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1.
大学创业生态系统是促进学术创业和创业教育实现良性可持续发展的基石,但构建大学创业生态系统仍缺乏理论指导。本文兼顾组织和制度层面,采用一个双元分析框架,对芬兰阿尔托大学和瑞典隆德大学两所大学案例进行深入分析,在理论上提出大学创业生态系统的架构与构建路径,深化大学创业生态系统的研究。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(9):104667
The role of regional governments in fostering opportunity entrepreneurship has received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. Drawing on research on entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE), this study provides a more analytical and holistic account of the supportive role of regional governments in underdeveloped institutional environments and their interactions with other key elements in regional EEs. I propose that in underdeveloped institutional environments, a regional government which is able to perform its core function of delivering public and social services is positively associated with the growth of opportunity entrepreneurship. This effect becomes stronger in regions with more market-based economies, higher education institutions (HEIs), an entrepreneurial culture, and social entrepreneurship. Empirical results based on entrepreneurship data at the provincial level in China between 1993 and 2013 provide strong support for the hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature on EE by providing more systematic evidence from underdeveloped institutional environments, and has policy implications for promoting opportunity entrepreneurship. 相似文献
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大型企业积极开展多种形式的创业活动促进了社会经济发展并引起广泛关注,然而公司创业情境下,孵化企业如何整合多方资源构建服务生态系统还缺乏研究。本文基于资源编排理论,选取浪潮集团孵化的数字化企业进行纵向案例分析,探究公司创业情境下孵化企业服务生态系统的构建机制。研究发现：（1）孵化企业服务生态系统呈现企业—客户双向互动、企业—直接利益相关者多线联动、企业—广泛社会参与者系统协同的动态演进特征。（2）母体企业逐步发挥强资源扶持、平衡式资源支持和弱资源辅助作用,孵化企业依据发展阶段和所处情境进行资源编排的有效组合,促进服务生态系统的快速构建与发展演化。本研究丰富和拓展了服务生态系统理论与公司创业理论,对公司创业活动下的生态系统建设具有指导意义。 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104380
The role of regional governments in fostering opportunity entrepreneurship has received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. Drawing on research on entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE), this study provides a more analytical and holistic account of the supportive role of regional governments in underdeveloped institutional environments and their interactions with other key elements in regional EEs. I propose that in underdeveloped institutional environments, a regional government which is able to perform its core function of delivering public and social services is positively associated with the growth of opportunity entrepreneurship. This effect becomes stronger in regions with more market-based economies, higher education institutions (HEIs), an entrepreneurial culture, and social entrepreneurship. Empirical results based on entrepreneurship data at the provincial level in China between 1993 and 2013 provide strong support for the hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature on EE by providing more systematic evidence from underdeveloped institutional environments, and has policy implications for promoting opportunity entrepreneurship. 相似文献
5.
高校创新创业中的路径依赖问题长期困扰着学术界和政策界。区别于已有研究中的“体制决定论”预设,本文引入了技术与社会互构的研究视角,并基于E大建设智慧J城的案例进行了扎根理论的研究。研究发现,高校的创新创业活动往往陷入在技术路径与制度路径的双重依赖之中。具体来说,既有技术因为外源性和解释的灵活性,往往已经负载了特定的技术逻辑和制度结构,而高校由于其身份多样性和合法性需求,倾向于在技术的升级、开发和生产中,与这些技术逻辑和制度结构再度耦合,或者二次负载可兼容的结构,而非挑战和改造既定的路径。高校陷入双重路径依赖的微观过程,则源于其组织脚本在日常工作的常规中完成了身份认同和合法性获取。对此,本文主张将技术,特别是嵌入了社会结构的技术重新纳入到创新研究的视角中,并重视创新活动中组织脚本潜移默化的巨大作用。 相似文献
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本研究基于制度理论、创业导向与创业合法性理论的视角构建了制度环境、创业导向各维度与新创企业绩效之间独立关系的理论框架,并采用PLS- SEM与fsQCA模糊集定性比较方法对理论框架进行了分析,通过对218个新创企业样本数据的分析发现：新创企业在高、低不同的制度环境下,创业导向中的先动性维度均是影响企业创造高财务绩效的关键决定性因素,而制度环境与创业导向其他的维度均起到非核心的辅助作用,但同样是具备先动性特征的企业,相比之下在高制度环境、高创新和风险承担能力的条件下会有更多的样本企业成功获得高的财务绩效,既成功的概率会更高。 相似文献
