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1.
评定有氧工作能力指标的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刘洵 《天津体育学院学报》1995,10(4):18-20
对不同训练水平、不同性别的６０名受试者进行了摄氧量、心率及氧脉搏的测定，其目的是通过比较优选评定有氧工作能力的指标。结果显示：在此方面，由于公斤体重的氧脉搏可同时消除体重和心率等因素的影响，故它比最大摄氧量更为客观。 相似文献
2.
Modern ski-treadmills allow cross-country skiers, biathletes and ski-orienteers to test their physical fitness in a laboratory
environment whilst performing classical and freestyle (skating) techniques on roller skis. For elite athletes, the differences
in performance between test occasions are quite small, thus emphasising the importance of knowing the roller skis’ rolling
resistance in order to allow the correct comparison between the results of different test occasions. In this study, the roller
skis’ rolling resistance was measured on the ski-treadmill’s surface using a roller ski rolling resistance measurement system
specially produced for this purpose. The study investigated the influence of significant changes in rolling resistance on
physiological variables. The results showed that during submaximal exercise, power, oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate
were significantly changed by different rolling resistances, while there were no significant or only small changes to cycle
rate, cycle length and ratings of perceived exertion. Incremental maximal tests showed that time to exhaustion was significantly
changed by different rolling resistances and this occurred without significant changes in maximal power, maximal oxygen uptake,
maximal heart rate and blood lactate, and that the influence on ratings of perceived exertion were insignificant or small. 相似文献
3.
CONCONI测试对足球运动员有氧能力评定的可行性研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》2001,35(2):83-87
应用CONCONI测试方法寻找足球运动员个体无氧闲心率，验证采用CONCONI拐点心率评价足球运动员个体无氧闲心率及最大有氧能力的可行性。研究结果表明在递增强度运动过程中87％的受试者都出现了心率拐点。而且随运动强度的递增，完成距离最短者心率拐点偏左、中长者居中、最长者偏右，拐点心率与完成的距离高度显著性相关，表明CONCONI心率拐点具有明显的个体差异性。与乳酸无氧阈相比虽然在精确度上仍需做进一步研究，但如果将ODNODNI拐点心率设定一个范围，用于评定和监测个体最大有氧能力训练还是可行的。 相似文献
4.
Four competition walkers performed competition walking, ordinary walking and running on a treadmill on two different occasions. During the two walking modes, the subjects performed maximal tests. During running, the session was terminated at a heart rate of 150 beats min-1 or an exertion rating--for either chest or leg--of 5 or higher. The tests commenced at 2.5 km h-1 and the velocity was increased by 2.5 km h-1 every 4 min. Measures of chest exertion and breathlessness, leg exertion, heart rate and blood lactate were taken every 4 min just prior to the velocity changes. The measured psychological and physiological variables were described by monotonously accelerating power functions with exponents around 2 for the perceptual variables at both walking modes. The heart rate growth for competition walking accelerated according to a function with an exponent of 1.7, which is lower than that for ordinary walking (2.0), but higher than that for running which is linear. No significant difference was found between maximal oxygen uptake when competition walking and running were compared. A second test was carried out so as to confirm the cross-over point for the heart rate curves in the two walking modes. The cross-over point for the two walking curves were determined to be at 8.6 km h-1. 相似文献
5.
随机抽样调查三峡大学783名女生身高、体重、皮脂厚度(含体脂百分比)等身体形态指标和握力、台阶实验指数、肺活量、仰卧起坐数量、坐位体前屈数值、立定跳远、最大吸氧量(VO2max)等身体机能指标,发现女生身体形态良好,体态较为匀称,但体脂百分比偏低;握力、台阶实验指数、肺活量、仰卧起坐数量、坐位体前屈数值、立定跳远等身体素质与机能指标中的体质测试等课堂必测指标较好,但反映机体心肺耐力功能状况的最大吸氧量(VO2max)偏低。结论:女生的体质状况有待提高。 相似文献
6.
