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1.
In this study, we propose and validate social networks based theoretical model for exploring scholars’ collaboration (co-authorship) network properties associated with their citation-based research performance (i.e., g-index). Using structural holes theory, we focus on how a scholar’s egocentric network properties of density, efficiency and constraint within the network associate with their scholarly performance. For our analysis, we use publication data of high impact factor journals in the field of “Information Science & Library Science” between 2000 and 2009, extracted from Scopus. The resulting database contained 4837 publications reflecting the contributions of 8069 authors. Results from our data analysis suggest that research performance of scholars’ is significantly correlated with scholars’ ego-network measures. In particular, scholars with more co-authors and those who exhibit higher levels of betweenness centrality (i.e., the extent to which a co-author is between another pair of co-authors) perform better in terms of research (i.e., higher g-index). Furthermore, scholars with efficient collaboration networks who maintain a strong co-authorship relationship with one primary co-author within a group of linked co-authors (i.e., co-authors that have joint publications) perform better than those researchers with many relationships to the same group of linked co-authors. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104783
In light of the scattered nature of extant ecosystem literature, we seek to (1) identify the intellectual structure and theoretical roots of ecosystem literature within the broader field of innovation, and (2) take stock of how ecosystem research enriches and extends the innovation literature. Based on a bibliometric analysis of innovation and management journals over the past 30 years, we identify three lineages of ecosystem research within the “umbrella” of innovation studies. The first lineage finds its theoretical roots in the literature of product and architecture innovation. The second follows the lineage of open innovation and innovation strategy. The third adopts the traditions of regional innovation and entrepreneurship. Further, we offer an extended-boundary model that features two sets of synopses, explicating ecosystems' contributions to the field of innovation. The first set demonstrates how the ecosystem concept extends the three lineages with its unique attributes from a meta-organisational perspective, i.e., consumption-side synergies, boundary spanning and self-organisation. The second indicates how the concept may be repositioned on the foundational economic theories, i.e., Schumpeterian Innovation and Transaction Cost Economics, and advance how it may integrate the two schools and extend their research implications vis-à-vis profiting from, organising for, and outcomes of innovation. We contribute by organising the fragmented ecosystem literature into an integrative framework, forging stronger links with traditional innovation theories, and offering a cumulative theoretical basis for this promising concept to further flourish in the field of innovation studies. 相似文献
3.
同侪影响对用户贡献行为的作用研究———基于网络客观大数据的分析 《科学学研究》2021,39(12):2294-2304
本文将同侪影响引入在线创新社区的用户行为研究中,从广度和深度两方面考察同侪影响对用户贡献行为的影响,并分析感知收益的中介作用。研究以小米社区MIUI功能与讨论区的创意集市板块为对象构建S-O-R模型,采用6567名用户发布的8830条创意、5.26万条评论和收到的103.36万条评论数据,利用Mplus8.1分析检验,结果发现：同侪影响广度与深度均有利于促进用户贡献行为,综合收益在同侪影响广度、深度与用户贡献行为间起正向中介效应,情感收益仅在同侪影响广度、深度与主动贡献行为间起正向中介效应,而认知收益则在同侪影响深度与反应贡献行为间起负向中介效应。研究拓展了在线网络情境下知识管理与社会学领域的交叉研究,并为在线创新社区社交网络和知识管理提供重要启示。 相似文献
4.
鉴于发明者在创新活动中的“抱团”研发现象,采用GN算法,识别可再生能源行业发明者合作创新网络的社群结构,根据社群内部成员和社群经纪人网络位点的不同,通过相邻期社群动态追踪,划分社群结构动态配置,实证社群配置与社群创新能力间的关系。结果表明：发明者合作创新网络存在明显的社群划分,不同类型的社群动态配置对社群发明者创新影响显著不同。总体为,动态与静态相协调的社群配置优于双动或双静的社群配置,具体为,“动荡”社群创新能力最弱,“纽带”社群创新能力最强,“独立”及“固化”社群介于两者间。以促进发明者创新,政策应该有利于创新网络动态及稳定的折中。 相似文献
5.
