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1.
A key challenge behind the adoption of blockchain in the public sector is understanding the dynamics of blockchain governance. Based on a systematic literature review, this article analyzes different approaches to blockchain governance across disciplines and develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for the study of blockchain governance decisions in the public sector. The framework clusters nine types of governance decisions (infrastructure architecture, application architecture, interoperability, decision-making mechanism, incentive mechanism, consensus mechanism, organization of governance, accountability of governance, and control of governance) into three levels of analysis (micro, meso, and macro-levels). Drawing on public management theories and concepts, the article elucidates the implications of various governance choices in each level of governance and provides a primer for researchers and policy practitioners on the design of blockchain-based systems in the public sector.  相似文献   

2.
Given the rising number of international environmental agreements, it is increasingly difficult for many developing countries to meet the basic commitments of compliance to Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). One major reason for non-compliance is an unforced restriction on enforcement information flow to the national environmental governance repository either due to policy regulations or, technological hindrance. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of a global information technology framework for MEAs that will help in enhancing the flow of information from a grassroot level to a national repository and then serving to various international agencies involved in monitoring of enforcement and compliance to MEAs. The paper defines the current challenges in global and national-level environmental information gathering and analysis and then, explains the technological and policy framework model adopted in the Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System (WEMS). The paper then argues that the WEMS model will be able to overcome the existing challenges hindering the information flow in a government framework.  相似文献   

3.
The rise of Big, Open and Linked Data (BOLD) enables Big Data Algorithmic Systems (BDAS) which are often based on machine learning, neural networks and other forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI). As such systems are increasingly requested to make decisions that are consequential to individuals, communities and society at large, their failures cannot be tolerated, and they are subject to stringent regulatory and ethical requirements. However, they all rely on data which is not only big, open and linked but varied, dynamic and streamed at high speeds in real-time. Managing such data is challenging. To overcome such challenges and utilize opportunities for BDAS, organizations are increasingly developing advanced data governance capabilities. This paper reviews challenges and approaches to data governance for such systems, and proposes a framework for data governance for trustworthy BDAS. The framework promotes the stewardship of data, processes and algorithms, the controlled opening of data and algorithms to enable external scrutiny, trusted information sharing within and between organizations, risk-based governance, system-level controls, and data control through shared ownership and self-sovereign identities. The framework is based on 13 design principles and is proposed incrementally, for a single organization and multiple networked organizations.  相似文献   

4.
[目的/意义]社会治理的智慧化正逐渐引起学界与实践界的重视,并取得了阶段性成效,在此基础上的系统回顾与思考有助于为社会治理能力现代化提供向前的动力与思路。[研究设计/方法]采用文献研究法和政策文本分析法,对社会治理智慧化过程的相关研究进行系统梳理,探究社会治理智慧化的演化逻辑与模式,构建智慧化社会治理概念框架,进一步融合典型案例场景分析、思考、展望未来的研究方向。[结论/发现]梳理出传统化、信息化、智能化、智慧化社会治理模式,构建智慧化社会治理概念框架,进而提出智慧化社会治理模式在技术、伦理、制度、权利和效益五方面的挑战。[创新/价值]以图书情报领域注重运用数据智能技术解决社会实际问题为视角,从技术和理论双重演化逻辑剖析了社会治理智慧化过程,以期为驱动我国迈向智慧化社会治理进程及相关研究提供理论线索和实践参考。  相似文献   

5.
The impact of mobile technology on governance and development has attracted significant interest in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Development and Electronic Governance communities. There is growing consensus that governance mechanisms must complement access to technology to achieve greater impact on development. However, few or no rigorous research exists to show how such mechanisms can support the delivery of mobile services to vulnerable groups. This study fills this important gap by first providing a conceptual framework, based on the Choice Framework and the Structuration Theory, to elaborate on the relationship between ICT, governance and citizen capabilities. Second, the framework is applied to analyze livelihood needs of 45 women head porters interviewed in Accra. Third, as all women under study have access to mobile phones, we determine which governance mechanisms are needed to support the delivery of mobile services to them. Results show that three governance mechanisms enable the contribution of mobile technology to meeting the livelihood needs of this group: 1) updating financial and telecommunication regulations to enable the provision of mobile-based services e.g. mobile microfinance, to vulnerable groups; 2) mobilizing local communities in the production of local contents; and 3) engaging non-governmental organizations in building capacity of government agencies in mobile service delivery and in training vulnerable communities in effective use of mobile technology to access information and services critical to their needs. We conclude by discussing the use of the Structuration Theory along with the Choice Framework to shape development processes based on citizen needs and by discussing the applicability of our framework to similar vulnerable groups.  相似文献   