Colleen R. McGowan Robert J. Robertson Leonard H. Epstein 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):131-137
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bicycle ergometer exercise at varying metabolic intensities upon the heart rate, electromyographic (EMG), and mood state responses to a timed mental arithmetic stressor. Twelve males participated in four experimental conditions: three exercise trials consisting of workloads of 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity, and an attentional control condition. Daily test protocol involved the following time sequence: habituation, baseline, exercise or control condition (presented in a counterbalanced order), recovery, mental arithmetic, and completion of mood state questionnaire. Results indicated no differential response to the mental arithmetic stressor across the four conditions for the 12 subjects for heart rate, EMG activity, or mood state. Thus, 15 min of exercise at 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity proved to be no different from an attentional control condition in influencing the physiological and psychological responses to the mental arithmetic stressor. 相似文献
7.
Deborah B. Dowdy Kirk J. Cureton Harry P. Duval Harvey G. Ouzts 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):227-233
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic dance on physical work capacity, cardiovascular function and body composition of young middle-aged women. Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O 2 max), heart rate during submaximal treadmill walking, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and body composition were determined before and after a 10-week aerobic dance conditioning program in 28 women (18 experimental and 10 control), aged 25 to 44 years. During the 10-week treatment period, the experimental subjects participated in 45 min of aerobic dance at 70–85% of the heart rate reserve, 3 days · week –1,whereas the control group did not participate in any regular strenuous physical activity. Changes in the experimental group were significantly greater than in the control group for [Vdot]O 2 max expressed in 1 · min –1 or relative to body weight or fat-free weight (5 to 7% vs. – 5 to – 8%), time on a continuous grade-incremented walking treadmill test (16% vs. 1%), heart rate during submaximal stages of the treadmill test (– 9% vs. 1%) and resting heart rate (– 8% vs. 2%). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body weight; percent fat, fat weight, and fat-free weight estimated using underwater weighing; sum of seven skinfolds; and sum of seven circumferences did not change significantly in either group. It was concluded that aerobic dance performed 30–45 min, 3 days · week –1 for 10 weeks significantly improves physical work capacity and cardiovascular function, but without dietary control, does not alter body composition in sedentary middle-aged women. 相似文献
8.
高校舞龙队员身体机能特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
探讨舞龙运动对人体身体机能的影响,促进舞龙运动的发展,对18名舞龙男大学生、15名一般体育专业男大学生和11名普通男大学生安静时的心率、血压和运动后即刻心率及运动后肺活量进行测定,计算布兰奇心功指数、PWC170和VO2max,并进行统计分析比较。结果表明,舞龙大学生和一般体育专业大学生的心血管功能、身体做功能力,最大耗氧量和肺活量明显优于普通大学生(P<0.05),舞龙大学生比一般体育专业大学生具有更优的趋向,但无显著性差异。结论:舞龙运动对身体机能和心肺功能的增强有促进作用,是一种安全有效的健身活动。 相似文献
9.
Relationships between muscle fibre characteristics and physical performance capacity in trained athletic boys 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The relationships between muscle fibre characteristics and the physical performance capacity of trained athletic boys (aged 11-13 years) were studied over 2 days. The subjects were divided into two groups according to muscle fibre distribution. The 'fast' group (FG) comprised 10 subjects (sprinters, weightlifters, tennis players) with more than 50% fast-twitch fibres (type II), and the 'slow' group (SG) comprised 8 subjects (endurance runners, tennis players, one weightlifter) with more than 50% slow-twitch fibres (type I) in their vastus lateralis muscle. The 'fast' group had 59.2 +/- 6.3% and the 'slow' group had 39.4 +/- 9.8% type II fibres. Other clear differences (P less than 0.05-0.01) between the groups were observed as regards reaction time, rate of force development and rise of the body's centre of gravity in the squatting jump. For these variables, the 'fast' group was superior to the 'slow' group. Muscle fibre distribution (% type II) correlated (P less than 0.05-0.01) negatively with reaction time. Muscle fibre area (% type II) correlated negatively with reaction time (P less than 0.05-0.001) and positively with chronological age (P less than 0.05) height (P less than 0.05), mass (P less than 0.001), serum testosterone (P less than 0.05), force production (P less than 0.05-0.01) and blood lactate (P less than 0.05) in the 60-s maximal anaerobic test. There were no significant correlations between muscle fibre characteristics and maximal oxygen uptake. The present study assumes that heredity partly affects the selection of sporting event. Growth, development and training are associated with muscle fibre area, which affects the physical performance capacity of the neuromuscular system in trained young boys. 相似文献
10.