Howard E. Aldrich 《Research Policy》2012,41(7):1240-1248
The academic field of entrepreneurship research has grown from groups of isolated scholars doing research on small businesses to an international community of departments, institutes, and foundations promoting research on new and high-growth firms. Growth has produced increasingly systematic and interconnected knowledge and growing numbers of knowledge producers and knowledge users share core concepts, principles, and research methods, and a handful of highly cited scholars have emerged as thought leaders within research subfields. The field is increasingly formalized and anchored in a small set of intellectual bases, although there are also some signs of differentiation and fragmentation. Using an institutional theory perspective and drawing upon my experience in the field, I explore six forces creating the institutional infrastructure. First, social networking mechanisms have created a social structure facilitating connections between researchers. Second, publication opportunities have increased dramatically. Third, training and mentoring has moved to a collective rather than individual apprenticeship model. Fourth, major foundations and many other smaller funding sources have changed the scale and scope of entrepreneurship research. Fifth, new mechanisms have emerged that recognize and reward individual scholarship, reinforcing the identity of entrepreneurship research as a field and attracting new scholars into it. Sixth, globalizing forces have affected all of these trends. I conclude with some thoughts about the consequences of these developments with regard to the giving of practical and timely advice to entrepreneurs, the effects of American hegemony on choices of research topics and methods, and the possible loss of theoretical eclecticism. 相似文献
6.
以江苏两个产业集群内的199个创业者为被试对象,对产业集群内创业者社会资本如何通过信息能力影响创业机会价值进行了实证研究。结果表明,信息能力在创业者社会资本影响创业机会价值中发挥了中介作用。 相似文献
7.
构建内外部社会关系网络、培育和利用社会资本,是创客空间高效运行并实现目标的有效途径。基于双创情境特征,研究创客空间社会资本的形成及影响机理。研究表明,社区自治和创客网络社群影响创客空间内外部社会资本的形成。创客空间社会资本可分为结构、关系和认知三个维度,并以强弱联系、互惠规范和信任、共同价值观与愿景等形式,为创客提供知识共享和资源获取环境,促进技术创新和社会利润实现。以亚洲最大创客空间--北京创客空间为例,分析其社会资本形成过程及其对创客创新创业的影响。以促进创客空间高效运行和创客创新创业为目标,从社会资本结构、关系和认知三维度出发,为政府、社会、创客空间等相关主体提供建议。 相似文献
8.
在社会化媒体时代,如何在创新社区的海量数据环境中识别出领先用户,是企业从创新社区中获取价值的关键问题。本文从语言风格的视角出发,首先通过内容分析法探索了创新社区中领先用户表达的典型语言风格特征,即成就需求、未来导向、积极情绪和集体主义。其次,收集了355名创新社区用户所发表的47310篇帖子,利用自动文本分析方法对其中包含的积极情绪、集体主义和未来导向语言风格进行了测量,并验证了这四种语言风格与用户领先性的关系。研究结果表明,创新社区用户生成内容中所表现的语言风格起到了“信号”的作用：除了集体主义之外,成就需求、未来导向和积极情绪的语言风格都与用户领先性有显著的正向关系,可以作为识别领先用户的有效指标。最后,讨论了基于语言风格的领先用户识别机制的理论意义和实践价值。 相似文献
9.
Junghwan KimAuthor Vitae Donald R. JonesAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(2):111-120
As a significant source of knowledge, virtual communities have stimulated interest in knowledge management research. Nonetheless, very few studies to date have examined the demand-side knowledge perspective such as knowledge acquisition in virtual communities. In order to explore the knowledge acquisition process within virtual communities, this study proposes the cognitive selection framework of knowledge acquisition strategy in virtual communities. The proposed framework takes a cognitive perspective, to identify how knowledge recipients select their strategy for acquiring specialized knowledge, emphasizing their cognitive goals (e.g., cognitive replication and innovation) and cognitive motivators (e.g., virtual community self-efficacy, heightened enjoyment, and time resources). Our results suggest that knowledge recipients’ cognitive motivators differentially influence their cognitive goals (cognitive replication and innovation), which, in turn, are related to their selection of knowledge acquisition strategy (static and dynamic acquisition strategy), respectively. 相似文献
10.
