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The main purpose of this study is to analyze whether a digital divide exists among European Union (EU) members, new members, and candidate countries. Beyond this, the second goal is to find out if a digital divide has a significant association with the process of becoming an EU member. First, member, new member, and candidate countries are classified into three groups, and MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) is applied to determine differences among these groups in terms of Information Society levels. Then, Information Society variables are analyzed using Discriminant Analysis. According to the results of the research, there is a significant level of digital divide in the EU and a certain information society level currently is not associated with EU membership. The EU must address the digital divide among member countries if they are to become a close-knit community, and to continue to be one of the most competitive economic powers in the world. Finaly, the EU might consider using information society level as an objective criteria along with other objective and subjective criteria currently being used as EU membership criteria. 相似文献
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《Library & information science research》2014,36(3-4):211-224
Being faced with significant budget cuts and continual pressure to do more with less, issues of efficiency and effectiveness became a priority for local governments in most countries. In this context, benchmarking is widely acknowledged as a powerful tool for local performance management and for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of local service delivery. Performance benchmarking exercises are regularly carried out using ratio analysis, by comparing single indicators. Since this approach offers only limited assessments in absolute terms, it is difficult for decision-makers to track and improve overall performance. Therefore, the use of non-parametric frontier methods, namely free disposal hull (FDH) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is presented as an alternative technique for benchmarking the performance of organizations in relative terms. The potential applications and strengths of these non-parametric frontier methods for benchmarking the efficiency of local public services are highlighted by applying FDH and DEA techniques to the local public libraries in Flanders. Incorporating all possible paths of expansion – both in space and in time – enables a focus on sustainability within efficiency benchmarking. 相似文献
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世界各国家和地区间数字鸿沟的测度与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章利用2000至2009年的固话普及率、移动电话普及率和互联网普及率三个指标的数据,借助基尼系数法、绝对差距法和相对差距法三种方法计算了世界各国家和地区间的数字鸿沟状况及其变化趋势。研究发现,世界各国家和地区间的信息化发展极不均衡,信息化发展先进国家和落后国家之间的数字鸿沟差距还在进一步扩大,中国在全球信息化发展中处于中游的位置。 相似文献
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Inger Brännström Author Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2012,29(1):60-67
The Beijing World Conference on Women held in 1995 by the United Nations member states, approved strategies for improving women's access to and use of new communication technologies. The aim of this paper is to retrieve official statistics for the years 2000-2008 with regard to sex differences, gender and digital divide (specifically concerning telecommunication technologies) in two low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya and Somalia. This paper reveals that official statistics on sex discrepancies and, the gender divide regarding access, use and benefits of telecommunications are still almost totally lacking for the countries in view. However, the digital divide is successively closing, and the telecommunication process in Kenya was quite rapid at the end of the period. Official statistics from Somalia are difficult to comprehend due to the absence of official data and a lack of evidence-based knowledge. Fifteen years after the Beijing Conference in 1995 there is still a lack of comprehensive statistics regarding new communication technologies for low-income economies such as Kenya and Somalia. 相似文献
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The digital-by-default policy for government services implemented in many European countries can pose challenges to marginalized citizens, such as people with disabilities. Prior research on electronic inclusion and the digital divide has mainly considered technology-related concerns, such as Internet anxiety, preventing people with disabilities from using digital government services. Yet, these concerns may insufficiently account for the fact that people with disabilities may suspect that governments provide new services only to reduce costs and forgo the need for more meaningful social change. Therefore, we draw from stigma power theory to understand how perceptions of stereotyping and discrimination contribute to the avoidance of digital government services among people with disabilities. Our results indicate that overcoming underutilization of digital government services among people with disabilities requires a holistic approach by addressing technology-related as well as stigma-related concerns. 相似文献
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透过国外应对措施看全国文化信息资源共享工程在缩小数字鸿沟中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着信息技术的快速发展,数字鸿沟引起的危害性日益凸显。世界各国高度重视数字鸿沟问题,纷纷采取立法、吸纳社会基金等措施,努力消除其带来的负面影响。在我国,全国文化信息资源共享工程的实施,对于维护信息公平,打破落后的恶性循环,以知识和信息促发展、促和谐,起到了不可替代的重要作用。 相似文献