6.
Government agencies are increasingly using social media to connect with those they serve. These connections have the potential to extend government services, solicit new ideas, and improve decision-making and problem-solving. However, interacting via social media introduces new challenges related to privacy, security, data management, accessibility, social inclusion, governance, and other information policy issues. The rapid adoption of social media by the population and government agencies has outpaced the regulatory framework related to information, although the guiding principles behind many regulations are still relevant. This paper examines the existing regulatory framework and the ways in which it applies to social media use by the U.S. federal government, highlighting opportunities and challenges agencies face in implementing them, as well as possible approaches for addressing these challenges.  相似文献   

7.
［目的/意义］ 政策体系是推动开放科学发展的基本制度保障,利用政策工具分析欧美国家与国际组织发布的94份开放科学政策文本特征,为中国开放科学政策制定提供参考。［方法/过程］ 提出政策工具、科研生命周期与政策客体三维政策分析框架,采用文本分析方法解析政策发布、内容、结构等特征。［结果/结论］ 政策发布频率升高,发布地区和发布主体多元,政策关注问题呈现社会化向度,特别是新冠肺炎疫情暴发后社会问题关注增高,开放科学将是未来国际科学政策热点。中国开放科学政策规划正处于萌芽期,建议基于国际既有经验加强顶层设计,重视协调机制,致力于解决科研系统内部与社会外部问题并举,优化政策工具结构,覆盖科学全生命周期,建立具有我国特色的开放科学政策体系。  相似文献   

8.
Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being used by public sector organisations. Previous research highlighted that the use of AI technologies in government could improve policy making processes, public service delivery and the internal management of public administrations. In this article, we explore to which extent the use of AI in the public sector impacts these core governance functions. Findings from the review of a sample of 250 cases across the European Union, show that AI is used mainly to support improving public service delivery, followed by enhancing internal management and only in a limited number assist directly or indirectly policy decision-making. The analysis suggests that different types of AI technologies and applications are used in different governance functions, highlighting the need to further in-depth investigation to better understand the role and impact of use in what is being defined the governance “of, with and by AI”.  相似文献   

9.
Information communication technology (ICT) in government agencies as well as educational and research institutions facilitates an efficient, speedy and transparent dissemination of information to the public and other agencies for performance of government administration activities. The importance of ICT in governance has been recognized the world over. E-governance highlights several elements of good governance such as transparency, accountability, participation, social integration, public financial management reform and development. This study is based on research and personal interviews of selected representatives of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. The findings of this study highlight the role of Internet, particularly the World Wide Web (WWW), which has made it easier for citizens to locate and download official information and to conduct transactions. Information management agencies such as libraries and knowledge centres play a vital role in supporting transparent and accountable governance in this digital era. E-government needs to be integrated into the broader public management framework so as to make a substantial change in the government to citizen (G2C) relationship.  相似文献   

10.
The greater number of government efforts to stimulate participative governance in communities using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) often fall short of expectations. In South Africa extending e-government to communities has been in the form of more and/or better equipped ICT-enabled community centres, called Thusong Service Centres. In this paper, based on action research experiences, we report outcomes of interpretive research into ICT-enabled approaches to participative governance in communities. Using the Diffusion of Innovations theory as an analytic lens, the findings reveal a subtlety that is not often mentioned in the call for participative e-governance; people from communities prefer to work in groups rather than individually. The collectiveness inclination is a common denominator of many developing countries where people choose to come together to leverage the few available resources. Individuals become apprehensive when made to work on their own using the ICT. The research reveals the necessity to re-design ICT to suit small groups as part of participative e-governance rather than the normative ICT design that suits individual work styles. Additionally, the research reveals that by working in groups, communities are more willing to accept the government initiatives that are being energised with the use of ICT. Methodologically, the research revealed the ethical issue that arises from action research in its raising of unrealistic expectations in a community.  相似文献   