双元均衡创新对于国际创业具有重要作用,且二者之间的关系受到社会网络的影响。本文基于组织双元、社会网络等理论,选取中国上市公司中的天生国际化企业2011-2020年的面板数据,探究双元均衡创新的平衡维度、互补维度对天生国际化企业国际创业绩效的影响,以及社会网络中心度与结构洞的调节效应。研究发现：双元均衡创新的平衡维度和互补维度均对天生国际化企业国际创业绩效具有正向影响,社会网络中心度和结构洞均负向调节互补维度与国际创业绩效之间的关系,而对平衡维度与国际创业绩效之间的关系的无调节作用。研究结论在一定程度上拓展了双元均衡创新的研究视角,并完善了社会网络、双元均衡创新以及国际创业之间的内在逻辑。 相似文献
11.
在我国开展全民创业情景下,创业教育显得尤为重要。通过一个多层次的理论框架,实证研究决定创业研究成果的关键因素,包括宏观制度环境、中观社会网络以及高校内部的微观因素,探究这些要素之间的内部机理,发现宏观制度环境的作用并不显著,而科研基金、创业教育机构、学者之间网络能够促进高校的研究能力,同时教育机构、学者之间的社会网络具有正向调节作用。 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104818
Transformative innovation policies can provide systemic solutions to socio-environmental challenges because of their “experimental”, “reflexive” and “inclusive” character. We contend that social enterprises can act as catalysts for transformative innovation for the geographically and socially marginalized. Thus, including social enterprises in transformative innovation policies can mitigate the negative effects of innovation-based growth, making policies more socially and geographically inclusive. Following a syncretic approach to the literatures on transformative innovation policies and social entrepreneurship, this paper identifies the key dimensions of social enterprises' transformative innovation potential: directionality (i.e., social goals as the purpose of innovation); social and geographical inclusiveness (i.e., the inclusion of marginalized areas and individuals in the provision of goods or services); reflexivity (in terms of participatory governance and monitoring the achievement of goals); and experimental character (in terms of establishing partnerships with heterogeneous actors). We then assess this capacity through an exploratory cluster analysis of Italian social enterprises. We identify three distinct groups that suggest a range of entrepreneurial approaches from largely transformative to not at all. The transformative innovation readiness of social enterprises has implications for policymakers seeking to undertake pilot schemes and implement actions that support an appropriately transformative innovation ecosystem. 相似文献
13.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(6):102353
In this paper, we focus on the problem of discovering internally connected communities in event-based social networks (EBSNs) and propose a community detection method by utilizing social influences between users. Different from traditional social network, EBSNs contain different types of entities and links, and users in EBSNs have more complex behaviours. This leads to poor performance of the traditional social influence computation method in EBSNs. Therefore, to quantify the pairwise social influence accurately in EBSNs, we first propose to compute two types of social influences, i.e., structure-based social influence and behaviour-based social influence, by utilizing the online social network structure and offline social behaviours of users. In particular, based on the specific features of EBSNs, the similarities of user preference on three aspects (i.e., topics, regions and organizers) are utilized to measure the behaviour-based social influence. Then, we obtain the unified pairwise social influence by combining these two types of social influences through a weight function. Next, we present a social influence based community detection algorithm which is referred to as SICD. In SICD, inspired by the nonlinear feature learning ability of the autoencoder, we first devise a neighborhood based deep autoencoder algorithm to obtain nonlinear community-oriented latent representations of users, and then utilize the k-means algorithm for community detection. Experimental results conducted on real-world dataset show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. 相似文献
14.
