific inquiry. Given this broader context, one might reasonably expect the non-profit world to have been as well characterized as that of scientific research. The unfortunate truth is that no map of altruistic missions and causes exists; the landscape of altruistic activity is virtually unknown. In this paper, we present the first maps of altruistic mission space. These maps were created using the text from websites of 125,000 non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the US. The maps consist of 357 topics covering areas such as religion, education, sports, culture, human services, public policy and medical care. The role of science in this altruistic landscape is examined. Possible applications are discussed. 相似文献
14.
何涌 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2011,(4):12-14
企业R&D 不仅是企业产品生命周期的一个阶段,而且贯穿整个产品生命周期,而R&D 资金合理配置是研发
这一资本密集型活动取得成果的根本保证。文章研究了企业R&D 资金配置在产品生命周期的时序分布模式,揭示基于产
品生命周期的R&D 资金配置规律,为企业增强R&D 资金管理能力,提高技术创新能力提供依据。 相似文献
15.
This study analyzes the Triple Helix (TH) structure of an online national food cluster. Although the university–industry–government (UIG) approach provides useful insights into innovation and its diffusion, few studies have examined how such systems are organized and operate in cyberspace. Foodpolis is an export-oriented national food cluster targeting markets in Northeast Asia, including China and Japan. Foodpolis encompasses national food industry complexes and government-led agricultural and food R&D institutes whose goal is to advance food-processing technologies. This study employs the webometric analysis method to reveal the communication pattern of interactions between participating actors. The study evaluates web mentions and hyperlink networks to investigate links to and from the website of Foodpolis (Foodpolis.kr) by using the NodeXL software package. The results for links to and from Foodpolis do not indicate sufficient interactions between UIG websites and Twitter accounts. Instead, the website and Twitter account of Foodpolis were linked to its own online café, websites of individuals, and government websites. The results suggest that UIG actors should employ online communication channels in a more proactive manner for diffusing innovative initiatives such as Foodpolis. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101354
Beyond 5G (B5G) in mobile network technologies is the latest communication technology currently under development. B5G is expected to achieve superior capabilities in ultra-high network transmission speed, low latency, low energy consumption, and high coverage, comparing to current 5G network performance. Although B5G is still in the development and implementation stage, there are many patents and non-patent literature depicting B5G innovative technologies and applications. The landscapes of B5G technologies are great references for governments and industries to understand the advances in mobile communication for R&D strategies. Thus, this research focuses on developing a formal tech-mining workflow integrating semantic-based patent and non-patent literature analysis for ontology building, patent technological topic clustering, and graph convolutional network (GCN) modeling for depicting key technology interactions among clusters of sub-domain topics. This research emphasizes the study of B5G patent landscape and key technology interaction roadmap in comprehensive steps as a valuable reference for B5G mobile network R&D, as well as for conducting tech-mining of other technology domains of interests. 相似文献
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18.
[目的/意义] 提出一种融合评论主题识别与技术属性多维度分析的技术机会发现方法,从技术需求驱动视角识别技术机会,为企业前瞻布局研发方向与进行科研管理规划提供决策建议支持。[方法/过程] 以产品在线评论为研究数据源,首先,利用LDA主题模型识别出评论技术主题,提出技术评论主题强度和主题新颖度两个指标,筛选出新兴重点技术评论主题。然后,从学术论文、技术专利中人工选取技术属性词,通过TF-IDF值计算得到评论高频词,结合专家知识进一步筛选出技术特征词,构建产品技术属性词-技术特征词表。通过相关性计算分别得到与评论相关和与新兴重点技术评论主题相关的技术属性。最后,提出一种产品重要技术属性识别指标模型并设计一种多维度分析方法,分析产品重要技术属性的特征情况,最终识别出蕴含在评论文本中的新兴技术机会。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明该方法能够有效地识别技术机会,为企业产品技术研发管理提供参考。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):241-251
This study established a technological impact factor (TIF) derived from journal impact factor (JIF), which is proposed to evaluate journals from the aspect of practical innovation. This impact factor mainly examines the influence of journal articles on patents by calculating the number of patents cited to a journal divided by the number of articles published in that particular journal. The values of TIF for five-year (TIF5) and ten-year (TIF10) periods at the journal level and aggregated TIF values (TIFAGG_5 and TIFAGG_10) at the category level were provided and compared to the JIF. The results reveal that journals with higher TIF values showed varied performances in the JCR, while the top ten journals on JIF5 showed consistent good performance in TIFs. Journals in three selected categories – Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Research & Experimental Medicine, and Organic Chemistry – showed that TIF5 and TIF10 values are not strongly correlated with JIF5. Thus, TIFs can provide a new indicator for evaluating journals from the aspect of practical innovation. 相似文献
20.
Richard P. Smiraglia 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2017,55(5):269-288
Richard P. Smiraglia shares his personal evolution from early studies in music, to music cataloging, instantiation theory, and knowledge organization. People who have impacted his career and research direction are featured, as well as his work editing such publications as Library Resources & Technical Services, The Soldier Creek Music Series, and his continuing editorship of the journal Knowledge Organization. His contributions to the fields of cataloging, especially music cataloging, and his research in instantiation, domain analysis, and knowledge organization serve to advance Patrick Wilson's notion of exploitative power within a connected universe of knowledge. 相似文献