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1.
SRM功率自行车模拟场地原地起动训练的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的:通过对SRM功率自行车使用不同档住无氧测试结果的比较,并与场地原地起动训练结果对比,对自行车运动员原地起动能力的实验室测试、评定方法进行探讨。方法:8名优秀男子短距离自行车运动员使用SRM功率自行车9~13档进行15s起动测试和场地166m原地起动训练,对测试结果进行比较、分析。结果:用SRM功率自行车在选择不同档住进行测试时,Pmax除了在9~10、10~11、11~12之间没有显著性差异之外,其余各档住之间都有显著性差异。SRM功率自行车11档测出的TPmax、TCmax、Cmax结果与场地测试结果之间无显著性差异。结论:1)运动员最大功率和总功率输出水平是运动能力的基础,专项最大功率的出现取决于环境阻力和选取与环境阻力相匹配的最佳传动比,阻力或频率的改变都会使人体输出功率改变。2)使用SRM功率自行车进行测试时,应根据运动员的训练水平不同,选取合适的档住,在实验室模拟场地原地起动166m训练,11档是最合适的。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨4周1 900 m高原训练对短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的影响.方法:上海自行车队7名男子场地自行车短距离运动员进行为期4周的海拔1 900 m高原训练.每周训练安排相同,包括公路有氧课5节、场地专项课4节、身体力量课2节,训练负荷逐渐增加,第4周减量调整.分别在高原训练前、后相同时间测试空腹体成分,进行15 s最大频率、最大功率测试,以及45 s×2组(间歇20 min)功率维持能力测试,选取时间点测试HR和BLa,并计算15s分段功率;分别在高原训练前、结束后和结束2周后采静脉血测试血常规、T、C,高原训练1周后相同方法加测血常规.结果:1)高原训练后运动员体重、体脂%、骨骼肌质量和脂肪质量没有显著变化(P>0.05);2)高原训练后血红蛋白和红细胞压积分别提高了7.4%和6.9%(P<0.05),而睾酮提高了22.9% (P<0.01);3)高原训练后15s骑行测试中的最大频率无变化,最大功率仅提高2.4%(P>0.05);4)高原训练后两组45s测试中的最大和平均功率均无显著变化(P>0.05),但一、二组间的最大功率下降率和平均功率下降率分别降低40.5%和51.8%(P<0.01),且第一组结束后3min、第二组开始前和第二组结束后3 min的血乳酸分别降低了11.2%、21.2%和9.5%(P<0.01),而20min间歇期内的乳酸消除率明显提高.结论:4周1 900 m高原训练未对自行车短距离运动员的最大频率和最大功率产生显著影响,但以糖酵解代谢供能为主的重复做功和做功维持能力,以及疲劳消除能力均有所提高.  相似文献   

3.
场地自行车在直弯道之间的速度波动研究   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
用5台德国产自行车数据收集分析系统(SRM自行车仪),收集、处理在南京、深圳、昆明等场地自行车训练和比赛的生物力学数据,按照不同场地,不同骑行速度计算人车系统在进出直弯道时平均速度和最大速度的变化。结果表明:速度波动与场地半径有显著性关系。当自行车从直道进入弯道时速度增加,而自行车从弯道进入直道时速度减小。250m场地上的速度波动比333.3m场地更大。速度波动与运动员骑行速度没有显著性关系。  相似文献   

4.
目的:研究4 000 m场地自行车运动VO2反应,及前15 s高功率起动对运动成绩的影响。方法:11名男子自行车运动员在功率车上进行递增负荷试验和两种不同起动强度的4 000 m运动。首先进行前60 s平均功率(128±2)%MAP即(501.7±41.9)w强度对照模式运动;5 h后进行模拟模式运动,强度在第8~10 s达到最高值235%MAP(928.3±77.6)w,后逐步下降,15 s时至平均功率(421.9±40.1)w,维持15~60 s。60 s之后两组均进行自由速度模式,强度控制在380~420 w之间。结果:整个测试过程模拟组较对照组平均功率高19 w左右,有统计学差异。模拟组15~60 sVO2高于对照组,模拟组15s~60sVO2高于对照组,而AOD却低于对照组,对整个运动表现有促进作用。结论:4 000 m场地自行车运动前15 s高输出功率可伴随着更快的VO2反应而不是单一归于节省时间理论,并可促进中等距离自行车计时运动员的摄氧动员能力。  相似文献   

