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以517名聋人大学生为被试,采用问卷调查法,考察了聋人大学生乐观的现状以及情绪应对与乐观、情感幸福感之间的关系。结果发现:9.86%的聋人大学生不太乐观;大一聋人大学生乐观显著高于大二聋人大学生;女聋人大学生乐观显著高于男聋人大学生;来源于城市的聋人大学生乐观显著高于来源于农村的聋人大学生;情绪表达在乐观与积极情感之间发挥中介作用。 相似文献
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《黑龙江教育学院学报》2016,(1):76-79
目的:探讨大学生成人依恋与父母教养方式之间的关系。方法:采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、亲密关系体验调查问卷(ECR)对280名大学生进行调查研究。结果:(1)非独生子女大学生在父亲因子(情感温暖、理解Ⅰ;过分干涉Ⅲ)和母亲因子(情感温暖、理解Ⅰ、过分干涉、过度保护Ⅳ上的得分显著低于独生子女大学生;在依恋回避因子上的得分显著高于独生子女大学生。(2)来自农村的大学生在父亲因子(情感温暖、理解Ⅰ;过分干涉Ⅲ;过度保护Ⅵ)和母亲因子(情感温暖、理解Ⅰ、过分干涉、过度保护Ⅳ上的得分显著低于来自城市的大学生;在依恋回避因子上的得分显著高于来自城市的大学生。(3)影响依恋回避的因子有母亲因子(惩罚、严厉Ⅱ;拒绝、否认Ⅲ),影响依恋焦虑的因子有母亲因子(拒绝、否认Ⅲ;偏爱被试Ⅴ)和父亲因子(偏爱被试Ⅳ;过度保护Ⅵ)。结论:大学生父母教养方式上存在差异,这种差异对成人依恋有显著影响。 相似文献
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对邢台某高校516名学生进行父母教养方式的问卷调查.结果表明:在父亲的惩罚严厉和拒绝否认维度,男生的得分显著高于女生的得分;在父亲的偏爱被试维度,独生子女的得分显著低于非独生子女的得分;在父亲的拒绝否认维度,独生子女的得分显著高于非独生子女的得分. 相似文献
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在利用塞利格曼的习得性乐观和ABCDE理论对宁波大红鹰学院82名需要心理援助的本科生进行一系列的心理指导的基础上,采用悲观—乐观解释风格量表进行前后测并统计分析发现：（1）被试解释风格从悲观水平改善至平均水平,在人格化维度上成效最为显著;（2）对女生的指导效果好于男生;（3）对文科和理工科学生的指导效果无显著差异。以上差异在0.99置信水平下均具有显著意义。 相似文献
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免费师范生职业倾向的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以陕西师范大学1349名大一新生为被试,对免费师范生在社会型上的职业倾向进行分析。研究结果表明:免费师范生、非免费师范生和非师范生的职业倾向在社会型上不存在差异;属于社会型的免费师范生在性别和生源地方面无显著差异;不同专业免费师范生的职业倾向在社会型上的差异显著。 相似文献
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目的:考察在押服刑人员心理弹性、应对方式的特点及二者之间的关系,为开展有针对性的教育改造和教育训练提供依据。方法:采用《应对方式量表》和《成人心理弹性量表》对97名在押服刑人员开展调查。结果:①在押服刑人员采用应对方式的顺序依次为:解决问题、求助、退避、合理化、幻想和自责;在押服刑人员成熟型应对方式得分显著高于不成熟星及混合型(F=17.89,p<0.001);②不同服刑期被试在成熟与不成熟总均分上差异不显著(t=0.67,t=-1.68;p>0.05);③心理弹性总均分与成熟型应对方式具有显著的正相关(r=0.51,p<0.01);④对成熟型应对方式具有显著预测性的心理弹性维度依次是:坚韧、力量和乐观。结论:总体上,在押服刑人员的心理弹性处于中等偏上水平;在押服刑人员更多地采用成熟型的应对方式;心理弹性对成熟型应对方式具有显著的预测作用。 相似文献
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为考察小学生的表征类型对应用题解决的影响,作者以四类算术应用题为实验材料,在自由选择和迫选两种条件下对150名四年级小学生进行实验研究。结果表明:在自由选择条件下,四年级小学生倾向采用适宜表征解决不同类型的应用题,且适宜表征的解题正确率较高;在迫选条件下,适宜表征组被试的解题正确率高于自由选择条件下被试的解题正确率,也显著高于非适宜表征组被试的解题正确率,而非适宜表征组被试的解题正确率显著低于自由选择条件下被试的解题正确率。 相似文献
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赖建权 《内江师范学院学报》2013,28(2):75-80
以大学生和在职员工为被试,对优于常人效应和偏差盲点效应进行检验.结果发现:大学生和在职员工均表现出显著的优于常人效应和偏差盲点效应;同时发现,大学生被试在社会比较中的偏差效应明显大于员工被试;此外,人格特质自信对优于常人效应有影响,人格特质对偏差盲点效应没有显著影响. 相似文献
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不同家庭气氛下子女人格特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用龚耀先修订的EPQ(儿童版)对200名不同家庭气氛下的子女进行测量,并用SPSS13.0对数据进行处理,以考察不同家庭气氛下子女的人格特征.结果发现在外倾性分量表上,男性被试得分高于女性被试,城镇被试得分高于农村被试,且差异显著;而且不同家庭气氛下的被试在神经质和精神质分量表上的得分也存在差异,且差异达到显著性水平.这表明和谐型家庭气氛比冲突型和离散型家庭气氛更有利于子女良好人格特征的培养. 相似文献
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Memory of incidentally learned material was investigated across three developmental levels in immediate and delay conditions. Subjects (56 first graders, 56 sixth graders, and 56 college students) were assigned randomly within developmental level to one of four experimental conditions: Type I immediate, Type I delay, Type II immediate, or Type II delay. In the Type I paradigm, subjects looked at pictures but were given no explicit instruction to remember, and in the Type II paradigm, subjects were instructed to remember specific pictures when shown all stimuli. Paradigm interacted with recall condition and significant amounts of incidental learning proved durable for sixth graders and college students. Incidental learning increased with age in both paradigms, suggesting that previously reported divergent developmental trends may not be the result of the type of paradigm. 相似文献