足球运动员高原及平原长距离匀速耐力跑时心率漂移现象的观察与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》2001,35(4):34-37
研究目的是观察平原及高原匀速耐力跑时足球运动员心车漂移现象及不同运动能力的运动员之间心率漂移的差异，分析不同耐力水平运动员心率漂移的变化对运动能力的影响。研究结果表明足球运动员平原及高原匀速耐力跑时无论是在平原还是在高原所有受试者都不同程度地出现心率漂移现象。但高原各心半指标均高于平原。不同运动能力受试者所存在妁心率漂移现象差异在一定程度上反映了最大摄氧能力差异。但心率漂移现象作为评定呼吸和循环系统机能妁指杯还需有更多妁其他生理指标支持。 相似文献
11.
Marilyn A. Looney PED Carol J. Feltz Christopher N. Vanvleet 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):363-366
Abstract The results of studying the older athlete provide inference to the possible physiological limits found at various ages and the effect of physical activity on the aging process. As a result of the increase in development of atherosclerosis with age and the high intensity effort involved in track competition, the importance of a maximal stress test prior to entering into competition was discussed. The results presented showed 40- to 75-yr-old champion track competitors to have excellent performance, cardiopulmonary function, and body composition characteristics when compared to sedentary and moderately trained subjects of similar ages. Although maximal performance and oxygen intake decreased with age, a dramatic reduction did not occur until after age 65. Body composition measures, maximal pulmonary ventilation, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and serum lipids were similar for subjects up to age 65, but showed a significant decrement thereafter. The causes of the decrement in performance and physiological function with age could not be determined, but were thought to result from a combination of factors, e.g., aging, quantity and quality of conditioning, and number of years in continuous training. 相似文献
12.
优秀短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
目的:比较不同性别和训练水平运动员无氧能力的差异,探讨短距离自行车运动员高能磷酸原供能、糖酵解供能和混合无氧供能能力的特征。方法:对16名优秀短距离自行车运动员进行10s(女)、15s(男)、30s和60s的无氧功测定,测定运动后即刻、运动后3min恢复心率和血乳酸。结果:1)磷酸原代谢能力表现出明显的性别差异,男运动员最大功率、相对最大功率、平均功率、相对平均功率、最大圈数都明显高于女运动员;2)30s和60s两种测试中,运动员爆发力表现出相同水平,但糖酵解代谢持续供能能力随运动时间的延长而明显下降;3)男子优秀运动员组15s无氧功最大功率、平均功率明显高于普通组。男、女最大圈数大于普通组,达到最大圈数时间小于或等于普通组;4)男子优秀组运动员30s、60s平均功率高于普通运动员组。女子优秀运动员组30s、60s平均功率、最大圈数明显高于普通运动员组,60s最大功率明显高于普通运动员组(P<0.05)。结论:1)优秀短距离自行车运动员具有较强的磷酸原代谢能力,男运动员明显强于女运动员;2)较强的糖酵解代谢能力是短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的特征;3)评定磷酸原系统能力时,男、女运动员都使用10s无氧功测试为好;4)不同水平运动员的无氧代谢能力表现出明显差异,优秀运动员组强于普通运动员组。 相似文献
13.
