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1.
《高等教育研究与发展》2012,31(1):101-114
In order to bring teaching and research together, a fuller understanding of how academics conceptualise research and scholarship is needed. The paper discusses different ways in which research and scholarship are conceptualised and then provides two alternative models of the relationship between teaching and research based on different conceptions of teaching and different ideas about the nature of knowledge. The paper suggests that if the relationship between teaching and research is to be enhanced it is necessary to move towards a model based on the notion of academic communities of practice. The implications for higher education of doing this are then examined. It is argued that there is a need to reconceptualise the role of higher education and to renegotiate relationships between teachers and students. 相似文献
2.
Angela Brew 《高等教育研究与发展》2003,22(1):3-18
In order to bring teaching and research together, a fuller understanding of how academics conceptualise research and scholarship is needed. The paper discusses different ways in which research and scholarship are conceptualised and then provides two alternative models of the relationship between teaching and research based on different conceptions of teaching and different ideas about the nature of knowledge. The paper suggests that if the relationship between teaching and research is to be enhanced it is necessary to move towards a model based on the notion of academic communities of practice. The implications for higher education of doing this are then examined. It is argued that there is a need to reconceptualise the role of higher education and to renegotiate relationships between teachers and students. 相似文献
3.
刘长贵 《南京晓庄学院学报》2007,23(5):58-60
《中国近现代史纲要》是高校思想政治理论课中的一门新课。课程的教学没有现成的经验可循,只能在实践中不断探索。处理好该课程教学中存在着的几对主要关系,有利于更好地实现课程目标:处理好"史与论的关系"、"主与次的关系"、"显与隐的关系",能实现教法的优化;处理好"客与主的关系"、"讲与议的关系"能实现学法的优化;处理好"知与行的关系"能实现实践法的优化。根据需要灵活地处理好这几对关系,使教学手段围绕教学目标有机组合,可以更好地提高课程教学的实效性。 相似文献
4.
David Smith 《Higher Education Quarterly》2001,55(2):131-157
Collaboration in research activity is now the rule not the exception. It is encouraged by government, funding bodies and research councils. However, the concept of collaboration is difficult to define. It occurs at many different levels, driven by a complex research system-policy dynamic. Three different models of collaboration – inter-personal, team and corporate – are identified, each with their own rationale, structure, benefits and costs. The paper examines the institutional implications of these models. It argues that institutions and individual researchers conceptualise and operationalise research collaboration in different ways. Although vital to institutional mission, collaborative research is rarely mapped by senior managers with any precision. In general, institutional approaches to the management of collaborative research lag behind the policy rhetoric. The paper concludes with an overview of the key dilemmas for institutional strategists and policy makers posed by the shift towards more collaborative approaches to research. 相似文献
5.
The literature demonstrates that stress in the working life of academics has increased over recent years. However, qualitative research on how academics cope with this is very scarce. Using online interviewing with thematic analysis, this paper examines how 31 academics in a post-92 predominantly teaching-focused UK university cope with the stressors of work. An innovation was to ask about both positive and negative experiences at work unlike most stress research which focuses only on negatives. Six themes emerged from the data; administrative loads, coping with stress at work, task preferences, the academic role, and positive and negative feelings around research/scholarship and thoughts around leaving academia. Increases in student numbers, being able to spend less time with students, heavy workloads, increasing administration, poor management, funding cuts and government initiatives threatening the future of education, obtaining research funding, and increasing insecurity of academic posts were all stressors. Positives identified included satisfaction gained from teaching students, support from colleagues, relative autonomy at work and the ability to manage their time more effectively were perceived as factors that can moderate some of the negative consequences of work stress. Overall, academics reported being happy at work because of the satisfaction gained from teaching and research. 相似文献
6.
