共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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文章运用运动解剖学理论,分析了山东体育学院运动训练专业50名羽毛球运动员肩关节屈肌、伸肌、内收肌、外展肌、内旋肌和外旋肌损伤的原因及运动防护,探讨了羽毛球运动员肩关节肌肉损伤与羽毛球运动技术的关系,为提高运动技术及预防肌肉损伤提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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在径赛运动中,人体能量的供给是决定运动成绩的重要因素之一。在以无氧酵解供能为主的运动中,随着能量的产生乳酸也不断生成。乳酸在肌细胞内产生后,一方面通过降低胞内PH值而抑制酵解酶系的活性,使糖酵解过程减速;另一方面,细胞内H~ 浓度的升高,也会减弱在兴奋一收缩偶联中Ca~( )与肌原蛋白的结合,减少处于“激发态”的肌动球蛋白的数量,从而使肌肉收缩力量减弱。因此乳酸的生成便成为限制运动的因素之一,而了解运动后恢复期内乳酸消除的规律,则 相似文献
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对运动员来说,大腿后部肌肉损伤是常见现象。无论是竞技运动员还是业余运动员,持续地运动都会引起肌肉损伤。有人认为,肌肉组织损伤一般为天气寒冷或极度疲劳所致。这两种观点只能使外行们感到满意,而引起肌肉损伤的根本原因则是肌肉用力异常。为了防止运动时参与活动的肌肉组织受损,应合理地分配协同肌和拮抗肌的力量,但 相似文献
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一、运动后肌肉酸痛的原因（一）肌肉结构的“微”损伤训练前,没有做准备活动或准备活动不充分,肌肉的力量和伸展性较差,运动中各部位的功能没有得到相应的提高,关节的活动范围较小,神经系统对肌肉的协调指挥能力较低,再加上训练初期机体对运动的适应能力较差,所以运动时容易造成肌肉结构的“微”损伤。这种损伤非常小,只有在电子显微镜下才能看到。损伤后,坏死的组织被蛋白溶解酶所分解,其分解产物使局部小血管扩张、血管壁的通透性增高,血液中的液体、蛋白质和白细胞等通过血管壁形成渗出液,造成肌肉内压力增加,刺激肌肉内的… 相似文献
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肌肉活检技术的广泛使用和肌肉分析种种新方法的采用,使人们对肌细胞结构和功能有了更好的了解,从而能够在肌肉分子、超微结构及生化水平上对训练所引起的种种适应性反应进行研究。人体骨骼肌由各种不同的运动单位所组成。姿位肌(如比目鱼肌)拥有更多的慢收缩、抗疲劳的Ⅰ型纤维,而时相肌(如肱三头肌)则拥有更多的快收缩但易疲劳的Ⅱ型 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):415-425
The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal muscles. Although several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during exercise. This contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with (1) oxidant damage in several tissues (e.g., increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated muscle fatigue, and (3) activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle fibers. While our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades, questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to health. This review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s) of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production. 相似文献
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Corey W. Joseph Elizabeth J. Bradshaw Justin Kemp Ross A. Clark 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(3):241-258
Eccentric contractions that provide spring energy can also cause muscle damage. The aim of this study was to explore leg and vertical stiffness following muscle damage induced by an eccentric exercise protocol. Twenty active males completed 60 minutes of backward-walking on a treadmill at 0.67 m/s and a gradient of ? 8.5° to induce muscle damage. Tests were performed immediately before; immediately post; and 24, 48, and 168 hours post eccentric exercise. Tests included running at 3.35 m/s and hopping at 2.2 Hz using single- and double-legged actions. Leg and vertical stiffness were measured from kinetic and kinematic data, and electromyography (EMG) of five muscles of the preferred limb were recorded during hopping. Increases in pain scores (over 37%) occurred post-exercise and 24 and 48 hours later (p < 0.001). A 7% decrease in maximal voluntary contraction occurred immediately post-exercise (p = 0.019). Changes in knee kinematics during single-legged hopping were observed 168 hours post (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in EMG, creatine kinase activity, leg, or vertical stiffness. Results indicate that knee mechanics may be altered to maintain consistent levels of leg and vertical stiffness when eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage is present in the lower legs. 相似文献
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目的探讨高频正弦波振动(HFV)对制动大鼠比目鱼肌(SOL)梭内、外肌纤维肌球蛋白重链(MHC)表达的影响。方法采用大鼠后肢制动作为废用性肌萎缩动物模型,对振动组大鼠施以HFV,用免疫组化染色法检测大鼠SOL梭内、外肌纤维MHC表达。结果①制动14 d后,大鼠SOL梭外肌Ⅰ型肌纤维的构成比明显减少,Ⅱ型肌纤维的构成比明显增加(P<0.05),SOL梭内肌纤维快缩型MHC的表达有所增强;②制动加HFV大鼠与制动组相比,SOL梭外肌Ⅰ型肌纤维的构成比明显上升,Ⅱ型肌纤维的构成比明显下降(P<0.05),SOL梭内肌纤维快缩型MHC的表达没有明显变化。结论 HFV对制动大鼠SOL梭外肌Ⅰ型肌纤维向Ⅱ型肌纤维的转化和梭内肌MHC表达增强的趋势有明显的对抗作用。 相似文献
