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DNA分子标记技术在水生动物遗传多样性研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简要阐述了几种常见DNA分子标记技术,如限制性片断长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphie DNA,RAPD)、扩增片断长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)、简单重复序列或微卫星标记(simpie sequencerepeat,SSR)、内部简单重复序列(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)和单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotidepelymorphisms,SNP)等的基本原理、技术上的优缺点及其在水生动物遗传多样性研究中的应用,包括遗传多样性的鉴定、品种亲缘关系与分类的研究和种质资源的鉴定等.最后,对DNA分子标记技术在水生动物遗传多样性应用中的存在问题进行了简单的讨论. 相似文献
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文章以樱草杜鹃、大花黄牡丹、长鞭红景天、露蕊乌头、苞叶雪莲、藏橐吾、独一味、砂生槐、拉萨蒲公英、拉萨小檗10种藏药材为研究对象,提取基因组DNA,对其线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅲ亚基(cox3)的部分片段进行了PCR扩增、测序及序列分析,用Bioedit软件与Gen Bank数据库中相关植物的序列进行序列比对,并用MEGA6.0软件做系统进化树(NJ),运用Codon W软件计算密码子的RSCU值。通过PCR扩增获得了10种藏药材的长度为750bp的目的片段,通过序列比对发现cox3基因在不同植物中变异位点较少,序列比较保守;基于cox3部分基因序列构建的NJ树反映了物种的进化关系,可以作为物种系统发育分析的补充;密码子偏好性分析发现,cox3基因偏好使用以AU结尾的密码子。樱草杜鹃等10种藏药材的COXⅢ基因部分片段的扩增与序列分析从序列比对分析、构建系统进化树、密码子偏好性分析水平上分析了cox3基因部分序列在樱草杜鹃等10种藏药材的差异,为植物cox3基因的功能、表达研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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研究了红水河野生鳙Aristichthys nobilis上游、中游和下游3个群体29个个体的线粒体控制区(D-loop)和细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因序列,通过PCR扩增与测序,分别获得了长度为823bp和1090 bp的D-loop和Cyt b基因片段。分析表明,D-loop序列共定义了15个单倍型,存在17个多态位点,发生转换4次,插入/缺失13次。Cyt b序列共定义了5个单倍型,存在7个多态性位点,发生转换2次,插入/缺失5次。两序列分析结果表明,群体间和群体内遗传距离较小,遗传变异的分子变异等级不显著。上、中、下游均有共享单倍型,3个群体间遗传分化不大。 相似文献
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《科技通报》2017,(2)
DNA条形码技术是一种新型的生物身份识别系统,能够利用鉴别物种内的一段标准的、具有足够变异性、并相对较短且易扩增的DNA片段对生物物种实现快速的自动鉴定。本研究首先采用试剂盒提取法从17个贝母种79个样品中提取了基因组DNA,并进行了纯度与浓度鉴定;然后采用ITS1、ITS2序列引物进行PCR扩增和产物测序,最后进行序列比对,以明确DNA条形码序列ITS1和ITS2在浙贝母种质资源中的鉴定效果。结果发现,浙贝母地方种间的ITS序列差异不大,ITS序列对浙贝母种内分辨率过于低下。由此表明DNA条形码ITS1、ITS2序列并不太适合用作浙贝母的DNA条形码技术。 相似文献
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最近,中国科学院生态环境研究中心、城市与区域生态国家重点实验室朱永官课题组采用实时定量PCR(qPCR)、末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)、以及构建克隆文库分析的方法,研究了采自于中国南方13个水稻田土壤样品中微生物的砷转化基因的丰度和多样性,证实砷氧化基因(aioA)、砷呼吸还原基因(arrA)、砷解毒还原基因(arsC)和砷甲基化基因(arsM)广泛地存在于水稻土中. 相似文献
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目的:建立广西产地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L.)拳卷地钱(Marchantia convoluta gao et chang.)和粗裂地钱(Marchantia paleacea Bertol.)的分子鉴别方法。方法:利用RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA)技术。结果:采用改良的CTAB法提取地钱、拳卷地钱、粗裂地钱3种植物的总DNA均适用于22引物对供试材料DNA进行随机扩增,共扩增出145条谱带,多态性条带128条,占扩增总条带的88.3%,平均多态性百分率为89.8%;三种地钱遗传距离为0.3713-0.4107、Nei′s遗传一致度为0.5893-0.6287。结论:RAPD技术对广西产地钱、拳卷地钱、粗裂地钱进行分子鉴定是有效的。RAPD分析。 相似文献
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人类疾病的基因治疗 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基因是细胞内遗传物质的功能单位。脱氧核酸(DNA)是基因的物质基础。DNA分子上排列着各种不同基因,构成人体基因组。它携带着细胞内的所有蛋白质的遗传信息,编码支配细胞生长、分化的一切指令。因此,在生命过程中它起着主宰的作用。遗传信息按分子生物学的中心法则传递和表达。即DNA的脱氧核苷酸序列忠实地被拷贝成相应的核苷酸序列信使RNA(mRNA)。这个过程叫做基因转录。然后,再以mRNA为模板翻译成具有相应氨基酸序列的蛋白质,此过程叫做基因翻译。上述转录和翻译过程就是所谓的基因表达。基因表达受多种因素调控,只有在适当的时间和部位表达适当量的蛋白质才能发挥其正常功能作用, 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献