本文旨在通过探索创业活动的中介作用打开社会保障影响区域经济增长的“黑箱”,破解“社会保障之谜”。基于资源依赖理论和需求层次理论,构建了社会保障、创业与区域经济增长关系的理论模型,运用2009—2016年间省级动态面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明：（1）失业保障对生存型创业具有负向影响,但对机会型创业具有正向影响;养老保障对生存型创业和机会型创业都具有正向影响;（2）生存型创业对区域经济增长具有负向影响,而机会型创业对区域经济增长具有正向影响;（3）机会型创业和生存型创业在社会保障与区域经济增长的关系间具有部分中介作用,且在技术和资本禀赋由低及高的区域中,社会保障对区域经济的影响由单一化向多元化转变。本文为解开“社会保障之谜”提供了新的研究视角,为政府营造有利于生存型创业向机会型创业转变的社会保障制度环境提供了一定的指导和借鉴。 相似文献
15.
知识刚性日益成为阻碍企业持续生存与发展的关键因素,而对如何克服知识刚性,学界关注较少。近年来,从创业导向来研究知识刚性的克服问题得到了学界的关注,但现有理论研究并不能很好地解释实践。基于此,研究以高技术企业为对象,在中国东部的沿海区域,选取了185家作为样本,尝试从环境动态性的视角,探析与构建创业导向对知识刚性的克服机制。研究显示,对知识刚性而言,创业导向对其有显著的负向作用,创新性维度、风险承担性维度亦对其有明显的负向影响。研究还显示,就创业导向对知识刚性之克服效应而言,环境动态性在其中发挥了积极的促进作用。 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104675
In hacker communities, tech-savvy pioneers collect and share information on nascent technologies. The pool of information shared among users reduces uncertainty about digital technology, but, first and foremost, it reveals entrepreneurial opportunities to users in the community, which is a central tenet of innovation commons theory. In this paper, we are first to explore the role of local hackerspaces for digital entrepreneurship in German counties using cross-sectional time series data. We find that longer-lasting hackerspaces are strongly correlated with the level of digital entrepreneurship in regions, particularly in agglomerations and urban contexts. 相似文献
17.
The scholarly literature on innovation was for a long time not very voluminous. But as shown in the paper, this is now rapidly changing. New journals, professional associations and organizational units within universities focusing on innovation have also been formed. This paper explores the cognitive and organizational characteristics of this emerging field of social science and considers its prospects and challenges. The research reported in this paper is based on a web-survey in which more than one thousand scholars worldwide took part. 相似文献
18.
本文以2002-2012年全国私营企业调查数据为研究样本，通过构建混合截面数据模型，探讨了在制度演进过程中，创业者人力资本和社会网络的价值及其变化趋势问题。研究发现，随着制度的演进，人力资本对创业绩效的贡献率没有表现出明显的变化趋势，而社会网络的贡献率则表现出逐期递减的变化趋势；高人力资本和强社会网络投入显著地提升了创业绩效，并表现出一种“强者愈强，弱者愈弱”的马太效应；进一步，社会网络对创业绩效的贡献在处于竞争程度较高行业中的小规模企业中作用更大。本文的研究结论揭示了在制度演进过程中，创业企业成长中人力资本和社会网络的价值及其变化的意义，这对于拓展转型经济的创业理论和理解我国特定制度背景下的创业行为特征，有着重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
19.
This paper focuses on Christopher Freeman's contributions to the field of innovation studies. First, we consider his role as the creator of various organisational and intellectual frameworks crucial for the field's development, including the main research activities he initiated. Next, we examine the publications by Freeman that these activities led to. A database of surveys of the innovation literature, assembled from articles in handbooks covering this area, is used to identify the most influential of his writings for this field. In addition, citations to these works in scholarly journals are analysed in order to examine the nature and extent of his influence on other scholars. The final section sums up the evidence regarding Freeman's influence on the field's development. A list of Freeman's scholarly works is included as Appendix B. 相似文献
20.
Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献