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地震灾区大学生心理危机反应与干预 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年的五·一二大地震,给国民造成了巨大的心理冲击,给四川同胞造成了深重的灾难,它不但摧毁了人们的物质家园,而且破坏了人们的心灵家园,尤其对灾区20岁左右的大学生们来说,他们最重要的一种心理需求——安全感可能被严重挫伤乃至摧毁,因此这也极易造成他们心理危机的产生。对灾区大学生心理危机干预的必要性、心理危机干预的策略进行了较为深入地阐述。 相似文献
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才果 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014,(3):140-144
目的：了解4．14玉树地震2周年后,震区藏族大学生的心理健康状况。方法：采用精神症状自评量表（sCL-90）,用随机抽样的方法,对青海某高校来自玉树震区的173名藏族大学生进行问卷测查,并比较分析。结果：被试中至少有一个SCL-90因子得分≥3分的学生占总被试的48．6％;被试的躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐怖、偏执和精神病性8个因子的得分均高于国内正常人常模,并9个因子均有非常显著性差异（p〈0．001）。结论：来自玉树震区的藏族大学生心理健康状况不容乐观,且女生的心理隐患高于男生。因此,青海高校有针对性和有效性地开展心理健康教育已刻不容缓。 相似文献
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目的：比较汶川地震一年后两个受灾程度不同的地区的中学生的创伤后成长（PTG）的情况,并研究创伤后成长与抑郁症状和FI＇SD症状的关系。方法：采用创伤后成长问卷（PTGI）、儿童抑郁量表（CDI）、儿童版事件影响量表（CRIES）等问卷对大足中学（一般灾区）和敖平中学（极重灾区）的428名初中生进行测查。结果：大足中学的学生PTGI得分显著低于敖平中学的学生,CDI得分显著高于敖平中学的学生,两校学生CRIES总分差异边缘显著,主要是大足中学学生在侵袭分量表的得分高于敖平中学学生;两学校学生的PTGI得分与CDI得分均为显著负相关,PTGI得分与CRIES得分相关不一致。结论：震后一年,极重灾区的中学生比一般灾区的中学生有更高水平的创伤后成长,且有更少的抑郁症状。 相似文献
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This paper examines the relationship between admission status and college performance. In particular, we analyze admissions data from Hamilton College and find that students who applied through the Early Decision Plan II program have significantly lower GPAs and are less likely to receive departmental honors, fellowships, and outside scholarships than those admitted through the regular decision process. However, the results for Early Decision Plan I students are less consistent. These students have lower outcomes for some measures of academic achievement, but not others, than regular decision students. 相似文献
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The study examined the incremental validity of thinking styles in predicting academic achievement after controlling for personality and achievement motivation in the hypermedia‐based learning environment. Seventy‐two Chinese college students from Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, took part in this instructional experiment. The End‐Of‐Semester test was designed to examine the students’ achievement in the course of General Psychology. The results partially supported the hypotheses concerning the relationships between students’ Type I and II thinking styles and their academic achievement in Type I test (including analysis, problem‐solving, and essay tests) and Type II test (including multiple‐choice and cloze tests), and showed that some Type III styles were significantly related to their academic achievement. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the capacity of thinking styles for explaining and predicting academic achievement was sometimes over and above the sum of personality traits and achievement motivation. Implications for educational practice are discussed. 相似文献
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Tara L. Haynes Joelle C. Ruthig Raymond P. Perry Robert H. Stupnisky Nathan C. Hall 《Research in higher education》2006,47(7):755-779
Although optimism is generally regarded as a positive dispositional characteristic, unmitigated optimism can be problematic. The adaptiveness of overly optimistic expectations in novel or unfamiliar settings is questionable because individuals have little relevant experience on which to base such expectations. In this four-phase longitudinal study we examined over-optimism in students when making the transition from a familiar academic setting (high school) to a novel academic setting (college). In particular, we focused on the efficacy of attributional retraining (AR), a control-enhancing intervention, to