Delia Baskerville 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2011,27(1):107-115
Educational research highlights the importance of positive teacher student relationships and recommends teachers adopt teaching strategies that are more culturally inclusive, and allow for reciprocal teaching and learning where student prior knowledge is legitimized. Participants in this study experienced such an approach. Through a storytelling process they fostered empathy, compassion, tolerance and respect for difference. This paper introduces four interrelated factors that enhanced participant understanding of themselves, others and cultural perspectives: developing the ways of working, establishing a caring supportive environment, privileging student voice through personal stories, and enhancing participant connectedness and relationship change. These results have potential relevance for teachers and teacher educators who face the challenge of catering for the learning needs of culturally diverse students in their classrooms. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTDuring their doctoral studies, students undergo an emotionally and intellectually intensive process involving a wide range of positive and negative experiences. This article analyses PhD students’ perceptions of the most positive and negative experiences related to doctoral study conditions. Previous researchers have primarily focused on analysing experiences that negatively affect doctoral work and have related these experiences to institutional, social and individual variables. However, little is known regarding positive experiences and how both positive and negative experiences are interpreted and related to variables connected with doctoral study, such as discipline, funding, enrolment type, and the stage of the doctoral process. In total, 1173 doctoral students from 56 Spanish universities completed an open-ended online survey. The findings indicate that opportunities for PhD students to communicate their scientific advances, receive expert feedback and interact with other researchers have a high positive influence on their doctoral journey. However, funding difficulties, particularly for students in the social sciences, and relationships with the research community, principally with the supervisor, were perceived as the main negative challenges. Experiences related to research design, data collection and analysis were perceived either negatively – primarily for mid-level students – or positively. These results should be considered in future doctoral programme policies to determine when, how and why to provide specific support during the doctoral process. 相似文献
8.
The relationships between federal research funding and institutional commitments and characteristics are assumed to be at certain levels, but such assumptions appear to be founded mainly upon subjective observations. This study examined the relationships between federal research funding and the following institutional characteristics: institutional research funds; doctors, masters, first professional, and bachelor's degrees awarded; and graduate, first professional, and undergraduate student headcount. Data was gathered from 60 research performing universities for fiscal year 1975. Multiple regression, simple correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to ascertain the strength of the relationships. Results showed that doctor's degrees awarded and institutional research funds possessed the strongest correlations to federal research funding, with doctorates being the strongest relationship at private institutions and institutional research funds the strongest relationship at public institutions. 相似文献
9.
This study aimed to investigate the factors accounting for science teaching self-efficacy and to examine the relationships among Taiwanese teachers’ science teaching self-efficacy, teaching and learning conceptions, technological–pedagogical content knowledge for the Internet (TPACK-I), and attitudes toward Internet-based instruction (Attitudes) using a mediational model approach. A total of 233 science teachers from 41 elementary schools in Taiwan were invited to take part in the study. After ensuring the validity and reliability of each questionnaire, the results indicated that each measure had satisfactory validity and reliability. Furthermore, through mediational models, the results revealed that TPACK-I and Attitudes mediated the relationship between teaching and learning conceptions and science teaching self-efficacy, suggesting that (1) knowledge of and attitudes toward Internet-based instruction (KATII) mediated the positive relationship between constructivist conceptions of teaching and learning and outcome expectancy, and that (2) KATII mediated the negative correlations between traditional conceptions of teaching and learning and teaching efficacy. 相似文献
10.
For a long time, there has been a tradition in China of experienced teachers helping beginning teachers. This empirical school study investigates the kinds of support that are provided by eight dyads of mentoring teacher and first‐year secondary school teachers in Guangzhou of southern China and the major factors affecting mentoring support. In addition, this research focuses on the professional development of first‐year teachers in areas of subject knowledge, student, teaching and classroom management. The findings reveal that mentors provide four forms of support: provision of information, mutual lesson observation, collaborative lesson preparation and discussion in the office. Factors affecting mentoring support include teaching workload, grade and subject, style of mentor–protégé interactions, relationships between mentor and mentee, incentives for the mentors, and collegial culture in the case study schools. It is notable that there are positive and negative developments perceived by the protégé and the foci of mentoring tend to be the teaching of content rather than curriculum and pedagogy. 相似文献
11.
