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This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs’ top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. 相似文献
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企业虚拟社区是企业获取和管理外部知识资源的新途径。本文探讨了虚拟社区主办企业的管理行为、个体动机因素和知识贡献行为间的关系,即主办企业的管理行为通过个体动机因素的中介作用对个体知识贡献行为产生影响。通过结构方程模型方法对403份来自我国企业虚拟社区的问卷调查数据进行分析,结果表明:三种主办企业的社区管理行为,即鼓励互动、组织线下活动和提供奖励,对互惠和获得认可有正向影响,并通过个体动机(互惠和认可)对社区成员知识贡献行为产生正向影响。 相似文献
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本文主要研究中国风险投资网络社群结构影响信息传播。遵循社群结构在认知临近性的影响下改变信息传播的逻辑思路,提出了风险投资网络社群结构的三个维度和信息传播的两种类型,采用实证分析法分别检验。研究发现：社群凝聚性对两种信息传播都是负向影响,地位差异和协调性对两种信息传播都是正向影响。凝聚性比地位差异影响项目信息传播更显著,地位差异比协调性影响项目信息传播更显著。凝聚性与地位差异对经验信息传播的影响差异不显著,地位差异比协调性对经验信息传播影响更显著。认知临近性会正向影响社群凝聚性与两种信息传播的关系,会负向影响社群地位差异与两种信息传播的关系,会负向影响协调性与两种信息传播的关系。 相似文献
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Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献
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在以企业为主要表现形式的工程活动共同体中,作为其成员的个体各自占据一定的岗位而发挥其作用,每个个体都是＂本位人＂和＂岗位人＂的统一。文章着重分析了作为＂个体＂的个人和作为＂集体＂的工程共同体的动态关系。个体通过招聘过程而在工程共同体中＂出场＂,然后是在工作岗位起作用的＂在场＂和离开工程共同体的＂退场＂。文章最后部分运用中国哲学的阴阳理论对人性问题和本位人和岗位人的相互关系进行了简要分析。 相似文献
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Mariana Giovanna Andrade Rojas Edgar Rogelio Ramirez Solis John JianJun Zhu 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1111-1124
This study focuses on the multiplexity of firm R&D networks, and it investigates two types of boundary-spanning networks: the bipartite network between firms and government-sponsored institutions (GSIs), and the traditional firm–firm network. We apply a social network perspective to examine the effects that these kinds of networks have on firm innovativeness, in relation to the effects of the firm’s internal R&D efforts. We define the firm-GSI network as bipartite, and we investigate how the structural characteristics of this network (cohesion and centrality) affect innovativeness. We then decompose the innovational effects of firm–firm networks into two categories (intra- and inter-sector) to distinguish the effects of these collaboration networks. Furthermore, we investigate how these various external collaborative networks interact with a firm’s internal R&D efforts for driving innovativeness. Our empirical study of 420 manufacturing firms in Mexico evaluates evidence from surveys and secondary data. The findings indicate that the structural properties of both firm–GSI and firm–firm networks have positive effects on innovativeness, but firm–GSI network cohesion has a stronger negative interaction with R&D in influencing firm innovativeness. Moreover, intra-sector centrality in a firm–firm network has a stronger negative interaction with R&D than inter-sector centrality does in driving firm innovativeness. We contribute to the literature by integrating insights from the perspectives of network multiplexity, social embeddedness, and resource complementarity in regard to inter-organizational behavior. Our study also provides meaningful guidelines for both managers and policy makers. The study’s findings are robust to concerns of common method bias and alternative model specifications. 相似文献
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科学合作网络知识多样性与企业技术创新绩效 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):867-875
科学合作在科学知识生产中扮演着重要角色,而科学研究所产生的科学知识对于企业技术创新至关重要。运用2000-2017年新能源汽车产业相关学科在web of science刊载的32715家中国组织参与的合作论文585348篇,构建组织间科学合作网络139090个（个体网）。同时从德温特数据库下载了1893家中国组织在新能源汽车产业申请的专利16112条,将参与了科学合作（合作论文）与产生了技术创新绩效（专利申请）的组织进行匹配,最终聚焦于174家企业,利用面板数据,实证分析我国新能源汽车产业科学合作网络关系如何影响企业技术创新绩效。研究发现,企业在网络中的关系广度与关系强度均能正向影响企业技术创新绩效,关系强度比关系广度对企业技术创新绩效的影响更直接;知识多样性（学科多样性和技术多元化）中介于网络关系对企业技术创新绩效的影响,学科多样性中介于关系强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响,而关系广度则通过技术多元化影响企业技术创新绩效;研究还发现,企业进行学科多样性和技术多元化均有利于其提升技术创新绩效。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(5):104507