11.
构建档案馆安全协同治理机制是总体国家安全观战略指引的必然选择,也是对档案馆安全工作政策要求的积极回应和档案馆安全责任的主动分担。为此,本文在探析档案馆安全协同治理机制的主体要素、客体要素、工具要素和制度要素的基础上,设计档案馆安全协同治理机制框架,并从完善基于主体协同的组织框架、强化基于客体认知的风险识别、探索基于工具优化的治理手段、构筑基于制度设计的保障体系四个方面,探讨了档案馆安全协同治理机制的实现策略。  相似文献   

12.
As the negative environmental impacts of cities continue to grow, citizens must be involved in climate change mitigation initiatives. A range of policy instruments can be used by municipal policy makers to encourage citizens to engage in environmentally responsible behaviours. Information and communications technology (ICT) is an important lever for changing individuals' behaviours and thus is increasingly found among the policy approaches adopted by cities. This research focuses on cities' use of ICT-enabled persuasion. Combining the unimodel of persuasion with the persuasive system design framework, the research develops and tests a theoretical model explaining how dimensions of the user context (green identity, goal intention) and technology context (integration support) influence the persuasiveness of city-sponsored applications with respect to environmentally responsible behaviours performed in the home and community. A survey of 203 individuals in North America shows that goal intention and integration support provided by the applications significantly influence perceived persuasion effectiveness for environmentally responsible behaviours at home. For environmentally responsible behaviours in the community, all three independent variables have a positive influence on the perceived persuasion effectiveness. The research extends the digital government literature by investigating an emerging policy intervention and providing a novel theoretical explanation of how elements within an ICT-enabled persuasion event come together to affect individuals' behaviours. Furthermore, the research provides municipal policy makers with new insights into how to design an ICT-enabled policy instrument for encouraging greater environmental citizenship.  相似文献   

13.
This article highlights the importance of user-centric design in the implementation of e-Government services in a multilevel government setting. It does so by examining the implementation of the ‘Services Directive’, which was adopted in the European Parliament in 2006 and required all member states to set up digital portals named Points of Single Contact (PSC). In this article we evaluate the Dutch PSC, and present the findings of a mystery shopping research in which we contacted 67 municipalities by using the PSC. We describe how the original requirements from the European ‘Service Directive’ have gone lost in translation and that national government, municipalities as well as businesses do not utilize the services as was intended. We propose a user-centric framework for the implementation of eGovernment services in a multi-level polity and conclude the article with specific recommendations to improve the policy process along these lines. We also propose mystery shopping as an evaluation tool for assessing user-centricity in eGovernment implementation.  相似文献   

14.
Research into relationships among government, society and technology has grown substantially over the past 30 years. However, most research and most advances in practice address narrowly defined categories of concern such as government organization, citizen services, interoperability, or personal privacy. By contrast, the future presents complex and dynamic challenges that demand a more holistic and flexible perspective, including consideration of what constitutes an appropriate infrastructure for continued development of government and governance in the digital age. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for considering the future, drawn from a stakeholder-driven investigation into potential scenarios of society and government. The framework reflects a dynamic socio-technical system encompassing interactions among societal trends, human elements, changing technology, information management, interaction and complexity, and the purpose and role of government.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, we examine the challenges faced by faith-based institutions in a low-income, predominantly Black community seeking to take advantage of grants provided through the White House Office of Community and Faith-Based Initiatives (FBCI). FBCI is an e-Government program that assists nonprofit organizations in competing for Federal dollars with fewer bureaucratic barriers. Informed by the design-actuality framework, we interviewed clergy at seven faith-based organizations. The intent of this analysis is to juxtapose the design intentions of the government officials with the actualities expressed by the intended benefactors of the initiative. Our findings suggest that this e-Government initiative may unwittingly exacerbate existing disparities in the strategic use of information and communication technologies (ICT).  相似文献   

