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1.
This article provides an overview of recent research in our laboratories on the development of metacognition in gifted and nongifted children. Research examining the development of children's metacognitive knowledge of mental activity concepts, general declarative metacognitive knowledge, and specific metacognitive attributions are reviewed. The present studies found, as had Alexander, Carr, and Schwanenflugel (1995), patterns of gifted and nongifted metacognitive development differed depending on the type of metacognitive knowledge being examined. Specifically, recent research on knowledge of mental activity concepts showed no clear advantages for gifted children over nongifted children. Declarative metacognitive knowledge research continues to support a monotonic advantage hypothesis in which gifted children show consistent advantages over nongifted children during the early elementary school years. This advantage, however, is short-lived due to the possible presence of a ceiling effect showing a closing of the declarative metacognitive knowledge gap between gifted and nongifted children around fourth grade. Finally, recent research on specific metacognitive attributions suggests that more intelligent children develop more sophisticated attributions over time but their ability to use this information may be more dependent on other individual differences variables that may or may not be related to intelligence such as knowledge base familiarity. We conclude that it is important to differentiate the types of metacognitive knowledge being measured in studies as we investigate individual differences in the development of children's metacognitive insights about thinking. 相似文献
2.
虞莉雅 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2001,3(5):55-57
元认知是智力中很关键的因素，智力水平的高低很大程度上依赖于元认知水平的高低。元认知是学生学会如何学习的理论基础和有效途径。提高学生学习能力需要研究学习的元认知和监控学习过程的问题。提高元认知能力可以开发智力，挖掘智能潜力。教师要培养学生的元认知能力，自己必须有较高的元认知能力。要开发教学和学生各种功能，如定向功能、助动功能、选式功能、反馈功能，在实践中培养学生的元认知能力。学生的智力是先天赋予的，却需要教师后天不断地开发。如果我们在教学中懂得培养学生的元认知能力，学生不但会学习，而且会自我监控，自我约束，就会成为智商和情商共同发展的人。 相似文献
3.
元认知:构建自主学习的外语教学策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
认知心理学中的元认知理论是培养学生创造性思维、构建自主学习的一个重要教学理论。元认知、元认知策略已经逐渐成为外语教学的重要内容。文章就元认知的理论界定,自主学习与元认知策略的关系以及如何在外语教学实践中对学生进行元认知策略运用能力训练进行探讨,引导学生形成富有成效的自主学习策略系统,从而提高学生运用元认知策略的能力,促进其综合语言技能的提高。 相似文献
4.
School psychologists in today's schools have the unique opportunity—and responsibility—to guide identification for gifted programs. “Who is gifted?” remains a perennial question in the gifted education literature, not answered by group intelligence screeners that purportedly level the playing field for all. As the student body grows more diverse, there is increasing necessity to ensure that all students have equal access to gifted programs. Failure to identify and develop the advanced abilities of gifted children who are culturally diverse, economically deprived, highly gifted, or twice exceptional is justifiably viewed as a civil rights violation. The National Association for Gifted Children's 2018 position statement, “Use of the WISC-V for Gifted and Twice Exceptional Identification,” offers important considerations for identifying the gifted. Based on a national research study of 390 gifted children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), the statement recommends that the traditional practice of mandating Full Scale intelligence quotient scores be abandoned. Instead, it embraces the use of any one of six expanded index scores that are better measures of abstract reasoning for selecting students for gifted provisions. As gifted children are oftentimes asynchronous, alternate index scores are less biased and better able to document the strengths of all gifted children. What is learned from the WISC-V can be applied by school psychologists to improve the choice of comprehensive individual intelligence tests, brief intelligence tests, and the body of evidence gifted children must exhibit. 相似文献
5.
Mary T. van Opstal Patrick L. Daubenmire 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):1089-1112
Metacognition can be described as an internal conversation that seeks to answer the questions, ‘how much do I really know about what I am learning’ and, ‘how am I monitoring what I am learning?’ Metacognitive regulation skills are critical to meaningful learning because they facilitate the abilities to recognize the times when one's current level of understanding is insufficient and to identify the needs for closing the gap in understanding. This research explored how using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) as an instructional approach in a laboratory classroom affected students’ practice of metacognitive skills while solving open-ended laboratory problems. Within our qualitative research design, results demonstrate that students in the SWH environment, compared to non-SWH students, used metacognitive strategies to a different degree and to a different depth when solving open-ended laboratory problems. As students engaged in higher levels of metacognitive regulation, peer collaboration became a prominent path for supporting the use of metacognitive strategies. Students claimed that the structure of the SWH weekly laboratory experiments improved their ability to solve open-ended lab problems. Results from this study suggest that using instruction that encourages practice of metacognitive strategies can improve students’ use of these strategies. 相似文献
6.