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中国转型经济所导致的制度变迁,激发了民营企业制度创业行为。制度创业机制的实质是制度创业者实施制度创业策略,克服各种制度创业约束,为新的创业主张获取合法性的过程。因此,制度创业策略视角的研究有利于揭示制度创业机制。把中国民营企业制度创业分为完善型和开拓型,制度创业策略划分为话语策略、理论化策略、社会网络策略、文化策略,紧密结合3个不同的制度创业阶段,通过对吉利汽车、征途网络、春秋航空、阿里巴巴这4个公司的多案例研究,构建转型经济中民营企业制度创业机制的探索性理论模型。 相似文献
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制度复杂性创业导向与创新型创业———一个基于跨国案例的组态分析 《科学学研究》2022,40(5):863-873
创新型创业是实现经济高质量发展的重要引擎,如何提升创新型创业水平是中国亟待解决的重要问题。基于制度复杂性和创业导向理论,本文提出了探究创新型创业驱动路径的整合性分析框架,并且采用模糊集定性比较分析方法对全球50个经济体进行组态分析。研究发现：(1)政府政策、金融资本、创业教育、创业文化、风险承担性和创新性,均不是产生高创新型创业的必要条件,但加强创业教育对高创新型创业的产生发挥着较普适的作用。(2)3条路径可以产生高创新型创业,包括政府主导下的教育驱动型、政府与文化助力下的资本-教育-风险承担驱动型和文化主导下的资本与教育驱动型,不同路径代表着不同经济体高创新型创业的多重实现方式。(3)5条路径导致非高创新型创业,并且与产生高创新型创业的路径存在非对称关系。本文的研究结论有助于揭示多因素并发影响创新型创业的复杂因果机制,深化对制度复杂性的认识,并为提升中国创新型创业水平提供有益的政策启示。 相似文献
9.
Environmental jolts, institutional change, and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunity in the US electric power industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relationship between institutional change and entrepreneurship is poorly understood. We build the theory in this area by tracing institutional change in the US electric power industry over a 40-year period. Our analysis shows that environmental jolts mobilize actors to reformulate institutions, resulting in increased entrepreneurial opportunity. When the institutional environment is stable, we find that incumbent organizational forms and embedded logics present formidable obstacles to entrepreneurial activity. Environmental jolts, however, catalyze search processes and motivate the evaluation of current institutional logics. Specifically, in the case of the electric power industry, environments of abundance and regulation resulted in homogeneity of organizational structures and strategies, and few entrepreneurial opportunities. Environments marked by scarcity and crisis, however, witnessed heavy scrutiny of existing institutional arrangements that eroded their taken-for-grantedness and symbolic value, resulting in opportunities for entrepreneurial action. 相似文献
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11.
校地共建大学孵化器是当前各地建设创新型城市和推动科技成果转化的重要政策工具。然而,当前同质化的制度安排之下,共建孵化器的组织绩效却良莠不齐。对此,本研究以我国第一家校地共建的大学孵化器TS孵化器及其后来在Y省各地衍生的分院为案例,运用扩展个案研究,发现已有创新研究中的理论反常并尝试重构校地共建大学孵化器中的划界原理及其流变规律。研究发现,TS孵化器过去二十年经历了三个阶段的划界博弈,并具体形成了悬置型、松耦型、紧密型、流散型四种不同的边界组织状态。研究进一步通过打开“共识”和“基因重组”两个黑箱,指出求同之外的存异对于异质行动者围绕边界组织形成和维持结盟更加意义深远,而制度压力的回应和制度逻辑的选择则迫使孵化器或被动或主动地去面对划界的过程。 相似文献
12.
The aim of this article is to develop a model of change in urban context to map key steps towards changing an institutional logic: How can new ideas that aim at changing the dominant logic become practice in a city? To this end, the article explores the innovation process of institutions, thereby bringing together areas of research on institutional entrepreneurship, innovation processes, and transformation. Our model interlinks invention, innovation and adoption of new institutions to achieve a new institutional logic for more sustainable development in a city. We introduce ‘workset’ as an interim step between action and practice and identify local adopters as key for diffusion. We illustrate our framework using a case study of urban institutional entrepreneurship in the socio-economic system of a German city. Our findings indicate that the roles of local institutional entrepreneurs and local adopters partly overlap, that worksets are crucial for broader diffusion of new institutions, and that a robust design supports the adoption of the institutional innovation. 相似文献
13.
创业资本代表一个区域培育新创企业的能力,是法律、机构、政策、经济等多种因素对创业活动支持程度的体现。通过权威年鉴采集了中国31个省市的最新经济数据,采用回归分析方法研究了知识、创业资本和经济增长之间的关系。研究结果表明,知识和区域创业资本均可以促进区域经济的增长,并且创业资本在知识扩散对地区经济的增长作用中起着重要的中介作用。 相似文献
14.
Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Universities have assumed an expanded role in science and technology-based economic development that has become of interest to catch-up regions as well as to leading innovation locales. This paper examines how the role of the university has evolved from performing conventional research and education functions to serving as an innovation-promoting knowledge hub though the case of Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). This case is discussed in the context of state efforts to shift the region from an agricultural to an industrial to an innovation-driven economy. Central to the transformation of Georgia Tech as a knowledge hub is the emergence of new institutional leadership, programs, organizational forms and boundary-spanning roles that meditate among academic, educational, entrepreneurial, venture capital, industrial, and public spheres. Comparisons between Georgia Tech's experiences and those of university roles in selected other catch-up regions in the southern United States highlight the importance to the case of networked approaches, capacity building, technology-based entrepreneurial development, and local innovation system leadership. Insights on the transformation of universities and the challenges of fostering a similar transformation in regional economies are offered. 相似文献
15.
从完整的生态系统视角出发探究科技企业孵化器生态系统的构建与发展.分析我国科技企业孵化器发展现状,提出以“科技创业孵化链条-内部生态系统-外部生态系统”为内核的科技企业孵化器生态系统,结合创新创业载体作用发挥、科技企业孵化器专业化服务能力提升、科技企业孵化器整合创新创业资源能力提升三方面要求,围绕链条化、专业化和国际化的发展方向,分析科技企业孵化器生态系统的发展需求;进一步结合新冠肺炎疫情影响实际,提出推进科技企业孵化器生态系统发展的建议,从统筹发挥创新创业载体的作用、构筑孵化器核心竞争力、推动创新创业主体协同创新等方面推进科技企业孵化器高质量发展,以推动科技与经济深度融合. 相似文献
16.
借助一手调研数据和二手资料,本文从发展趋势和对策两个方面分析了处于转型时期的中国天使投资市场,研究发现:(1)中国天使投资正处于高速发展阶段,尤其是在国家鼓励创新创业的氛围下,对天使投资营造了利好的环境。基于这个新形势,天使投资的未来趋势体现在平民化、组织化、机构化以及与孵化器、股权众筹模式的深度融合化等几个方面。(2)天使投资市场在投资者认知、规范化发展以及政策制定等方面仍存在诸多问题。为了推动天使投资实现规范性发展,并逐步走向成熟,以支撑中国创新型经济发展,本文建议需要进一步完善天使投资法律法规与培育管理体系、出台天使投资激励政策、加大天使投资引导力度。 相似文献
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运用环境决定论和高层梯队理论的观点,基于"环境—行为—绩效"研究范式,以制度支持和人力资源实践柔性为调节变量,构建了环境不确定性通过任务导向型战略领导行为的中介作用影响组织绩效的理论模型。经问卷调查和实证检验,结果表明:环境不确定性正向影响组织绩效,任务导向型战略领导行为在两者之间起到部分中介作用;环境不确定性和任务导向型战略领导行为之间关系受制度支持的正向调节,任务导向型战略领导行为和组织绩效之间关系受人力资源实践柔性的正向调节。 相似文献
18.
市场经济的活力在于企业家精神的发挥,而企业家精神的激发要依靠制度环境的变革。利用2011-2015年中国省级层面的面板数据,本文实证了制度环境对企业家精神的影响效应,发现制度环境对企业家创新精神的影响程度要大于对企业家创业精神的影响。其中,政府管制与法治水平极大地影响了企业家精神的发挥,而金融发展和地区腐败对其影响较弱。本文发现法治和金融对企业家精神的交互作用为正,而金融与政府对企业家精神的交互作用为负。在控制内生性问题后,结果具有较强的稳健性。本文的结论表明,为了引领经济高质量增长,应为企业家营造良好的制度环境。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104673
This paper investigates how innovation intermediaries promote institutional change to facilitate public procurement of innovation (PPI). Several of the PPI implementation challenges reported in prior research originate in the institutional architecture underpinning demand articulation, and innovation procurement and adoption processes. We conceptualise innovation intermediaries as institutional entrepreneurs who seek to create new institutions or adjust existing ones to support PPI implementation. We report the results of two case studies of intermediaries facilitating PPI in the UK defence and health sectors, respectively. We contribute to PPI intermediation literature by showing that intermediaries address prevalent institutional failures through four types of institutional entrepreneurship activities: boundary spanning; advocacy; design of change; and capacity building. We elucidate, in particular, the role of individuals within intermediaries, as agents who learn about failures and adapt their institutional work over time. In doing so, these managers go beyond the remit and goals of the organisations they represent. The findings add to our understanding of how intermediaries support demand articulation for PPI by showing that their institutional work is also aimed at designing generic methods and processes to improve what is asked for, and how. We furthermore reveal conditions influencing the effectiveness of intermediaries' efforts to realise institutional change, thereby extending research on institutional entrepreneurship in PPI settings. 相似文献