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1.
发展性阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读中的笔画数效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用识字量测试、拼音测试、阅读理解测试、正字法测试、快速命名测试五项测试任务从小学五年级120名学生和小学三年级132名学生中筛选出五年级11名阅读障碍生和三年级12名能力匹配生,利用眼动技术对汉语阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读过程的眼动特征及其视觉认知加工特点进行了初步探索。结果表明：两组被试在平均注视时间、平均眼跳幅度和总注视时间三项指标上均没有显著差异,在目标词的眼动指标上也差异不显著。两组被试均发现显著的笔画数效应。以上结果支持了发展性阅读障碍只是一般的发展落后的观点。 相似文献
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阅读是自主探究的过程。它将符号、文字、图片、图表等视觉材料转变为声音,通过听觉神经的刺激,使阅读者理解阅读材料。阅读的节奏是由阅读者自行调节的,这需要阅读者拥有一个特定的阅读环境。特别对小学生来说,他们自控能力差,外部环境的营造可以帮助他们深层次地沉浸于文本世界中。因此,为学生创设阅读的情境是语文教学的重要手段。 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在实验研究探讨汉语（第一语言）的语音意识和成人英语（第二语言）的听、说能力之间的关系。实验任务为汉语语音意识测量和英语假词快速朗读。其中汉语语音意识的测量包括4个维度：听觉声母意识、听觉韵母意识、听觉声调意识以及视觉音节意识。实验结果显示汉语的声母意识、韵母意识和音节意识分别对英语口语、英语听力和英语语音加工能力有一定的预测作用。这说明汉语的语音意识迁移到英语中并对英语的听说能力发展起着相当重要的作用。 相似文献
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何为阅读？阅读即是一个程序,是一种产品。它不只是从文字意义上获得含义。从心理语言学的角度来讲,阅读是一个作者编码和读者解码的过程。一般来说,阅读能力发展的初期,阅读活动都是用眼睛看到文字符号,大脑产生视觉形象,同时引起相应的高级神经发音动党中枢的活动。发音器官发出相应的语音,伴随着听觉活动,文字语音意义才能被理解或接受。但事实上,在阅读的过程中,不仅仅用眼睛感知文字符号所产生的视觉信息起作用,而且由大脑所提供的非视觉信息也同样起很大作用。非视觉信息包括阅读者全部知识结构的总和,即对所学语言国家的… 相似文献
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初级阶段外国留学生阅读能力的培养直接影响其日后汉语思维的塑造。从其重要性出发,对比初级阶段非成熟阅读者及高级阶段成熟阅读者的阅读行为,发现元认知能力差异导致差距存在,分析培养元认知能力的方式以提高留学生阅读水平。 相似文献
6.
汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉短时记忆特点研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本研究采用实验研究的方法,探讨了不同亚类型的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在视觉短时记忆上的特点,分别从不同的材料难度和目标刺激呈现时间上对各阅读障碍组与正常组的短时记忆准确率进行对比。结果表明:(1)阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童在视觉短时记忆上存在显著差异,并且随着材料复杂性的提高,阅读障碍儿童的缺陷表现的更明显。(2)目标刺激难度较小时,呈现时间较短(0.5s)时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;呈现时间较长时(1s和2s),叫组被试之间在记忆准确性上不存在显著差异。(3)目标刺激难度较大时,呈现时间短(0.5s),四组被试之间均不存在显著差异;呈现时间为1s时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;当刺激呈现时间增加至2s时,阅读理解能力差的被试,其记忆准确性显著低于阅读理解能力不差的被试。 相似文献
7.
本实验根据各个年级被试在字母的划消任务中的精确度和速度,将被试按不同的视觉注意能力水平划分为高低两组,通过测试这两组被试在出声朗读和默声阅读中的表现,来研究视觉注意能力对于阅读效率的影响,从而对视觉注意能力在信息加工过程的影响机制做进一步的分析。 相似文献
8.
为了解汉语儿童从图像到文字的早期阅读与读写发展过程的特点,本研究以257名2-6岁儿童为被试,研究了（1）2-6岁儿童图画阅读的眼动发展特点,图画信息获取能力和文字阅读能力的发展特点;（2）4-6岁儿童的汉字视觉解析能力发展状况;（3）4-6岁儿童汉字视觉表现能力发展阶段。从阅读的视觉关注,汉字知觉解析和汉字视觉表现三个层面论证了汉语儿童从图像到文字的早期阅读与读写发展过程,探索了汉语儿童早期阅读和读写的视觉认知关键点,揭示了汉语儿童早期阅读和读写发展的文化独特性。 相似文献
9.
