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1.
基于国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI），提出改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术（ICT）/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，主要得益于其网络建设和普及。分析表明，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印三国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非三国的IDI与本国人均生产总值的关联度不显... 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(4):297-312
Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory and the literature on citizen engagement, we formulated a multiple-mediation model examining (1) the TOE contextual factors affecting government’s willingness to implement electronic participation (e-participation) in form of e-information sharing, e-consultation, and e-decision-making in a country and its electronic government (e-government) maturity; and (2) the mediating role of government’s willingness to implement e-participation in a country on the relationships between its TOE contextual factors and e-government maturity. Specifically, we hypothesized that information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure (representing the Technology context), governance (representing the Organization context), and human capital (representing the Environment context) has both direct and indirect relationships with e-government maturity through the mediating roles of government’s willingness to implement e-participation. Based on archival data from 183 countries, results showed that while ICT infrastructure and human capital were positively associated with government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity, governance was not significantly associated with them. Also, government’s willingness to implement e-participation had significant associations with its e-government maturity. Specifically, of three dimensions of e-participation, government’s willingness to implement e-information sharing and e-decision-making were positively associated with e-government maturity, and its willingness to implement e-consultation was negatively associated. Further, government’s willingness to implement e-information sharing, e-consultation, and e-decision-making partially mediated the influences of ICT infrastructure and human capital on e-government maturity. Results also indicated that the relationship of governance with e-government maturity was not mediated by government’s willingness to implement e-participation. Findings contribute to the theoretical discourse on e-government by highlighting the roles of the TOE contextual factors on government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity, and provide indications for practice in managing e-government maturity by (1) enhancing government’s willingness to implement appropriate e-participation dimensions; and (2) leveraging the effects of the TOE contextual factors on government’s willingness to implement e-participation and e-government maturity. 相似文献
3.
Abstrat The inclusion of informatics supporting trans‐border data flows (TDFs) in research and action related to the New World Information Order is essential. Documents prove the fact that information has been treated by developing countries as a critical element in the establishment of a New International Economic Order. The author calls for the recognition of TDFs as an integral element of the debate over information. Such issues as free flow of information, national sovereignty, and dependent development are addressed. In the conclusion, it is argued that the International Telecommunication Union is well equipped to expand its domain of jurisdiction to TDFs in coordination with a maturing Intergovernmental Bureau for Informatics. 相似文献
4.
The authors examine the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) usage among low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Using two composite indicators, they focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICT usage across gender, age, education, and income levels. The authors’ analysis indicates that the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people in all three countries was lack of education. The impact of income itself was low although positive. Their findings also suggest that comprehensive measures that mix standard ICTs with very advanced ones can be misleading. 相似文献
5.
在整理印度反倾销申诉案件的基础上,通过收集相关数据,发现印度反倾销主要目标国是中国、韩国、中国台湾和泰国等新兴工业化国家和美国、欧盟和日本等发达国家,打击的恰恰是具有强大比较优势的产品。中国成为印度头号反倾销国家,被诉产品都是出口增长快、市场份额高的产品。其后建立动态面板数据模型,从被诉国家和显示性比较指数角度重点实证分析了印度反倾销的贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应。经过使用系统GMM估计方法进行分析后,发现反倾销措施的贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应随时间延递而逐渐减弱,反倾销措施对被诉国的贸易破坏效应一直比关税的贸易破坏效应要大。从反倾销政策对产业竞争力影响来看,印度反倾销措施对其产业竞争力提升具有较显著的促进作用,当印度产业处于比较劣势时,印度反倾销措施对产业竞争力的提升效果更强。 相似文献
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Payam Hanafizadeh Mohammad Reza Hanafizadeh Mohsen Khodabakhshi 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):236-247
In this article a methodology is presented to extract indicators that appropriately measure the information society and the digital divide between countries and the relevant statistics that the majority of countries can collect. With the help of content analysis, the entropy method, and consideration of the diffusion aspects of digitalization, 37 reputable information society and digital divide models are analyzed to indentify “core information and communication technology (ICT) indicators.” To overcome the limitation of the nonexistence of data, the information and the knowledge embedded in information society and digital divide models are employed as proxies for experts' opinions for extracting the core ICT indicators. Comparison of the prior indicators and the proposed ones reveals that the former ignore three important dimensions: e-learning, e-government, and networked world enablers. 相似文献
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Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
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本文对企业绿色增长已有研究进行了回顾与分析，界定了企业绿色增长的内涵，从四个方面分析影响企业绿色增长的关键性因素。基于已有绿色增长评价、企业绿色发展及企业绿色增长评价相关研究结果，建立企业绿色增长指标体系与评价方法,收集了2016年80家国有及上市企业的企业社会责任报告，并运用聚类分析与熵值法处理相应数据，研究表明：顾客满意度、净利润增长率、万元综合能耗同比降低百分比与主营业务利润率对企业实现绿色增长有决定性作用；应用这一研究结果对陕西省两家企业的绿色增长现状进行评价与分析，并给出针对性建议。 相似文献
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实施领先市场计划是欧盟建立创新友好型市场、发展创新驱动型经济的重要举措。本文分析了领先市场与国家竞争优势的关系,介绍了欧盟实施领先市场计划的背景、目标、试点领域及政策工具等内容,并就领先市场计划对中国推进自主创新战略实施带来的启示进行了探讨。 相似文献
11.