瑜伽锻炼对女大学生身体形态与心肺功能影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
倪腊贵 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(1):10-11
选取126名女大学生实施10周初级瑜伽练习,在瑜伽练习前后对受试者进行身体形态和心肺功能相关指标进行测试发现瑜伽练习可以减少脂肪、降低安静心率与血压、增加肺活量,结果表明瑜伽是有效改善女大学生的体形和提高心肺功能的体育运动项目。 相似文献
14.
对田径、赛艇运动员下肢等负荷多组力量训练强度的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对43名2级以上运动员进行了50％／Fmax负重，20次／组，组间歇1min，共5组力量耐力测试。采集并测定安静和每组运动员练习后即刻的心率和血乳酸，测定了每一位受试对象每一次深蹲的蹲起速度。所有测试对象对该练习强度均产生较大的生理反应，血乳酸和心率在第2组练习后出现快速上升，蹲起速度则均表现出不同程度的下降趋势。不同专项运动员对等负荷多组力量耐力训练具有不同的反应，田径跳跃运动员对测试的强度表现出高的生理反应，心率和乳酸水平均达到或接近最大负荷极限，赛艇运动员介于中长跑和跳跃运动员之间，中长跑运动员的反应较低，心率一直保持在140次／min以下，血乳酸值在7mmol／L以下，并显示出典型的血乳酸“平衡状态”。 相似文献
15.
通过对自行车运动员和普通健康者的血液流变的测试及分析得出：（１）自行车运动员的最大吸氧量与运动后血细胞压积呈负相关；（２）自行车运动员和普通受试者运动后血乳酸同运动前后的某些血液流变性指标呈正相关。表明：血液流变性与最大有氧能力、运动后乳酸之间有一定关系。 相似文献
16.
最大乳酸稳定状态下足球运动员康科尼测试中个体无氧阈最大速度的选取及可靠性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究目的 :1)应用场地康科尼测试方法寻找足球运动员个体无氧阈最大速度的可行性 ;2 )分析康氏测试心率拐点与乳酸阈拐点对应的个体无氧阈最大速度之间的关系 ;3)测定最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,验证康氏测试个体无氧阈最大速度的可靠性。结果证明 ,在康氏测试中 85 %受试者都出现心率拐点 ,完成距离最短者心率拐点偏左、中长者居中、最长者偏右 ,相对应的乳酸阈速度正好低于心率拐点速度一个等级 ,但该两种速度之间并未出现不规则变化差异 ,且高度相关。选取康氏测试心率拐点速度进行 2 4 min匀速运动受试者平均乳酸值显示最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,表明可用于个体无氧阈最大速度 ,但大于 180次 / m in的心率拐点速度即已超过本人的个体无氧阈最大速度 相似文献
17.
This study investigated the effect of a 3-km walking test (3kWT) carrying different military equipment on shooting performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and test time. The relative combat wear and backpack weight (as percentage of soldier’s body weight [%BW]) was reported and, along with HR, its relationship to marksmanship variables was tested. Thirty-nine Spanish Army males walked as fast as possible to complete the 3kWT in the following conditions in a randomized order: unloaded walking; wearing the combat uniform; and carrying the combat uniform plus combat backpack. A shooting test was completed before and after the 3kWT. The HR and RPE were evaluated. The marksmanship variables and HR were analysed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and a repeated ANOVA was also used for 3kWT completion time and HR reserve analysis. Correlation analyses were performed between the equipment’s weight, HR, and marksmanship variables. The results showed that shooting score decreased after the 3kWT in both load conditions (p?r?=??0.35; p?=?0.04) and cleanness triggering (r?=?0.37; p?=?0.03). Correlations between HR and shooting variables were non-significant. In conclusion, wearing the Spanish Army combat wear and backpack resulted in shooting performance degradation. Furthermore, fatigue and RPE increased and this could decrease physical marksmanship and performance capacity in combat situations. 相似文献
18.