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离心运动对大鼠骨骼肌结蛋白分布和表达的影响--对骨骼肌损伤机制的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
方法：48只7周龄雌性SD大鼠进行一次性下坡跑至力竭，取比目鱼肌进行desmin免疫组化染色，然后光镜观察切片，并用图像分析仪对免疫染色切片进行定量分析。结果：1)离心运动后肌纤维局部desmin染色不同程度、不同范围地出现了变淡、模糊、甚至缺失，出现desmin阴性纤维；2)与对照组相比，力竭运动后即刻desmin平均光密度显著降低，在力竭后1天降到最低点，随后desmin平均光密度开始逐渐上升，到第7天，desmin阳性区域的平均光密度均显著高于对照组C。desmin阳性面积百分比和积分光密度结果变化趋势一致，离心运动组desmin阳性面积百分比低于对照组，desmin阳性面积百分最低点出现在运动后第1天。结论：1)desmin细胞骨架破坏是离心运动诱导损伤的形态学标志；2)Desmin免疫组化染色可以作为评估骨骼肌早期损伤的工具。 相似文献
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测定与分析了不同类型肌纤维在收缩过程中两种形式糖原（MG和PG）的分解状况。雄性Wistar大鼠分为2组：低糖组（LG）和高糖组（HG），灌注自由下肢和同时电刺激10min。收缩前后肌肉样本取自腓肠肌（SOL），外侧胫骨白肌（WG）和外侧胫骨红肌（RG）用以分析MG，PG和总糖原。结果表明：在电刺激收缩过程中，MG和PG同时作为底物被利用。在快收缩肌纤维(WG和RG)比慢收缩肌纤维（Sol）MG和PG分解明显增加。高糖组比低糖组MG和PG分解明显增加。不同类型肌纤维MG百分含量与总糖原浓度呈高度正相关。提示：肌纤维内MG的含量可能是糖原依赖性磷酸化速率机制的限制因素。 相似文献
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运动性骨骼肌损伤标志的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
尽管血浆肌酸激酶(CK)，肌红蛋白(Mb)和肌球蛋白重链(MHC)已经被广泛地用来评价运动性骨骼肌损伤，但是近来的研究显示所有这些指标都有其局限性。而与血浆CK，Mb和MHC形成对照，血浆骨骼肌肌钙蛋白抑制亚基(sTnI)可能是反映运动性骨骼肌损伤的一种特异性的早期敏感标志。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(3):359-368
PurposeThe aim of this study was to review, systematically, evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training programs.MethodsA computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, from inception until November 2020. All included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism.ResultsOur search identified 492 records. After the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the analysis. These studies were performed in 6 different countries (Spain, Japan, Brazil, China, the Republic of Korea, and Italy) and involved a total participant pool of 1093 participants. Of the studies, 2 studies involved only women, 5 studies involved only men, and 6 studies involved both men and women. All the studies included were classified as high-quality studies (≥6 points in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale score). Overall, evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 investigations. Six studies observed a significant association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage: 2 with non-contact ankle injury, 3 with non-contact muscle injury, and 1 with overall non-contact injury.ConclusionThe present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries, such as muscle injury, ankle sprains, and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage. 相似文献
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Nélson Carvalho Gustavo Puntel Philipe Correa Priscila Gubert Guilherme Amaral Jefferson Morais 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):923-935
Abstract The mechanisms of action of physical agents commonly used to treat skeletal muscle lesions are not well understood. In this study, we examined whether the modulation of oxidative stress is involved in the beneficial effects of cold and heat on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a strain injury and treated with therapeutic agents in an isolated or combined form. Strain damage caused an increase in muscle and blood oxidative damage. We suggest that this oxidative damage might be related to the impairment of the muscle cell structure, since we observed a significant positive correlation between increased plasma creatine kinase activity and both oxidized dichlorofluoresceine and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle and blood. The intensity of the inflammatory response appears also to be an important factor in the genesis of oxidative damage immediately following a muscle strain injury. Therapeutic cold seems to be more effective in preventing the damage induced by a strain injury, possibly due to its capacity to control the impairment of muscle cell structure and to modulate the intensity of the inflammatory response that follows a muscle strain injury. 相似文献