The relationship between firm performance and innovation behavior has been widely studied, yet theoretical and empirical findings still widely diverge. We investigate this inconsistency through the lens of informal institutions, specifically communitarianism, the degee to which group goals are considered more important than individual goals. We do this through an analysis of a firm-level dataset covering 31,860 firms across 56 countries. We find evidence for a ‘cushion effect’, where firms in highly communitarian settings benefit from informal insurance in order to engage in innovation activity when their performance is below their aspirational value. Firms experiencing performance above aspirational value are also more likely to engage in innovation activity in highly communitarian settings due to a ‘pay-it-forward’ mechanism, using innovation activities to contribute to community challenges. Both effects are conditional on firms being sufficiently embedded in their direct business environment. We discuss the direct and wider implications for the literature on performance-innovation behavior and provide guidance for policy makers and practitioners. 相似文献
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Geographic clusters confer advantages to collocated firms, in particular access to local know-how. This article argues that the access to local know-how is contingent on the extent to which inventive activity is concentrated in the cluster. We draw on sociological theories of generalized exchange to argue that contrasting logics of exchange emerge in geographic clusters that have opposing effects on the extent to which firms benefit from collaborating with local organizations and source local knowledge. A longitudinal data set of 1903 firms engaged in nanotechnology research is used to examine the relationship between firm co-authorships on scientific articles with firms and public research organizations (PROs) and firm inventive performance. Results indicate that when cluster-level firm inventive concentration is high, collaborations with local firms are associated with lower inventive performance. We also find that firms source less local knowledge for their own inventions when firm inventive concentration is high. In contrast, concentrated inventive activity among PROs increases the positive relationship between collaborations with local PROs and firm inventive performance. Results also show firms source more knowledge from local PROs when local PRO inventive concentration is high. The findings suggest that inventive concentration both helps and hinders spill-over of cutting-edge knowledge. 相似文献
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We explore how a firm’s knowledge structure characteristics and market identity—as reflected in its position in the industry value chain and market status—influence knowledge-based alliance (KBA) formation. We propose that a firm’s propensity to form KBAs is affected by the congruence (or misalignment) between its knowledge structure characteristics (i.e., knowledge depth and scope) and the role it plays in the industry, as demanded by its position in the value chain. We further argue that while a firm’s market status can amplify the positive effect of the congruence, thereby enhancing a firm’s proclivity to form KBAs, being prominent can also hurt a firm when it faces a misalignment between its knowledge structure characteristics and externally induced expectations related to its value chain position. We validate our arguments using panel data on 1051 firm-year observations for 197 firms patenting in the global fuel cell industry for the period 1999–2009. By developing a richer understanding of the relationship between a firm’s knowledge-based resources and KBA formation, we answer the call for a better understanding of how and when firms can leverage their internal knowledge configurations to improve their proclivity to form alliances. 相似文献