Polly Haste 《Sex education》2013,13(5):522-534
This paper analyses data from a focus group conducted with a group of female pupils aged 13–14 to re-examine the assumption that pupils' negative assessments of sex and relationship education (SRE) should be understood only as a reflection of inadequate teaching. Focusing on the emotional aspects of their accounts, and the inconsistencies in their efforts to present a collective story of SRE, findings suggest that there are other ways in which such accounts can be read. Drawing on insights from psychoanalytic theory concerning the emotional aspects of learning and the teacher–pupil relationship, it is suggested that these accounts can also be understood as a result of transference. Using psychoanalytic understandings of the role of sexual learning in adolescence, findings reveal that pupils' relationships to SRE are complex and need to be understood as being tied up with internal struggles and anxieties about their own sexual development. This reading is presented as an additional perspective for teachers and is one that would benefit from further exploration. 相似文献
12.
《British Journal of Special Education》1988,15(2):65-71
Handwriting is a skill which must be taught. The aim in teaching handwriting is for each child to develop a personal style which remains legible at speed. This objective requires the systematic teaching of handwriting. Teachers need to ascertain what are the important factors to consider when teaching handwriting and how to assess pupil performance. Chris Bailey reviews research on some of the factors affecting writing – pencil grip, finger pressure, writing implements and writing paper – and the literature relating to the assessment of legibility and speed. The author is headteacher of a primary school in the London Borough of Enfield. 相似文献
13.
对高校教学与科研之间关系的思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
教学和科研具有相互促进的关系，但是相对于科研对教学的促进而言，教学对科研的促进作用不是那么明确和直接。教学和科研之间的这种辩证关系要求我们合理安排高校的教学和科研工作。对于那些“学术精英＂-，我们要适当减轻他们的教学任务，而对于那些在教学工作上有1．天赋的老师，我们要通过激励机制的改革，使这些老师能够安心地从事教学工作。 相似文献
14.
While there is an increasing demand of academics to do more teaching, research and community service, there is also increasing pressure to improve the quality of such work. The emerging dilemma between increasing the quantity and quality of academic work and its implications are the focus of this paper. Academic work appears to be taken for granted by administrators as it is rarely defined in contracts, either quantitatively or qualitatively. In this paper the complexity of the relationships between quantity and quality of academic work is analysed in terms of relevant concepts and processes. It is argued that the achievement of higher quality in academic work requires a better understanding of the factors involved by academics, administrators and the funding bodies responsible for higher education. 相似文献
15.
Marjory Ebbeck Geraldine Lian Choo Teo Cynthia Tan Mandy Goh 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2014,42(2):115-123
In most countries the funding for early childhood education has increased and governments in some countries have taken serious steps to bring about positive change in the profession. However, the increase in funding by governments and other funding organisations around the world has, understandably, attracted increased accountability as these organisations need to know that their financial investments are achieving desired outcomes. To seek evidence that positive learning outcomes have indeed been achieved through these investments is a reasonable request, and there is a shared responsibility and accountability for professionals to provide appropriate evidence. The downside, however, can be the request for standardised test information, as if performance on such tests provides proof of all desired outcomes. More than ever before, it is important for early childhood educators to be able to provide accurate, objective information about children’s assessment in ways other than by standardised testing, which may not reflect the complex reality of children’s lives. This paper reports on a research study in Singapore that investigated curriculum effectiveness using developmental learning outcomes as a means of assessing children. The research was devised to examine if eight specified broad developmental learning outcomes could measure the effectiveness of the curriculum by assessing children’s learning as shown in qualitative data. Practical examples showed evidence of children’s learning and the role of the educator in facilitating and documenting developmental learning outcomes. 相似文献
16.