ameliorate the scholastic transition of overly optimistic students in terms of academic-related causal attributions and control perceptions, course grades, and overall GPAs. Results suggest that overly optimistic college students who did not receive the AR intervention increasingly endorsed maladaptive causal explanations for academic performance, and performed at the same level as students with extremely low optimism. Conversely, as expected, over-optimists who received the AR intervention significantly increased in their use of adaptive causal explanations and perceptions of control, in addition to academically outperforming the no-AR/over-optimists. These findings indicate that the potential risks associated with over-optimism may be reduced by pairing optimism with AR to induce adaptive cognitions, thereby facilitating achievement. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Olson 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(3):428-440
This paper examines sexual prejudice against gays and lesbians by college students. The sample consisted of 325 undergraduate students at a mid-sized Midwestern university. Respondents completed Herek’s Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men scale (short form) to determine levels of sexual prejudice. Comparisons were then made by respondent major to determine whether criminal justice students displayed higher levels of sexual prejudice than other students. Unlike prior research on criminal justice students and sexual prejudice, the criminal justice respondents in this study were not significantly more prejudiced against gays and lesbians. Male and female students scored similarly on their attitudes toward lesbian women, but male students were more likely to have higher levels of prejudice against gay men. Students who had gay friends and/or family members held significantly lower levels of prejudice against both gay men and lesbians than those who had no gay friends or family members. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptual orientation and attitudes toward science of freshman community college students and the relationship of these characteristics toward science achievement. It was found that perceptual orientation (field independence-dependence) was related to attitudes toward science. In addition, it was found that students who were field independent and possessed a positive attitude toward science scored significantly higher on the science achievement test than students who were field dependent and possessed a negative attitude toward science. 相似文献
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Because several studies have investigated student outcomes in schools implementing Response to Intervention (RtI), relatively little research has investigated the impact of implementation on students’ long‐term achievement outcomes (i.e., several years after exposure). The purpose of this study was to describe one elementary school's RtI implementation process and to examine students’ long‐term reading comprehension outcomes following their exposure to various phases of implementation. Four cohorts of students who experienced different implementation phases (i.e., a baseline condition or Phases I, II, or III of implementation) during Grade 2 were subsequently followed across Grades 3, 4, and 5 to examine their outcomes on two reading comprehension measures. Results indicated that students who experienced the early phases of RtI implementation (i.e., Phases I and II) during Grade 2 generally had higher mean comprehension scores in Grades 4 and 5 than students in the baseline condition. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献