对阅读能力的研究是阅读研究的核心问题之一.近年来,随着脑成像技术的发展成熟,研究者对阅读能力的脑机制问题进行了大量的研究,取得了重要进展.阅读加工主要由左侧颞枕区、颞顶区、颞叶中部和前额皮层所组成的神经网络协同完成.不同被试组的对照研究表明,左脑外侧裂区及颞枕、颞顶联合区在功能和结构上的差异可能是导致阅读能力出现个体差异的主要原因.而汉语阅读者的阅读能力还与左侧额中回有着独特的关系.此外,进行有针对性的行为训练可以引起大脑相应区域发生可塑性的变化并提高阅读能力.多学科的交叉融合将成为该研究领域未来的发展趋势. 相似文献
10.
非视觉信息可以弥补视觉信息的缺乏,因此阅读者应通过理解英语词汇的隐含意义、丰富西方文化背景知识、预测文章等非视觉信息的运用能力,提高英语阅读效率。 相似文献
11.
The present study reexamined the relevance of auditory and visual cross-modal matching to reading ability, an issue first addressed in a seminal study by Birch and Belmont (1964). By presenting all patterns to be matched as temporal sequences of tones and lights, including intramodal as well as cross-modal conditions, and covarying memory, three problems with the Birch and Belmont design were corrected. Results showed that poor readers had difficulty in perceiving temporal patterns generally: They did worse than good readers not only on cross-modal conditions but also on intramodal ones. These results were replicated in two tasks. Nonetheless, hierarchical regressions provided some indication that cross-modal abilities themselves are relevant to reading. For one of the two tasks, cross-modal performance contributed to the prediction of reading ability over and above intramodal performance. Poor readers also showed slower response times--a factor that contributed marginally to the prediction of reading independent of temporal processing. 相似文献
12.
Nathlie A. Badian 《Reading and writing》1993,5(1):87-100
This study examined differences between adequate and poor readers in phonemic awareness, rapid continuous and confrontation naming, and visual symbol processing. It also investigated which of these skills make independent contributions to word recognition, pseudoword reading, and reading comprehension. Subjects were 170 school referrals of average intelligence, aged 6 to 10 years. The strongest differentiators of adequate and poor readers, with IQ and reading experience controlled, were phonemic awareness, naming speed for letters and pictured objects, and visual symbol processing. Letter naming speed made the largest independent contribution to word recognition, phonemic awareness to pseudoword reading, and object naming speed to reading comprehension. Confrontation picture naming accounted for minimal variance in reading skills, when IQ was controlled. It was concluded that tasks of naming speed, phonemic awareness, and visual symbol processing are valuable components of a diagnostic battery when testing children with possible reading disability. 相似文献
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Nathlie A. Badian 《Reading and writing》1994,6(1):45-63
The rationale for the study was that if dyslexic and garden-variety poor readers differ in reading-related cognitive skills, there is justification for believing dyslexia to be a distinct entity. Subjects were 110 children aged 6 to 10 years, divided into groups of dyslexic poor readers varying in verbal IQ, garden-variety poor readers, and good readers. Findings suggest that there are valid grounds for believing that dyslexia is a separate entity from garden-variety poor reading, and that it is found among children at all verbal IQ levels. Poor phonological awareness and nonword reading, in relation to normal readers, were shared by dyslexic and garden-variety poor readers. Deficits unique to dyslexic poor readers were problems in both automatic visual recognition and phonological recoding of graphic stimuli. The study supports the phonological-core variable-difference model of Stanovich (1988) in that both dyslexic and garden-variety poor readers showed phonological processing deficits, but they were more extensive in dyslexics. 相似文献
15.