JONATHAN GLAZZARD 《Support for Learning》2011,26(2):56-63
This study examined the barriers to inclusion in one primary school in the north of England. Qualitative data were collected from teachers and teaching assistants through the use of a focus group. The evidence suggested that practices within the school were varied and ranged from highly inclusive to highly exclusive. Some teachers worked in good faith to develop effective inclusion for learners with special educational needs. Conversely, other teachers displayed negative attitudes towards these pupils and this impacted negatively on the school's commitment to inclusion. Lack of funding, resources and training were identified as key barriers to inclusion. Parental resistance to inclusion was also evident within the context of this school and there was a strong feeling that the inclusion agenda was problematic in the context of the standards agenda. Despite these issues there was a strong sense that practitioners should be willing to commit to the principles of inclusive education and the study considers some ways in which schools can advance their practice in this respect. Within this study the term ‘practitioner’ is used to represent teachers and teaching assistants. 相似文献
17.
Teaching and research: Establishing the vital link with learning 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Much time and effort has gone into trying to demonstrate an empirical link between research activity and teaching performance. In general, the correlations between these factors have been shown to be low. This paper argues that the attempt to find such a link will always be confounded by different conceptions of the two enterprises. The debate about the relationships between teaching and research as presently conceived is not fruitful. It there is a link between the two it operates through that which teaching and research have in common; both are concerned with the act of learning, though in different contexts. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on the ways in which knowledge is generated and communicated. Those aspects of teaching which lead to learning and the learning which occurs through research provide the vital link. This is important if the debate is to progress beyond a political defence of the status quo and be of practical use to considerations of whether, in higher education, teaching without research is to be encouraged. 相似文献
18.
大学教师对于教学与科研关系的认识和处理调查研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究通过对国内五所有代表性的高校691名教师的问卷调查,探讨了大学教师对教学与科研关系的认识、处理及影响因素等问题。结果表明:教师持有建构主义的教学观和客观主义的科研观;教学与科研在多个维度上存有性质上的差异;教师普遍认为教学与科研呈正相关,但教学对科研的促进作用小于科研对教学的促进作用;影响教学与科研关系的主要因素是学校与院系的政策与制度,而目前这种组织制度迫使教师不得不改变自身的信念,认可教学与科研的分离。 相似文献
19.
In Continuous Education curricula in Spain, the programs on sciences of the environment are aimed toward understandings of
sustainability. Teaching practice rarely leaves the classroom for outdoor field studies. At the same time, teaching practice
is generally focused on examples of how human activities are harmful for ecosystems. From a pedagogic point of view, it is
less effective to teach environmental science with negative examples such as catastrophe, tragedy, and crisis. Rather, teaching
environmental sciences and sustainable development might be focused on positive human-environment relationships, which is
both important for the further development of students and educators. Within rural settings, there are many such examples
of positive relationships that can be emphasized and integrated into the curriculum. In this article, we propose teaching
environmental sciences through immersion in rural cultural life. We discuss how fieldwork serves as a learning methodology.
When students are engaged through research with traditional cultural practices of environmental management, which is a part
of the real and traditional culture of a region, they better understand how positive pedagogy instead of pedagogy structured
around how not-to-do examples, can be used to stimulate the interactions between humans and the environment with their students.
In this way, cultural goods serve as teaching resources in science and environmental education. What we present is authentic
cases where adults involved in a course of Continuous Education explore ‘environmentally-friendly’ practices of traditional
agriculture in Asturias (north of Spain), employing methodologies of cultural studies. 相似文献
20.
This study investigated the relations between teachers’ emotions in teaching and their approaches to teaching in individual
courses. It is derived from two fields of study that have hitherto been largely unconnected in higher education. While the
research literature shows (a) a range of variables are related to the teaching approaches that teachers adopt and that these
approaches are related to the quality of their students’ learning, and (b) that the emotional experience of teachers is an
important factor in teaching, no studies have been reported on the connections between emotions and approaches in teaching
in higher education. Two self-report questionnaires: the Approach to Teaching Inventory-Revised and the Emotions in Teaching
Inventory, were completed by a sample of 175 Australian higher education teachers. The results suggest that there are significant
relations between the ways teachers emotionally experience the context of teaching and the ways they approach their teaching,
with positive emotions being associated with student-focused teaching approaches and negative emotions with transmission approaches.
The relations help explain why new teaching strategies may not be successful or not even adopted. 相似文献