5.
目的:分别建立室内功率自行车踏频递增骑行和一次力竭骑行2种运动模式,探讨Actigraph GT3X+加速度计3个轴向上的加速度计数变化评价自行车运动员不同强度骑行状态下下肢骑行稳定性的有效性。方法:青年男性自行车运动员等分入优秀组(EG)和普通组(NG)。2组运动员在1周内分别进行Wattbike功率自行车递增运动负荷骑行测试(GXT)和模拟1 km计时骑行测试(1 kmTT),2次测试间隔72 h。测试中分别在运动员的右腿腓骨头下缘和外踝上缘固定1个Actigraph GT3X+三轴加速度计,测量膝、踝关节在矢状轴(SA)、冠状轴(CA)和垂直轴(VA)方向上的加速度计数。结果:(1)GXT中,2组运动员膝、踝关节3个轴向的加速度计数均表现为VA>SA>CA,并随着骑行频率的提高而有所增加;2组运动员膝、踝关节VA轴向加速度计数均与骑行功率显著相关(r>0.9),仅NG组膝关节CA计数与功率存在中度相关关系(0.70.8,P<0.01),但组间未见明显差异。结论:膝、踝关节的CA加速度计数变化可有效评价下肢运动环节的骑行稳定性,CA计数增加提示下肢稳定性降低。膝关节SA加速度计数是反映运动员踏蹬过程中是否有主动抬腿上提、促进踏蹬圆滑的有效指标。  相似文献   

6.
自行车骑行是一个受重力、地面支撑力、空气阻力、地面摩擦力等多种力综合作用的过程,而在户外骑行公路自行车因风速和骑行路面的变化受力过程更为复杂。健身车如何在骑行过程中做到现实场景的真实感,不仅需要在视觉上进行表现,更重要的是实现健身车骑行的负荷与实地骑行感觉的一致性。在力学分析的基础上,建立公路自行车骑行过程的动力学数学模型,通过模型求解,分析不同骑行状态下的特征与规律。仿真结果显示,在相对平缓路面上骑行时,速度应保持在12m/s左右;在通过连续起伏路段时,若距离较短可加快骑行速度,若距离较长应降低骑行速度;在以额定功率上坡和下坡骑行时,倾斜度较小的上坡路段和倾斜角度较大的下坡路段对速度影响不大;全力冲刺200m可达到速度的峰值,而200~250m是完成冲刺阶段的最佳距离。该组参数将运用于健身车样车的控制系统。  相似文献   

7.
目的:比较场地世界杯赛前阶段,两名自行车运动员(郭×、顾×)分别应用“减量增强度”和“训练量不变”两种功率车Tabata间歇训练方案的训练课中运动表现和生理机能适应的差异。方法:场地短距离自行车运动员郭×和顾×3周完成7节功率车Tabata间歇训练(TIET)课,每节课包括4组内容为次数不同的“120 r/min稳定踏频骑20 s +60 r/min放松恢复骑10 s”训练。郭×单节课总骑行次数逐步减少、总传动距离逐步增加,而顾×常规训练课总次数不变。采集训练课中的骑行功率、做功、心率及每组骑行后的血乳酸进行分析。结果:郭×单节课总做功从第1节课的266.8 kJ逐渐降低至第7节课的201.0 kJ,但单节课的平均功率出现逐课次增加的变化趋势。郭×仅第2节课的平均心率较第1节课下降6.1%,接下来5节课明显回升;郭×第6和第7节课后的血乳酸清除量(ΔBLa)分别显著升高至1.05 mmol/L和1.3 mmol/L。结论:在场地自行车赛前阶段完成的7节功率车Tabata训练课中,通过减少训练课骑行次数、增大阻力档位,可在提高训练强度的同时,降低训练量以促进体能恢复,完成“减量增强度”的赛前训练目标。  相似文献   

8.
研究自行车运动员在不同场地的骑行功率、阻力、速度及领骑尾随状态与场地条件之间的关系。用 5台德国产自行车数据收集分析系统 (SRM自行车仪 )收集 ,处理在南京、深圳、昆明、秦皇岛、香港、科罗拉多 (美国 )、卡里 (哥伦比亚 )等多个场地训练和比赛的生物力学数据后 ,按照不同场地和不同骑行状态计算在每个外在条件下运动员人车系统的阻力 ,并对其进行ANOVA分析。主要结论 :场地海拔和表面材质与骑行阻力有显著性关系。不论在什么场地骑行 ,领骑阻力与尾随阻力之间存在显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。在领骑时 ,阻力与速度有显著性关系(P<0 .0 1) ,而在尾随时阻力与速度没有表现出显著性关系。  相似文献   