Dynamic testing of gifted and average‐ability children's analogy problem solving: Does executive functioning play a role? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bart Vogelaar Merel Bakker Lianne Hoogeveen Wilma C. M. Resing 《Psychology in the schools》2017,54(8):837-851
In this study, dynamic testing principles were applied to examine progression of analogy problem solving, the roles that cognitive flexibility and metacognition play in children's progression as well as training benefits, and instructional needs of 7‐ to 8‐year‐old gifted and average‐ability children. Utilizing a pretest training posttest control group design, participants were split in four subgroups: gifted dynamic testing (n = 22), gifted unguided practice (n = 23), average‐ability dynamic testing (n = 31), and average‐ability unguided practice (n = 37). Results revealed that dynamic testing led to more advanced progression than unguided practice, and that gifted and average‐ability children showed equivalent progression lines and instructional needs. For children in both ability categories, cognitive flexibility was not found to be related to progression in analogy problem solving or training benefits. In addition, metacognition was revealed to be associated with training benefits. Implications for educational practice were provided in the discussion. 相似文献
7.
康俊芬 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(10):149-150
写作是学生英语学习中的薄弱环节。元认知是学习者对自己学习过程的自我监控,是学习者为有效组织学习活动而采取策略性行动的知识和能力,以及在具体学习过程中使用策略的具体做法。本文试图将元认知理论运用到英语写作教学中,从丰富元认知知识及指导学生对写作过程进行计划、监控、调节方面来论述怎样进行写作元认知教学。 相似文献
8.
Jessika Golle Ingo Zettler Norman Rose Ulrich Trautwein Marcus Hasselhorn Benjamin Nagengast 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2018,11(3):375-408
Enrichment programs provide learning opportunities for a broader or deeper examination of curricular or extracurricular topics and are popular in gifted education. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of a statewide extracurricular enrichment program for gifted elementary school children in Germany. The program implemented a ”grass roots“ strategy by which local units developed and offered the enrichment courses, which spanned a broad array of topics. The courses targeted different outcomes, including students' cognitive abilities, school achievement, interests, creativity, self-control, self-concept, and social competencies. We compared third-grade students attending the enrichment program (N =423) with nonattending third-grade students (N = 2,328) by means of a propensity score analysis. Specifically, we controlled for potential selection effects and estimated the average causal effect of the enrichment program for children attending the program. The findings revealed positive program effects on academic achievement but not on the other targeted outcomes. 相似文献
9.
乔平 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2014,(7):76-77
元认知在听力理解中起着重要的作用,学习者元认知水平的高低直接影响其听力策略的使用和听力理解能力的发展。本文通过回顾元认知和听力教学的发展,探讨有效的元认知听力教学模式。 相似文献
10.
Do gifted students adjust poorly to their social environment? There are currently two competing positions: one that sustains that giftedness is by itself a risk factor for social adaptation, and another that holds that high cognitive abilities involve distinctive features that are protective and hence increase individual resilience. Empirical support has been provided for both positions. This paper provides data from a study performed with 50 Spanish‐speaking gifted children and adolescents using a comparison group of 50 average‐ability peers matched by sex and chronological age. The results show no significant differences between gifted students and their peers on global measures of adjustment. Instead, they suggest that gifted students are neither significantly more poorly nor better adjusted than their peers during different age periods. Our analysis of the results provides moderate support for the resilience position. 相似文献
11.
The term “intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children” refers to intellectually gifted children who are in migration from rural to urban areas. We compared performances on seven attention tasks among intellectually gifted (n = 26) and average (n = 30) rural-to-urban migrant and intellectually gifted urban children (n = 31). Our results showed that intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children performed more correctly and faster on some attention tasks than did the intellectually average rural-to-urban migrant children, but they did not perform as well on some attention tasks as did the intellectually gifted urban children. Based on the attentional structures, it was evident the intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children developed more mature than did either the intellectually gifted urban or the intellectually average rural-to-urban migrant children. This suggests the intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children’s attention is overall superior to that of their intellectually average peers. However, there are advantages and disadvantages in terms of the quality of their attention compared to the intellectually gifted urban children. While their attentional structures seem to develop earlier, their accuracy on some of the attention tasks seems to suffer. This suggests that rural-to-urban migration is a double-edged sword for intellectually gifted children. 相似文献
12.
黄庆斌 《湖北成人教育学院学报》2011,17(4):113-114
元认知理论为提高非英语专业学生英语阅读能力提供了新视角.在英语教学中,教师应注意让学生的元认知知识全面发展,引导学生将元认知知识运用到实际的阅读活动中去,激发学习动机,提高英语阅读水平. 相似文献
13.
通过对元认知策略使用情况的调研来探讨大学英语听力教学。元认知策略的培养能够使学生更好的把握听力思维过程,提高听力课的教学效果,加强学生自主学习的能力。调研结果显示,学生的策略使用情况处于中等水平,大部分只是偶尔或有时使用学习策略,针对这一结果,根据O’Malley和Charnot的论述设计了有针对性的学习策略课堂培训,并进行了讨论。学习策略培训在课堂上的应用将有利于大学英语教学“培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力”这一目标的实现。 相似文献
14.