16.
The paper examines the European copyright framework and its interaction with open access repositories. Access to information resources has become a modern necessity that needs to be met to share equitably the wealth of the European society. The Directives with intellectual property provisions to enhance copyright law policy makers are the foundation of the European copyright regime. This statement helps me to clarify the design and assumptions underlying open access practice in Europe. The paper analyses strengths and short-comings of these Directives in relation to copyright protection and open access practice among European member states.  相似文献   

17.
Dashboards visualize a consolidated set data for a certain purpose which enables users to see what is happening and to initiate actions. Dashboards can be used by governments to support their decision-making and policy processes or to communicate and interact with the public. The objective of this paper is to understand and to support the design of dashboards for creating transparency and accountability. Two smart city cases are investigated showing that dashboards can improve transparency and accountability, however, realizing these benefits was cumbersome and encountered various risks and challenges. Challenges include insufficient data quality, lack of understanding of data, poor analysis, wrong interpretation, confusion about the outcomes, and imposing a pre-defined view. These challenges can easily result in misconceptions, wrong decision-making, creating a blurred picture resulting in less transparency and accountability, and ultimately in even less trust in the government. Principles guiding the design of dashboards are presented. Dashboards need to be complemented by mechanisms supporting citizens' engagement, data interpretation, governance and institutional arrangements.  相似文献   

18.
我国政府数据开放共享政策体系构建   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
[目的/意义] 政府数据开放共享已纳入国家大数据战略。本文旨在针对国家大数据战略,提出我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[方法/过程] 采用循证政策研究方法,构建我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[结果/结论] 我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系分为基础设施层、数据管理层和政府治理层三个层次。基础设施层包括数据及其元数据政策、IT技术政策（包括社交媒体政策）、数据中心政策、数据平台标准指南、具备互操作性的系统政策、数据存储仓库规范等;数据管理层有数据创建与汇集政策、数据处理政策、数据归档与保存政策、数据开放和共享政策、数据获取与利用政策;政府治理层由数据安全政策、数据权益政策、公众参与政策、数据能力政策、组织支持政策、资金投入政策等构成。该体系为政府数据开放共享提供了政策框架,为后续政策的深入研究提供了方向。  相似文献   

19.
This article addresses challenges confronting policy makers when considering self- and co-regulatory regimes for audiovisual content. It proposes a template for regulatory choice to assess the potential of such schemes by examining institutional designs, characteristics of the industries involved, and the regulatory environment. Subsequently, the template is used to compare performance, institutional success factors, and enabling contextual factors of selected content-rating schemes in the audiovisual industry. The results of this case study demonstrate the value of the analytical approach for research and policy-making. Findings suggest a combination of industry self-regulation and public oversight for the governance of content-rating schemes.  相似文献   

20.
数据共享视角下跨部门政府数据治理框架构建   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
[目的/意义] 跨部门的政府数据共享面临着巨大挑战，部门之间数据隔离，数据共享进展缓慢。引入跨部门的政府数据治理有助于促进政府的信息资源共享，提升政府服务水平和服务对象的满意度。针对跨部门政府数据治理的相关实践亟需科学理论的指导。[方法/过程] 首先对政府数据治理的含义进行分析和界定，对已有的数据治理框架进行总结论述，然后分析政府数据治理的特殊性所在。[结果/结论] 在国内外认可度较高的数据治理框架基础上，结合政府数据治理的特殊性，提出我国跨部门政府数据治理框架--CGCS数据治理框架，由战略目标、规范与标准、关注范围、治理主体、过程、方法与技术6方面内容组成，并对框架每一部分结合我国实际情况进行阐述。最后，对CGCS数据治理框架在跨部门政府数据治理实践中的应用进行示例分析，阐明CGCS数据治理框架的可用性。  相似文献   

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