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《资料收集管理》2013,38(3-4):327-330
SUMMARY The electronic resources (ER) librarian has a social responsibility to be knowledgeable about the digital divide. Discourse on the digital divide began in the mid-1990s and continues today. Data analysis reveals that divides still exist, particularly when considering income, education, region, disability, age, and race. Librarians face many challenges to take on the digital divide. These challenges include issues of access, content, technical literacy, privacy, civic participation, education, employment, non-use, and political debate. Yet for each challenge, there is an opportunity for the ER librarians to thrive while they face down the digital divide. 相似文献
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Michael Kasusse 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):147-158
A study was conducted in 2002/2003 to investigate and assess the strategies of bridging the digital divide in Uganda. Data were collected qualitatively using semi-structured interviews. The study focused in depth on a relatively small sample of people concerned with the digital divide. Data was analysed using the grounded theory approach. Three categories of players in the digital divide emerged from the data, namely information workers, business entrepreneurs and policy makers. Finally the concept that emerged from the analysis pointed directly to the information workers, which suggests that the National Library and other information centres are valuable in bridging the digital divide in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some implications of the study areas for further research are highlighted. 相似文献
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国际图联关于“世界知识产权组织未来发展日内瓦宣言”的立场(2004年9月28日) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国际图联(IFLA)对《世界知识产权组织未来日内瓦宣言》表示认可和欢迎。国际图联迫切要求世界知识产权组织对于知识产权法的不平衡、信息垄断、技术保护措施、数字鸿沟加大,以及自由贸易协定等问题予以陈述和表态,并力劝其针对世界范围的知识产权问题,考虑发达国家和发展中国家的不同需要,采取全新步骤。参考文献4。 相似文献
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The role of IT literacy in defining digital divide policy needs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article expands our current understanding of the digital divide by examining differences in individuals' IT skills acquisition. In the last two decades scholars have gradually refined the conceptualization of the digital divide, moving from a dichotomous model mainly based on access, to a multidimensional model accounting for differences in usage levels and actors' perspectives. Digital divide views tend to focus on groups of users and user characteristics and focus less on different processes of use. As models of the digital divide became more complex, research focused on deepening the understanding of demographic and socioeconomic differences between adopters and non-adopters. While IT literacy is an important factor in digital divide research, and studies examine user characteristics with respect to IT literacy, few studies make the process of basic IT literacy acquisition their main focal point (Selwyn, 2005). This perspective furthers our thinking by expanding the notion of user characteristics beyond demographic and socioeconomic differences to differences in the processes leading to internet use. Based on a dataset referring to an Italian region, this paper presents a metaphorical interpretation of the digital divide in general and explores the process of IT skills acquisition in particular. Our analysis shows the key role of self-learning and the presence of three distinct approaches in IT skills acquisition leading to different needs in terms of policy. We argue that these preliminary results are a useful starting point for the design of more effective and sophisticated digital inclusion policies. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]探究城乡数字鸿沟在城市化过程中的影响,针对缩小城乡数字鸿沟、消除其对我国城市化进程的影响提出合理化建议。[方法/过程]用相关分析法对贵州省近几年的城乡数字鸿沟水平和城市化发展水平之间的相关性进行检验,通过问卷调查和深度访谈在贵州省城乡搜集第一手数据,并用描述统计法和内容分析法分析数据,探寻城乡数字鸿沟现状和影响因素,探讨其在城市化进程中产生的现实影响。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,目前贵州省的城乡数字鸿沟仍然较为显著,城乡消费水平差距越大,城乡数字鸿沟越大,且城乡数字鸿沟的存在会阻碍城市化发展进程。 相似文献
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Sabina Lissitsa 《亚洲交流杂志》2015,25(5):447-464
This study examines the digital divide between the Jewish majority and Arab minority in Israeli society as manifested by Internet access and patterns of use. The goals of this paper were to examine the digital divide between these two groups and to identify the factors that influence these gaps. The study is based on data from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics Annual Social Survey, collected in 2011 through face-to-face interviews of 5872 interviewees aged 20–65 years. Jews were found to have an advantage over Arabs in terms of Internet access and in terms of the two types of uses: capital-enhancing and recreational. Our important conclusion is that, theoretically, with background variables being the same, the first-level digital divide between Jews and Arabs can be considered closed; in contrast, the second-level digital divide remains even if human resources in both groups are the same. This gives reason to assume that beyond the impact of human resources, the second-level digital divide between Jews and Arabs originated from their cultural background. Israeli Arabs are a unique minority indigenous group with two affinities – to Israeli modern society (because of citizenship) and to the Arab traditional world (because of their religious and cultural roots). Closing digital gaps requires changes in basic social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Arab sector on the individual level, i.e., personal motivation, as well as on the community level, including collective sociocultural preferences. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 数字包容是减小数字鸿沟的重要路径,研究英国政府数字包容战略的内容、实施和结果,为我国实施数字包容战略提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 采用文献资料调研法和案例分析法,对英国数字包容战略内容、实施结果及我国数字鸿沟的成因及现状进行详细分析。[结果/结论] 我国可以将数字包容上升到国家战略,深入调研数字排斥原因、创新数字包容方法路径、分层次分步骤实施、科学评价实施效果5个方面来实现我国的数字包容。 相似文献
