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研究目的：通过建立小鼠负重游泳模型,从负重游泳力竭时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮、丙二醛、肝糖元等指标实验研究,探讨霍山石斛多糖抗疲劳作用机制,为运动饮料中增加霍山石斛多糖提高运动员抗疲劳能力提供依据。研究方法：将SD小鼠随机分为4组。阴性对照组：给予生理盐水灌胃;阳性对照组：给予葡萄糖2g/（kg.d）灌胃;高剂量实验组：给予霍山石斛多糖450 mg/（kg.d）灌胃;低剂量实验组：给予霍山石斛多糖150mg/（kg.d）灌胃,实验组小鼠连续14d进行负重游泳力竭运动和给药后,测量和分析其血乳酸、血清尿素氮、丙二醛、肝糖元等指标变化。研究结果：1.霍山石斛多糖能显著延长小鼠游泳时间,降低运动后小鼠的乳酸累积。2.霍山石斛多糖能降低血清尿素氮、丙二醛含量,增加运动后小鼠的肝糖原储备值。3.补充霍山石斛多糖可以有效的提高小鼠的运动能力。 相似文献
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目的:探讨富硒蛹虫草主要化学成分和抗疲劳能力,为富硒蛹虫草作为抗疲劳功能性食品和药品提供理论依据.方法:菌丝体成分测定:在培养基中添加一定量的硒通过液体发酵法获得富硒蛹虫草菌丝体,经粉碎后测定菌丝体多糖、有机硒含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性.抗疲劳能力测定:50只健康昆明小鼠随机分为纯空白组、空白对照组和低、中、高剂量组5个实验组.每天以不同剂量的富硒蛹虫草菌丝体灌胃小鼠,共14 d.分别测定小鼠负重游泳力竭时间和小鼠安静时、运动后即刻及运动休息后三个阶段的血乳酸和血尿素氮含量.结果:富硒蛹虫草菌丝体胞内多糖含量和SOD酶活力分别比正常茵丝体提高13.7%和60.9%,富硒蛹虫草菌丝体有机硒含量是空白菌丝体的3.11倍.喂饲187.5 ag/kg bw剂量富硒蛹虫草的小鼠负重游泳力竭时间显著延长,比空白组提高3.18倍.187.5 mg/kgbw富硒蛹虫草的实验剂量可以延缓和减少运动时小鼠体内乳酸的产生,加快运动后小鼠体内的乳酸清除.结论:富硒蛹虫草可以缓解小鼠运动性疲劳的产生,具有抗疲劳作用. 相似文献
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目的：通过构建动物模型,研究运动对淋巴细胞钙稳态、IL-2分泌及钙调基因表达影响,以探讨长期适量强度运动调控免疫机能的分子机
制。方法：相互匹配雄性小白鼠随机被分成控制组和实验组,实验组执行长期自主转轮跑运动6个月,淋巴细胞分离自小鼠脾脏,胞内钙离子浓度通
过荧光稳态/瞬态分析系统测量荧光探针负载细胞悬液而确定,ELISA法检测Con A体外刺激对淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平的影响,实时荧光定量PCR
法检测细胞相关钙调基因表达。结果：不管在含钙缓冲液还是在不含钙PBS溶液中,实验组OKT-3诱导淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度变化幅度显著高于
控制组（P<0.05,n=5）;实验组Con A体外刺激诱导培养细胞IL-2分泌水平显著高于控制组（P<0.05,n=6）;实验组淋巴细胞内钙调节基因STIM1和
ORAI1核酸表达水平显著低于控制组（P<0.05,n=5）。结论：长期自主转轮跑运动可促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞钙离子信号转导敏感性,提高体外刺激诱
发淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平,推测胞内钙稳态调控基因表达下调可能是一种负反馈机制,以防止运动诱发的胞内钙稳态失衡,当然这仍需进一步的实
验深入研究运动的调控机理。 相似文献
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目的:研究肌酸补剂对小鼠运动能力的影响及其机制.方法:昆明种雄性小鼠60只(15～17g),分为对照组(control group,CG)和肌酸补充组(3.0g/kg体重,creatine supplemented group,SG),每组30只.2周后,分别于运动前、定量负荷运动(负5%体重,游5min)后和力竭运动(负18%体重)后取材.石蜡切片HE染色统计肌纤维横截面积;测定血乳酸和肌乳酸、肝糖原和肌糖原及腓肠肌和血清中的肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶.结果:肌酸补充组小鼠游泳至力竭时间显著高于对照组(P<0.01);定量负荷运动后,肌酸补充组血乳酸和肌乳酸增加幅度显著低于对照组;运动后肌酸补充组血清CK和LDH含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);运动前肌酸补充组肝糖原含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论:肌酸补剂能减少运动小鼠血液和肌肉中乳酸堆积,有助于保护肌细胞膜的完整性,肌酸补充还可增加糖原贮备,从而延长小鼠游泳至力竭时间. 相似文献
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实验以疲劳小鼠为研究对象,给予疲劳小鼠不同运动饮料进行灌胃,测定小鼠跑笼速度和时间,观察各组小鼠耐力的差异,比较不同运动饮料对疲劳小鼠体力恢复的效果。结果显示,在进行跑笼实验前8min对小鼠灌胃,4种饮料对小鼠抗疲劳均有一定作用,能够提高小鼠的运动耐力和运动速度。其中红牛效果最佳,佳得乐吸收最快,表明疲劳后短时间内饮用运动饮料可以起到增强耐力和抗疲劳的作用。 相似文献
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目的研究择时营养补充对中长跑运动员运动能力及部分血生化指标的影响。方法 16名大学男子中长跑运动员随机分为择时营养补充实验组和安慰剂对照组,实验组每天早7:00时口服温阳中药,晚8:30口服滋阴中药,并在运动前、运动中和运动后2 h补充"糖+大豆肽饮料"(糖与肽的质量比为4:1),并进行6周的运动训练。对照组在相同时间内口服外观相同内含淀粉的胶囊和补充等量纯净水,并执行相同训练计划。结果:发现实验组自身比较PWC170、Pmax、600 m跑和立定三级跳成绩显著提高,100 m跨跳步数明显减少。与对照组比较,实验组在9:00～11:00、16:00～18:00时间段Pmax显著增加;100 m跨跳步数和600 m跑用时显著减少,立定三级跳成绩显著提高。实验后实验组T峰值和中值比对照组显著增加,C峰值和中值显著减低,T/C峰值和中值显著增高69.31%(P<0.05)和61.38%(P<0.05),CK峰值和中值显著降低37.8%。结论:择时营养显著提升大学生中长跑运动员血清睾酮水平、促进运动疲劳的消除和体能的恢复,维护大强度运动后骨骼肌微结构的恢复。 相似文献
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实验组小鼠每天额外供给支链氨基酸２５ｍｇ，对照组每天额外供给葡萄２５ｍｇ。４天后发现，运动后试验组和对照组血清乳酸水平分别为２．７５ｍｍｏＬ／Ｌ和３．８９ｍｍｏＬ／Ｌ，差异非常显著，Ｐ＜０．０１。力竭运动试验游泳时间延长，乳酸水平下降，表明支链氨基酸可增强实验动物的运动能力，延缓运动性疲劳的出现。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献