It is not known whether the seated or standing position favours performance during intensive bouts of uphill cycling. The following hypotheses were therefore tested: (1) the standing position results in better performance at a high power output, while (2) the seated position is best at a moderate power output. We also assessed the seated-standing transition intensity, above which seated cycling should be superseded by standing cycling for maximization of performance. Ten male cyclists (mean age 27 years, s = 3; height 1.82 m, s = 0.07; body mass 75.2 kg, s = 7.0; VO2max 70.0 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), s = 5.2) performed seated and standing treadmill cycling to exhaustion at 10% grade and at four power outputs ranging from 86% to 165% of their power output at maximal oxygen uptake (Wmax). Power output at maximal oxygen uptake was obtained during determination of VO2max. There was no difference in time to exhaustion between the two cycling positions at 86% of Wmax (P = 0.29). All participants performed best at the highest power output (165% of Wmax) when standing (P = 0.002). An overall seated-standing transition intensity of 94% of Wmax was identified. Thus, in general, cyclists may choose either the standing or seated position for maximization of performance at a submaximal intensity of 86% of Wmax, while the standing position should be used at intensities above 94% of Wmax and approaching 165% of Wmax. 相似文献
19.
Oar force and oar angle data resulting from a 6‐min maximal rowing ergometer test undertaken by novice (n = 9), good (n ‐ 23) and national (n = 9) level male rowers, were used to identify biomechanical performance variables which accurately discriminated between rowers of differing ability levels. The variables included two work capacity measures, mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass (W kg‐1) and propulsive work consistency (%), and two skill variables, stroke‐to‐stroke consistency (%) and stroke smoothness (%). Discriminant function analysis indicated the presence of two functions, both of which clearly indicated the importance of mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass as a discriminating variable. Function 2 gave greater weight to stroke‐to‐stroke consistency and stroke smoothness than function 1; however, function 1 was the most powerful discriminator. Classification procedures were used to predict the ability level to which a rower most likely belonged and involved defining the ‘distance’ between each rower and each ability level centroid, with the rower being classified into the ‘nearest’ ability level. These procedures indicated that 100% of the elite, 73.9% of the good, 88.9% of the novice and 82.9% of all rowers were correctly classified into their respective skill levels. Stepwise discriminant analysis included the variables in the following order: mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass, stroke‐to‐stroke consistency, stroke smoothness and propulsive work consistency (P < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that biomechanical performance variables related to rowing capacity and skill may be identified and used to discriminate accurately between rowers of differing skill levels, and that, of these variables, propulsive work consistency is the least effective discriminator. 相似文献
20.
目的探讨相对运动强度和绝对运动强度对血清酶活性变化的影响。实验方法受试者为急性心肌梗塞康复病人(PMIP)和正常人(HS) ,实验前后测定了他们血清乳酸脱氢酶(L DH)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶1(L DH- 1)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶亚单位MB(CK- MB)活性。结果两组受试者运动前酶的活性均无显著差异(P>0 .0 5 ) ;实验中,PMIP与HS的相对强度分别为最大心率的85 .1%、86 .0 % (P>0 .0 5 ) ,绝对强度分别为跑台等级的5 .3与6 .3(P<0 .0 5 ) ,PMIP与HS运动后即刻酶活性与运动前相比均有显著上升(P<0 .0 5 ) ,但两组间无显著差异(P>0 .0 5 ) ,2 4 h后HS组的酶活性基本恢复到运动前水平,但PMIP组仍高于运动前水平。结论运动后酶活性上升的幅度与运动所达到的相对强度有关;强度达85 % HRmax的运动能引起血清酶活性的升高,但此时L DH- 1/L DH和CK- MB/CK的比值与运动前相比无明显变化;如果PMIP的康复运动量等同于测试中的运动量,他们第2天似应停止活动以便能够得到充分的恢复。 相似文献