9.
以26名优秀男子短跑运动员为研究对象,采用MONARK 894E无氧功率自行车分别进行10s、30s、60s无氧功率测试,并对运动后血乳酸浓度和安静状态、运动中、运动后心率进行测定分析。旨在研究100m、200m、400m优秀男子短跑运动员的磷酸原、糖酵解和混合无氧供能能力的特征。为合理制定发展专项无氧代谢能力的训练计划、科学进行运动监控提供服务。研究结果显示:100m、200m、400m运动员的无氧代谢能力具有显著的项目特征;100m运动员的磷酸原代谢能力最强,200m和400m运动员次之;400m运动员的糖酵乳酸能供能能力强于200m运动员,200m运动员强于100m运动员;100m、200m、400m运动员各自在接近于自己项目所需时间的10s、30s、60s无氧功率测试中均表现出显著的专项特点。  相似文献   

10.
对女子短距离自行车运动员45 s全力冲刺骑行进行下肢运动学分析,探讨不同水平运动员速度能力的特点,筛选可评价下肢踏蹬技术的运动学指标。使用三维红外运动捕捉系统及SRM自行车测功仪,采集上海自行车队4名女子短距离运动员场地车滚筒练习台上45 s全力冲刺骑行中的下肢运动学参数和踏频。结果表明,钟××速度能力较好,45 s全力冲刺骑行各阶段平均速度较高,但下肢踏蹬"圆滑度"还需进一步提高;顾××和姚××后程速度下降明显,速度耐力明显不足。在全力冲刺骑行后期,运动水平较高的运动员(钟××)踝关节活动度下降明显小于运动水平较低的运动员(顾××和姚××),提示踝关节活动度下降是影响自行车短距离项目运动员速度耐力的因素之一。  相似文献   

11.
目的:通过运动学指标分析,对自行车短距离项目几种力量耐力和速度力量训练方法的专项性和有效性进行对比研究。方法:选择上海自行车队短组3名男子优秀运动员为对象。选择2011年全国比赛8场1km计时赛,以及期间分别进行的8节原地750m和蓝线行进750m训练课进行力量耐力训练方法分析;选择同期进行的12场争先赛200m资格赛,以及12节大坡行进200m和牵引125+200m训练课进行速度力量训练方法分析。采用德国SRM系统采集运动学指标,分析数据包括各训练比赛中的功率、频率、速度,同时记录运动成绩。结果:(1)原地750m训练的前两个250m分段及总平均功率(Pmean)和平均频率(Cmean)均显著低于1km计时赛;蓝线行进750m各分段Pmean、Cmean和即刻速度均高于原地750m,且总Pmean和Cmean与1km计时赛相比无明显差异。(2)牵引125+200m训练的两个100m分段的Pmax和Cmean、200m总Cmean和50m分段即刻速度均显著高于大坡行进200m训练和争先资格赛。结论:蓝线20km/h行进出发750m和摩托车牵引125+200m训练方法可能是更加符合专项要求的自行车短距离专项力量耐力和速度力量训练。  相似文献   

12.
不同专项训练对男子短距离自行车运动员无氧能力的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
分析两个阶段不同侧重的专项训练前后男子短距离自行车运动员无氧功和专项成绩的变化,探讨不同专项训练对无氧能力的影响,为合理安排训练计划、评价训练效果提供依据。在冬训期间,对运动员的15s、30s无氧功和场地专项成绩测试结果显示,专项力量训练提高了运动员的磷酸原供能能力,但8周训练时间过长,造成了专项频率水平的降低,影响了成绩。专项频率训练虽然使无氧能力小幅下降,但对运动员骑行频率的改善从整体上提高了短距离运动员的专项成绩。在训练计划的制定中,应合理安排各种专项训练手段的比例。  相似文献   