Our objectives for this article are twofold: first, to examine the convergence of nations with regard to ICT access; and second, to see whether countries in the same continental region (South and East Asia, West and Middle East Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania) or having same initial ICT access have coalesced into groups. We constructed an ICT access index using three indicators (mobile phone, Internet, and broadband use per 100 population) for a sample of 198 nations for the 16-year period from 2000 to 2015. Results show that digital divide has declined in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. The countries, starting at lower ICT levels, are not adopting ICT faster than the leaders. Continental region-wise analysis also shows that the catch-up is maximum for already developed countries, and minimum for countries in African and Oceania continental regions. 相似文献
12.
本文主要关注纳米比亚ICT教育的发展现状及面临的挑战,主要有政策缺陷、资金分配不合理、基础设施及信息建设落后、课程选择率不高、内容单一、ICT教师培训力度不够等问题。 相似文献
13.
Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide. 相似文献
14.
技术标准形成的影响因素分析及其对我国ICT产业标准战略的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
标准是企业乃至国家竞争的焦点,但标准的形成及其产业化受到诸多因素影响,从而绩效不同。阐述了标准形成的不同机制及其特点,通过对大量案例的归纳整理,从标准的技术特征、市场环境、企业能力和政府政策等角度分析了影响标准形成及其产业化绩效的各种因素,由此提出了对我国ICT产业标准战略的几点启示。 相似文献
15.
In development literature, information and communications technology (ICT) has been characterized as having the potential to enable national development. However, ICT has been conceptualized mostly as a monolithic and homogeneous entity. To a great extent, the ambiguous findings and diverse opinions on the role of ICT in national development can be attributed to this limited focus. In order to better understand the role ICT can play in national development, we believe that the ICT artifact needs to be examined in finer detail. We propose that ICT needs to be conceptualized in its many facets, perceptions, and in its manifold impact in societies. We use recent concepts from the IT literature to propose an integrative framework to study the role of ICT in development. Policymakers and donor agencies may find this framework useful in evaluating the potential impact of development interventions using ICT. 相似文献
16.
In development literature, information and communications technology (ICT) has been characterized as having the potential to enable national development. However, ICT has been conceptualized mostly as a monolithic and homogeneous entity. To a great extent, the ambiguous findings and diverse opinions on the role of ICT in national development can be attributed to this limited focus. In order to better understand the role ICT can play in national development, we believe that the ICT artifact needs to be examined in finer detail. We propose that ICT needs to be conceptualized in its many facets, perceptions, and in its manifold impact in societies. We use recent concepts from the IT literature to propose an integrative framework to study the role of ICT in development. Policymakers and donor agencies may find this framework useful in evaluating the potential impact of development interventions using ICT. 相似文献
17.
Keld Laursen 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):687-697
This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries. 相似文献
18.
基于欧洲电信标准化协会中5G标准必要专利相关数据,从5G标准必要专利披露数量、地理位置分布、技术领域分布3个方面比较分析中国与美国、欧盟、日本和韩国等国家或地区之间的差异。研究发现,（1）中国5G标准必要专利披露数位居第一,但是5G技术涉及标准数量与欧盟相比仍有差距;（2）中国5G标准必要专利地理位置布局以本国为主,市场分布不广;（3）中国的5G技术优势主要集中在无线通信网络、信息传输等方面,美国、欧盟等国家或地区的技术优势不仅包括无线通信、信息传输等领域,还涵盖了传感器、芯片等关键技术。 相似文献
19.
陈平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(6):105-110
以色列信息产业近年来取得了举世瞩目的发展,成为后起国家发展高技术产业的成功范例.从产业集群的崭新视角出发,由以色列发展信息产业的比较优势入手,深入分析了其信息产业集群的发展历程、内部积累因素和外部催化因素,对我国发展信息产业提出了建议. 相似文献
20.
关键矿产安全是国家社会经济发展和国防建设的重要保障,关键矿产战略是实现资源安全的必要路径。世界主要国家均制定了关键矿产战略举措,中国相关矿产需求量大、供需结构性矛盾突出,制定关键矿产战略尤为迫切。本文基于澳大利亚、日本、欧盟、美国4个国家（地区）2006—2019年关键矿产的政策文本,从关键矿产战略的国际背景、制定依据、历史演进与政策工具选择角度开展比较研究,提出主要国家关键矿产战略的演进规律、驱动因素以及工具选择依据。研究发现：4个国家（地区）“关键性”指标选择均包含供应风险,并根据国情选取了经济重要性、可操作性等不同的指标;同时,4个国家（地区）关键矿产相关政策文本数量稳步上升,美国、日本、欧盟政策关注点不断系统化,且定期更新与完善关键矿产清单;4个国家（地区）主要选择规制型政策工具,以经济激励型政策工具为辅,社会型政策工具作用日渐增强。在此基础上,建议中国在建立关键矿产目录的基础上,通过完善矿产储备体系、促进替代和回收技术研发、实施“资源外交”等举措,制定合理有效的关键矿产战略。 相似文献