We used structural equation modeling to investigate sources of individual differences in oral reading fluency in a transparent orthography, Russian. Phonological processing, orthographic processing, and rapid automatized naming were used as independent variables, each derived from a combination of two scores: phonological awareness and pseudoword repetition, spelling and orthographic choice, and rapid serial naming of letters and digits, respectively. The contribution of these to oral text-reading fluency was evaluated as a direct relationship and via two mediators, decoding accuracy and unitized reading, measured with a single-word oral reading test. The participants were “good” and “poor” readers, i.e., those with reading skills above the 90th and below the 10th percentiles (n = 1344, grades 2–6, St. Petersburg, Russia). In both groups, orthographic processing skills significantly contributed to fluency and unitized reading, but not to decoding accuracy. Phonological processing skills did not contribute directly to reading fluency in either group, while contributing to decoding accuracy and, to a lesser extent, to unitized reading. With respect to the roles of decoding accuracy and unitized reading, the results for good and poor readers diverged: in good readers, unitized reading, but not decoding accuracy, was significantly related to reading fluency. For poor readers, decoding accuracy (measured as pseudoword decoding) was related to reading fluency, but unitized reading was not. These results underscore the importance of orthographic skills for reading fluency even in an orthography with consistent phonology-to-orthography correspondences. They also point to a qualitative difference in the reading strategies of good and poor readers. 相似文献
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Valdois Sylviane Bosse Marie-Line Ans B. Carbonnel S. Zorman Michel David D. Pellat Jacques 《Reading and writing》2003,16(6):541-572
The present study describes two Frenchteenagers with developmental reading andwriting impairments whose performance wascompared to that of chronological age andreading age matched non-dyslexic participants.Laurent conforms to the pattern of phonologicaldyslexia: he exhibits a poor performance inpseudo-word reading and spelling, producesphonologically inaccurate misspellings butreads most exception words accurately. Nicolas,in contrast, is poor in reading and spelling ofexception words but is quite good atpseudo-word spelling, suggesting that hesuffers from surface dyslexia and dysgraphia.The two participants were submitted to anextensive battery of metaphonological tasks andto two visual attentional tasks. Laurentdemonstrated poor phonemic awareness skills butgood visual processing abilities, while Nicolasshowed the reverse pattern with severedifficulties in the visual attentional tasksbut good phonemic awareness. The presentresults suggest that a visual attentionaldisorder might be found to be associated withthe pattern of developmental surface dyslexia.The present findings further show thatphonological and visual processing deficits candissociate in developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
18.
The present study investigated the relationship between the reading comprehension and information processing strategies of relatively fluent oral readers of Oriya orthography. The study was necessary, because Oriya orthography has some significant differences from English orthography and these differences could bear implications for the reading strategies and processes. Hence, it was envisaged that findings in the field of reading research using English orthography may not hold good for the readers of Oriya orthography. One hundred students of grade V were taken as subjects in the present study. Reading comprehension tasks simultaneous and successive information processing tasks and a nonverbal measure of intelligence were administered to all the subjects. Results show that good comprehenders were relatively more intelligent than the poor comprehenders. So far as their performance on simultaneous and successive information processing strategies were concerned good cornprehenders were better off on both types of coding tasks and these differences were found to be statistically significant even after the effect of intelligence was partialled out. However, no differential proficiency on either of these coding strategies was observed neither for the good nor for the poor comprehender group. 相似文献
19.
The role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Catts HW Gillispie M Leonard LB Kail RV Miller CA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(6):509-524
This study investigated the role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement. Measures of response time in motor, visual, lexical, grammatical, and phonological tasks were administered to 279 children in third grade. Measures of rapid object naming, phonological awareness, and reading achievement were given in second and fourth grades. Reading group comparisons indicated that poor readers were proportionally slower than good readers across response time measures and on the rapid object naming task. These results suggest that some poor readers have a general deficit in speed of processing and that their problems in rapid object naming are in part a reflection of this deficit. Hierarchical regression analyses further showed that when considered along with IQ and phonological awareness, speed of processing explained unique variance in reading achievement. This finding suggests that a speed of processing deficit may be an "extraphonological" factor in some reading disabilities. 相似文献
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Good and poor readers at the junior high school level and good and poor spellers at the university level were compared on their ability to produce words in response to a semantic cue (a category name), a visual cue (three letters), and an auditory cue (a syllable rime). Kindergarten children were tested on a word-identification task and their retrieval of words in response to the semantic and auditory cues. At all ages, poor readers or spellers produced fewer words on all word-retrieval tasks than did good readers or spellers. Performance on the auditory and visual word-retrieval tasks correlated very highly with pseudoword reading and spelling ability in the two older groups; in the kindergarten children, auditory retrieval correlated with word identification. The results suggest that poor readers have not organized words in long-term memory according to rhyming families but that good readers have. We speculate that failure to retrieve rhyming words during acquisition of reading and spelling skills underlies the failure of poor readers and spellers to abstract the higher-order relationships between orthography and phonology. 相似文献