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Mamathole Margaret Lediga 《Public Library Quarterly》2018,37(3):296-305
ABSTRACTThe information and knowledge society has resulted in the exponential growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs), thus creating a gap between those who use ICTs and those who do not; hence the emergence of the term “digital divide” in the 1990s. One of the milestones of South Africa’s National Development Plan, a policy that charts the country’s development up until 2030, is to ensure that high-speed broadband internet is universally available at competitive prices. Notwithstanding the importance of ICTs in public libraries, the provision of such is still taking place on a limited scale in South Africa. This article investigates the use of ICTs in public libraries in South Africa as a tool in bridging the digital divide. It also examines the inequalities in access and use and suggests ways in which ICTs may be used to reduce the digital divide. A qualitative research methodology was adopted. In order for public libraries to function as an important tool in bridging the digital divide, there is a need to standardize the provision of public library services with regard to the digital divide. 相似文献
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There are recent indications regarding the use of online public services that force the government to focus on the more refined conceptualizations digital divide research has produced. This paper addresses one of the factors that appears to be important in several conceptualizations of how to approach the digital divide; the differential possession of so-called digital skills. The problem of being short of skills becomes urgent when governments suppose that citizens are able to complete about every task on the Internet. Operational definitions for operational, formal, information and strategic skills are used to measure the Internet skills of the Dutch population at large, by giving 109 subjects nine government related assignments to be accomplished on the Internet. Subjects were recruited following a two step approach; randomly select a sample from the book/list of fixed telephony subscribers, followed by drawing a selective quota sample for the strata of gender, age and educational level. The results indicate that on average 80% of the operational skill Internet tasks, 72% of formal Internet skills tasks, 62% of the information Internet skills tasks and 22% of strategic Internet skills tasks assigned have been successfully completed. The Dutch government's expectation that every citizen with an Internet connection is able to complete the assignments following tasks the government thinks every Internet user can perform, clearly is not justified. The article provides two types of policy recommendations to change this state of affairs. Recommendations for improving government websites and for improving the skill levels of Dutch citizens are suggested. 相似文献
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文章利用2000至2010年固话普及率、移动电话普及率和互联网普及率三个指标的数据,借助基尼系数法、绝对差距法和相对差距法三种方法计算了我国大陆地区各省、市、自治区和东中西三大区域间的数字鸿沟状况及其变化趋势。研究发现,我国大陆地区数字鸿沟的绝对差距还很大,但相对差距有了较大的改观。大陆地区的数字鸿沟主要来自于东部和中西部之间的差异,而三大区域内部的数字鸿沟并不大。 相似文献
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党的十九大报告提出“老有所养”“加快老龄事业和产业发展”的要求.在信息化时代为老年人提供各类特色服务,已经成为我国应对人口老龄化问题的重点工作.但老年群体在获取网络信息、使用信息科技能力上相对落后,在利用数字资源参与公共生活方面明显存在差距.如何弥合“银色数字鸿沟”以提升老年人生活质量已成为重要议题.本文系统梳理国内外... 相似文献
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Maryam Dilmaghani 《The Communication Review》2018,21(3):181-211
The digital divide refers to the differential patterns of Internet access adoption and usage across different segments of populations. The digital divide has been linked to demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic characteristics such as education and income. Using a nationally representative Canadian survey (N = 27,223) conducted in 2013, this paper investigates whether religiosity has an independent effect on the digital divide, accounting for the previously validated predictors of Internet use. Religiosity is found to negatively associate with Internet access and activity, controlling for a large set of characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education, and income. The religiosity-related gaps in the usage patterns appear to indicate lifestyle differences for those without any tie with religion compared with the individuals of average religiosity. For the very religious, the gaps indicate that they utilize the Internet for social networking less than others. Various implications are discussed. 相似文献