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一名合格的文献信息咨询员除了必须具备一定的知识、技能与适当的人格结构外；还要注重在咨询过程中实现个人成长，只有做到时刻维护自身的心理健康、注意培养自己的专业修养、虚心接受督导和检查、不断提高职业道德水平、注重与用户一起成长，才能真正地做好文献信息咨询服务工作，成为一名名副其实的文献信息咨询员。 相似文献
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从企业内外部因素——知识基础结构和产品市场结构两方面入手,分析它们对研发资源在合作研发与独立研发之间合理配置的影响机制。认为,企业研发投入结构的选择是一种基于知识基础结构和产品市场结构的企业间策略互动。它们对研发投入结构的作用途径有：技术吸收率效应、绝对成本优势效应、技术溢出率效应、企业利润效应和产品差异化效应。并且以我国高技术企业为例进行了实证研究,理论结论得到了实证结果的支持。 相似文献
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CEO继任模式及其与企业绩效的关系--研究综述和进一步研究的理论框架 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CEO继任是企业成长发展中的最重要的战略决策之一。CEO的管理能力和企业家才能作为企业重要的战略资源在很大程度上决定着一个企业的成长和绩效。正因为如此，对CEO继任问题的研究已经引起了学术界广泛的关注。CEO继任是一个复杂的过程，这一过程由前任离任和后任继任两个相继发生的事件所组成。归纳国外关于CEO继任问题的研究，一般从两个方面来描述CEO继任模式：一是继任者的来源；二是前任CEO离职时的情境。继任者的来源一般分为内部继任者和外部继任者。前任离职的情境一般区分为强迫更替和自然更替。所谓强迫更替是指CEO不情愿地被免职，自然更替是指CEO志愿退出CEO的职位。因此，国外研究一般将CEO继任模式分为四种类型，即(1)志愿离任、内部继任，(2)志愿离任、外部继任，(3)被迫离任、内部继任，(4)被迫离任、外部继任。关于CEO继任模式与企业绩效的关系，比较多的研究认为，非常规(强迫离任)会显著影响企业绩效，可以促进企业绩效提高；常规继任(志愿离任)不会引起企业绩效的变化。外部继任与企业绩效有显著相关，内部继任与企业绩效关系不大。George boyne and Jay dahya(2002)对公共组织CEO继任与组织绩效的关系的研究认为，CEO继任受外部约束的限制(如法律、政府税收政策等)和内部约束的限制(如CEO的正式职责、权力集中的程度)。新任CEO继任对组织绩效的影响是通过一系列策略改变而实现的，这些策略包括采用一种新的组织结构、新的流程、聘用新的人员到高的职位或采取一种新的财务预算等。综合国外相关研究成果，可以得到一个进一步研究的理论框架：企业CEO继任模式受多种约束条件的影响，一是企业外部约束，如行业的竞争性、行业的企业数量以及职业经理人市场的成熟度等；二是企业内部约束，包括企业的经营绩效、企业规模、企业发展的生命周期、企业的文化取向、企业的绐理结构等。这些内部和外部约束的综合作用，决定了企业CEO的继任模式。CEO继任模式对企业绩效的影响途径是通过对企业内部结构、企业流程、人力资本和企业发展战略的调整而实现的。对于以上各种因素之间相互作用的方向和强度，有待于作进一步的实证研究。 相似文献
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本文以2008-2011年间医药行业上市公司数据为样本,分别从平衡维度和交互维度实证检验了战略双元与企业绩效之间的关系,并进一步验证了战略双元在高管团队异质性与企业绩效之间的中介效应。研究结果表明:平衡维度与交互维度的战略双元均对企业绩效具有显著影响,说明企业在不同时点上探索——开发两种战略导向交互作用、动态匹配的复杂平衡关系对于企业绩效具有重要意义;同时,平衡维度的战略双元在高管团队教育异质性与企业绩效之间起完全中介作用,在高管团队职业异质性与企业绩效之间起部分中介作用。交互维度的战略双元在高管团队职业异质性与企业绩效之间起完全中介作用。 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2020,4(2):27-39
This paper empirically investigates the effect of mandatory pension contributions on firm innovation. We find that firms with mandatory contributions experience a decline in their innovation output. This effect is stronger for firms with financial constraints, more short-term institutional investors, higher levels of managerial short-termism. We also document that mandatory pension contributions result in a reduction in firm research and development expenditures and an increase in firm debt-to-asset ratio. Moreover, we report that firms with mandatory contributions increase their alliance activities to pursue innovation with external partners. 相似文献
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专利技术许可已经成为开放式创新时代企业获取创新利益的重要方式,而何时进行专利许可是企业面临的重要决策问题。本文根据专利的法律化过程将专利许可时间分为专利申请-公开之间、公开-授权之间以及授权后,重点考察不同创新规模条件下企业的专利许可时间决策差异。通过将专利公开效应与授权效应纳入到企业专利许可时间决策模型,从理论上推导出企业创新规模与专利许可时间决策的关系,即：（1）企业创新规模增加会导致专利申请-公开之间许可的概率增加;（2）企业创新规模增加会导致专利公开-授权之间许可的概率先增加后降低,即企业创新规模对专利公开-授权之间许可概率的影响呈倒U型;（3）企业创新规模增加会导致专利授权后许可的概率降低。然后,本文利用2001-2015年中国企业在国家知识产权局申请且第一次备案许可的11865条发明专利进行实证研究,结果验证了以上所有理论命题。本研究从理论上揭示了不同创新规模企业的专利许可时间决策机制,对我国企业技术转移策略选择以及技术转移政策设计具有重要实践启示。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104426
We propose a new measure of the exploratory activities of companies based on the idea that experimentation with new courses of action and the need to describe them entails the adoption of new words in firm regulatory disclosures. Unlike traditional indicators, such as R&D spending, the proposed exploration indicator is available for all publicly traded firms across all industries. The exploration indicator predicts firm knowledge accumulation, as measured by future patenting and trademarking activities. It further shows that firm exploration declines after periods of high R&D spending and over time. The exploration indicator correlates positively with firm risk and exhibits a distinct positive impact on firm value unexplained by traditional innovation indicators. Our language-based approach can be applied to measure creative contributions in other domains, such as government grant applications and academic publications. 相似文献