13.
Nowadays, fixed gear competitions on outdoor circuits such as criteriums are regularly organized worldwide. To date, no study has investigated this alternative form of cycling. The purpose of the present study was to examine fixed gear performance indexes and to characterize physiological determinants of fixed gear cyclists. This study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 (n?=?36) examined correlations between performance indexes obtained during a real fixed gear criterium (time trial, fastest laps, averaged lap time during races, fatigue indexes) and during a sprint track time trial. Part 2 (n?=?9) examined correlations between the recorded performance indexes and some aerobic and anaerobic performance outputs (VO2max, maximal aerobic power, knee extensor and knee flexor maximal voluntary torque, vertical jump height and performance during a modified Wingate test). Results from Part 1 indicated significant correlations between fixed gear final performance (i.e. average lap time during the finals) and single lap time (time trial, fastest lap during races and sprint track time trial). In addition, results from Part 2 revealed significant correlations between fixed gear performance and aerobic indicators (VO2max and maximal aerobic power). However, no significant relationship was obtained between fixed gear cycling and anaerobic qualities such as strength. Similarly to traditional cycling disciplines, we concluded that fixed gear cycling is mainly limited by aerobic capacity, particularly criteriums final performance. However, specific skills including technical competency should be considered.  相似文献   

14.
场地自行车男子短距离项目包括争先赛、凯林赛和团体竞速赛。凡是符合专项比赛要求的力量就是专项力量,场地短距离项目的专项力量是运动员在最佳传动比的前提下,达到并保持最大骑行频率的踏蹬力。场地男子短距离项目的专项力量训练应采用小负荷快速发力的训练形式,训练手段应在动作结构、肌肉用力顺序和供能方式等方面与专项运动特征相近。目前,在一般力量训练与专项力量训练的关系、专项力量训练手段等方面还需要进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

15.
马国强  李之俊  米卫杰  刘茂 《体育科研》2010,31(6):55-57,64
分析自行车运动员在场地1 km计时赛和竞速赛中的专项数据变化规律,并与常用的速耐训练方法进行比较分析,探讨两个项目的专项速度耐力特征,为指导专项训练提供实验依据。1 km计时赛中,运动员往往在最后300 m左右出现体能的明显降低、专项速度耐力下降的现象。竞速赛中三道队员如果不能在前两圈跟骑过程中有效的节省体力,会在第三圈的后半圈出现耐力降低的专项特点。在短距离自行车专项训练中,专项速度耐力应当作为训练重点常抓不懈,并使用合适的传动比和贴近专项的训练方法,使专项训练强度能够保证比赛要求。  相似文献   

16.
The intent of this study was two-fold. The first aim was to investigate how cyclists orient forces applied by the feet to the pedals in response to varying power output and cadence demands, and the second was to assess whether competitive riders responded differently from recreational riders to such variations. One group consisted of US Cycling Federation category II licensed competitive cyclists (n = 7) and the second group consisted of recreational cyclists with no competitive experience (n = 38). The subjects rode an instrumented stationary 10-speed geared bicycle mounted on a platform designed to provide rolling and inertial resistance for six pedal rate/power output conditions for a minimum of 2 min for each ride. The pedalling rates were 60, 80 and 100 rev min-1 and the power outputs 100 and 235 W. All rides were presented in random order. The forces applied to the pedals, the pedal angle with respect to the crank and the crank angle were recorded for the final 30 s of each ride. From these data, a number of variables were computed including peak normal and tangential forces, crank torque, angular impulse, proportion of resultant force perpendicular to the crank, and pedal angle. Both the competitive and recreational groups responded similarly to increases in cadence and power output. There was a decrease in the peak normal forces, whereas the tangential component remained almost constant as cadence was increased. Regardless of cadence, the riders responded to increased power output demands by increasing the amount of positive angular impulse. All the riders had a reduced index of effectiveness as cadence increased. This was found to be the result of the large effect of the forces during recovery on this calculation. There were no significant differences between the two groups in each of these variables over all conditions. It was concluded that the lack of difference between the groups was a combined consequence of the limited degrees of freedom associated with the bicycle and that the relatively low power output for the competitive riders was insufficient to discriminate or highlight superior riding technique.  相似文献   