Suzanna E. Henshon 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):133-134
Case studies of two highly gifted preschoolers demonstrate the widely varying abilities of children at the highest ends of the intelligence scales. The article discusses pitfalls in providing programs for the highly gifted and warns that acceleration is not enough. The author suggests that three key components — assessment, flexible scheduling and counseling —are critical to the success of any program for children with advanced intellectual gifts. 相似文献
15.
Julia D. Babaeva 《High Ability Studies》1999,10(1):51-68
The aims of this research were to investigate the possibilities of developing the cognitive and creative abilities of recognised gifted children, and also of raising the development of “ordinary” children up to a level of giftedness. This experimental work, based on Vygot‐sky's Dynamic Theory of Giftedness, involved special procedures and an experimental curriculum designed to overcome children's psychological barriers to learning. Five school classes were involved: three experimental classes, two of these gifted and one of average‐ability children. Two further control classes were taught by conventional methods. Comparative assessments were made for 6 years between all the children, regarding cognitive development, creativity and social giftedness, revealing considerable undeveloped potential of “ordinary” children. Major factor influencing IQ changes included the differences in psychological mechanisms to overcome barriers to learning. Due to the experimental psychological curriculum, not only did all the children's cognitive abilities increase, but also their creativity. Hence, these new diagnostic and developmental procedures were found to be effective, demonstrating the high practical value of the Dynamic Theory of Giftedness. 相似文献
16.
Shirley Larkin 《Thinking Skills and Creativity》2009,4(3):149-159
Writing can be viewed as a recursive process involving both cognitive and metacognitive processes. Task, environment, individual cognition and affective processes all impact on producing written text. Recent research on the development of metacognition in young children has highlighted social constructivist and socio-cultural factors. Metacognition is seen as facilitated through collaborative tasks and through talk. This study investigated the peer construction of metacognition in 5-7-year-old children engaged on collaborative writing tasks. Six year 1 and year 2 classes were involved in the project (n = 172). 25 h of video observation data, teacher and researcher reflections and structured field notes were analysed qualitatively using ATLAS ti software. The written texts produced in these sessions were analysed using a qualitative content analysis, looking specifically for evidence of the process of text construction and metacognition. The findings provide evidence of young children's ability to engage in metacognitive talk and to use metacognition intentionally in the co-construction of written texts. The relationships between children and their talk partners mediated the effect of pre-determined ability in literacy. Teachers’ direct questioning aimed at reflection on the writing process did not always support metacognitive dialogues. Drawing on recent models of metacognition and writing the paper highlights the role of social factors in developing metacognition and illustrates the ways in which young children negotiate task demands during shared writing tasks. 相似文献
17.
Dori Staehle 《Roeper Review》2013,35(4):270-271
Research conducted on academically gifted children's problem‐solving abilities suggests that heightened cognitive flexibility is an important component of academic intelligence. For example, academically gifted children are better able to adapt prior knowledge to formulate solutions to novel problems than other people. To date, little research has focused on applying these findings to the social domain. We propose that social‐cognitive flexibility (i.e., the ability to adapt prior social knowledge to formulate solutions to new interpersonal situations) is an important component of social intelligence. This article draws a comparison between the structure of academic and social intelligence, and speculates an important relationship exists between flexible social problem‐solving and social gift‐edness. 相似文献
18.
元认知是指个体对自己认知过程的监测和调控,是对于个体认知活动的自我意识、自我监控和自我调整。教师只有不断对教学活动进行自我反思、自我监控和调节,才能提高自身能力,这个过程从本质上说是一种元认知的过程。元认知策略已经成为提高教师教学及自身能力的重要内容。因此,教师的元认知能力的培养是教师发展的必由之路。 相似文献
19.
David Whitebread 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1999,14(4):489-507
This paper reports two related studies intended to explore the interactions between children’s metacognitive abilities, their working memory capacity, the development and selection of strategies and their performance on problem-solving tasks. In the first study, a sample of 20 children aged 5 and 6 were presented with a reclassification task. In the second study, a sample of 72 children aged 6, 8 and 10 were presented with a multidimensional discrimination learning (MDL) task. Data was collected related to the children’s metacognitive abilities, working memory capacity, response strategies and task performance. The results indicated that performance on both tasks was dependent upon developmentally changing interactions between these various aspects of cognitive functioning. In particular, the relationship of working memory capacity to performance was dependent upon metacognitive abilities. The results also suggested that metacognitive awareness did not directly affect performance, but that such a relationship was dependent upon the development of strategic control. The implications of these results for understanding U-shaped behavioural growth and other common developmental patterns are discussed. Within the educational sphere, the study emphasises the significance and possibility for children as learners of fostering certain kinds of metacognitive ability. 相似文献
20.
元认知是对于认知的认知．数学元认知能力，就是在数学学习中，对数学认知过程的自我意识和自我监控的能力．它以元认知知识和元认知体验为基础，并在对数学认知过程的评价、控制和调节中显示出来．就其功能而言，它对数学认知过程起指导、支配、决策、监控的作用，在学生的数学学习过程中具有重要的意义． 相似文献