17.
优秀短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力特征研究   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
目的:比较不同性别和训练水平运动员无氧能力的差异,探讨短距离自行车运动员高能磷酸原供能、糖酵解供能和混合无氧供能能力的特征。方法:对16名优秀短距离自行车运动员进行10s(女)、15s(男)、30s和60s的无氧功测定,测定运动后即刻、运动后3min恢复心率和血乳酸。结果:1)磷酸原代谢能力表现出明显的性别差异,男运动员最大功率、相对最大功率、平均功率、相对平均功率、最大圈数都明显高于女运动员;2)30s和60s两种测试中,运动员爆发力表现出相同水平,但糖酵解代谢持续供能能力随运动时间的延长而明显下降;3)男子优秀运动员组15s无氧功最大功率、平均功率明显高于普通组。男、女最大圈数大于普通组,达到最大圈数时间小于或等于普通组;4)男子优秀组运动员30s、60s平均功率高于普通运动员组。女子优秀运动员组30s、60s平均功率、最大圈数明显高于普通运动员组,60s最大功率明显高于普通运动员组(P<0.05)。结论:1)优秀短距离自行车运动员具有较强的磷酸原代谢能力,男运动员明显强于女运动员;2)较强的糖酵解代谢能力是短距离自行车运动员无氧代谢能力的特征;3)评定磷酸原系统能力时,男、女运动员都使用10s无氧功测试为好;4)不同水平运动员的无氧代谢能力表现出明显差异,优秀运动员组强于普通运动员组。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to compare the cycling performance of cyclists and triathletes. Each week for 3 weeks, and on different days, 25 highly trained male cyclists and 18 highly trained male triathletes performed: (1) an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer for the determination of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), peak power output and the first and second ventilatory thresholds, followed 15 min later by a sprint to volitional fatigue at 150% of peak power output; (2) a cycle to exhaustion test at the VO2peak power output; and (3) a 40-km cycle time-trial. There were no differences in VO2peak, peak power output, time to volitional fatigue at 150% of peak power output or time to exhaustion at VO2peak power output between the two groups. However, the cyclists had a significantly faster time to complete the 40-km time-trial (56:18 +/- 2:31 min:s; mean +/- s) than the triathletes (58:57 +/- 3:06 min:s; P < 0.01), which could be partially explained (r = 0.34-0.51; P < 0.05) by a significantly higher first (3.32 +/- 0.36 vs 3.08 +/- 0.36 l x min(-1)) and second ventilatory threshold (4.05 +/- 0.36 vs 3.81 +/- 0.29 l x min(-1); both P < 0.05) in the cyclists compared with the triathletes. In conclusion, cyclists may be able to perform better than triathletes in cycling time-trial events because they have higher first and second ventilatory thresholds.  相似文献   

19.
Body position is known to alter power production and affect cycling performance. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical power output in two riding positions, and to calculate the effects on critical power (CP) and W′ estimates. Seven trained cyclists completed three peak power output efforts and three fixed-duration trial (3-, 5- and 12-min) riding with their hands on the brake lever hoods (BLH), or in a time trial position (TTP). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean power output during the 5-min trial was significantly different between BLH and TTP positions, resulting in a significantly lower estimate of CP, but not W′, for the TTP trial. In addition, TTP decreased the performance during each trial and increased the percentage difference between BLH and TTP with greater trial duration. There were no differences in pedal cadence or heart rate during the 3-min trial; however, TTP results for the 12-min trial showed a significant fall in pedal cadence and a significant rise in heart rate. The findings suggest that cycling position affects power output and influences consequent CP values. Therefore, cyclists and coaches should consider the cycling position used when calculating CP.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to assess the power output of field-based downhill mountain biking. Seventeen trained male downhill cyclists (age 27.1 +/- 5.1 years) competing nationally performed two timed runs of a measured downhill course. An SRM powermeter was used to simultaneously record power, cadence, and speed. Values were sampled at 1-s intervals. Heart rates were recorded at 5-s intervals using a Polar S710 heart rate monitor. Peak and mean power output were 834 +/- 129 W and 75 +/- 26 W respectively. Mean power accounted for only 9% of peak values. Paradoxically, mean heart rate was 168 +/- 9 beats x min(-1) (89% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Mean cadence (27 +/- 5 rev x min(-1)) was significantly related to speed (r = 0.51; P < 0.01). Analysis revealed an average of 38 pedal actions per run, with average pedalling periods of 5 s. Power and cadence were not significantly related to run time or any other variable. Our results support the intermittent nature of downhill mountain biking. The poor relationships between power and run time and between cadence and run time suggest they are not essential pre-requisites to downhill mountain biking performance and indicate the importance of riding dynamics to overall performance.  相似文献   

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