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信息可视化--知识服务网站的新形象 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
在知识服务网站中,信息可视化不但用图像来显示抽象信息之间的关系和信息中隐藏的特征,加深用户对数据含义的理解,而且用形象直观的图像来指引检索过程,加快检索速度。本文介绍了可视化的概念,信息可视化产生的背景、含义、发展现状和研究热点;在此基础上介绍了几种国外开发应用的检索可视化系统的实例。 相似文献
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杜仲 《大科技．科学之谜》2010,(4):50-51
从高中开始，我们将接触物理学中的另一个重要概念一场。在这之前，我们所接触的物质都是看得见、摸得着的实物，而场是物质存在的另一形式，它看不见、摸不着但又客观存在，物理学家不仅用它来描述相互作用，还发明了许多新概念来描述场本身，许多同学来信说对此很不适应。在这篇文章中，我们就以电磁现象来谈谈场，以期对大家的学习有所帮助。 相似文献
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通过介绍信息可视化引出信息检索可视化,对信息检索可视化的原理、用户研究、内容描述、映射技术、过程可视化、结果可视化和应用等研究进行了综合评述。 相似文献
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高速列车寿命预测技术专利计量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以描述发明新颖性和其应用价值的德温特手工代码为检索策略,以德温特数据库中与高速列车寿命预测相关的专利文献为基础,运用专利知识计量的理论和可视化软件CitesSpaceⅡ,对与重大产品和设施寿命预测相关的专利知识主体,在国家和组织间的分布及其发展的内容与特点进行可视化分析,为政府、企业、大学、科研机构等相关组织的技术创新和管理决策提供参考。 相似文献
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符静 《内蒙古科技与经济》2020,(10)
以《南京财经大学与其他财经类高校学科综合对比分析(2006-2016)》的完成过程为研究对象,探索了财经类高校学科评价的过程和方法,总结了相关的指标体系,分析过程中拓展了有效的相关数据,尽量做到对科研成果的全面评价,用可视化的展示方法揭示检索结果等,以期对今后学科评价工作有铺垫和引导的作用。 相似文献
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从概念集的定义出发，讨论了它的内涵及其在信息科学中的应用。在此基础上，着重分析了概念集在语义Web技术体系中所处的位置，并通过OWL语言来描述在语义Web构建概念集的方法和过程。 相似文献
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have been successfully used to automatically extract information from unstructured text through a detailed analysis of their content, often to satisfy particular information needs. In this paper, an automatic concept map construction technique, Fuzzy Association Concept Mapping (FACM), is proposed for the conversion of abstracted short texts into concept maps. The approach consists of a linguistic module and a recommendation module. The linguistic module is a text mining method that does not require the use to have any prior knowledge about using NLP techniques. It incorporates rule-based reasoning (RBR) and case based reasoning (CBR) for anaphoric resolution. It aims at extracting the propositions in text so as to construct a concept map automatically. The recommendation module is arrived at by adopting fuzzy set theories. It is an interactive process which provides suggestions of propositions for further human refinement of the automatically generated concept maps. The suggested propositions are relationships among the concepts which are not explicitly found in the paragraphs. This technique helps to stimulate individual reflection and generate new knowledge. Evaluation was carried out by using the Science Citation Index (SCI) abstract database and CNET News as test data, which are well known databases and the quality of the text is assured. Experimental results show that the automatically generated concept maps conform to the outputs generated manually by domain experts, since the degree of difference between them is proportionally small. The method provides users with the ability to convert scientific and short texts into a structured format which can be easily processed by computer. Moreover, it provides knowledge workers with extra time to re-think their written text and to view their knowledge from another angle. 相似文献
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基因作为遗传学的一个核心概念,其意义在不同的时期有着明显的差异。基因概念的这种差异是依赖特定语境隐喻地发生转移的。文章通过分析基因概念的转移,说明了隐喻正是在这种概念转移中渗入科学。之后,文章以DNA双螺旋模型为重点,分析了其构建过程中的隐喻思维以及隐喻的方法论功能——发明功能及表征功能。 相似文献
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科技创新驱动经济发展方式转变 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在分析科技创新这一概念提出的时代背景和历史沿革的基础上,进一步澄清了科技创新的涵义,即科技创新是将科学发现和技术发明应用到生产体系,创造新价值的过程;随后简要分析了自由主义和凯恩斯主义在经济发展理念上的差别,并结合创新理论和我国经济发展的现状和问题,提出我国转变经济发展方式就是从传统生产要素驱动经济增长的方式转到由科技创新驱动经济发展的方式;紧接着本文分析了推动科技创新的三种力量:市场、政府和第三种力量(非正式关系);最后本文探讨了政府在科技创新中的职能定位. 相似文献
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一种基于AHP的企业核心能力识别新方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对核心能力的内涵进行了新的定义；分析了现行核心能力定量识别研究存在的问题；运用了平衡记分卡的思想以及波特价值链原理来建立评价指标体系；利用层次分析法(AHP)工具并据此建立核心能力识别矩阵图，对企业核心能力进行了定量化、直观化地识别。 相似文献
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在对1985—2014年间陕西发明专利跨30年统计的基础上,采用IPC分类体系,运用内容分析法和专利地图法,对陕西地区专利技术的总体构成和发展趋势进行分析,明确陕西技术创新的重点领域与薄弱区、重要专利权人群及其技术构成和优势所在。并通过集中度测度,对陕西的创新技术格局变化开展研究。 相似文献
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This paper discusses an exploratory investigation of the role of concept mapping techniques for assessing knowledge manager learning needs and developing knowledge management (KM) training programs and courses. The research data were collected using seven concept map templates completed by 13 KM students during a 15-week higher education course. The study found that concept maps can provide a useful real-time feedback mechanism for knowledge managers undergoing structured learning, while enabling instructors to determine what KM practitioners require from their training and education. Additionally, the research showed that knowledge managers require a balance of foundational KM principles, concepts and methods coupled with examples of real-world implementations, tools and measures. The results also identify concept maps as a valuable research and evaluation technique for individuals engaged in the practice and process of training knowledge managers. 相似文献
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何继江 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,(4):13-18
从两个方面对瓦特蒸汽机的发明历史进行梳理,一方面是技术传统对瓦特蒸汽机发明的贡献,另一方面是科学理论对瓦特蒸汽机发明的贡献。从而得到如下结论:蒸汽机的发明是人类技术活动长期持续进行改进的结果,而不是来自于科学理论的一个突变性的技术创新;科学理论对蒸汽机的发明所做的贡献很小,但科学方法特别是实验方法和量化方法对瓦特改良蒸汽机起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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当前,在专利申请量激增和技术快速更新的背景下,包括我国在内的全球主要国家的专利系统均面临日益严重的审查积压挑战。本文以2003年我国发明专利申请数据为分析样本,利用生存分析的方法,对我国发明专利审查周期的影响因素进行了分析。分析发现,IPC分类数、专利引文数、申请来源国是影响我国发明专利审查周期的保护因素,而权利要求数是危险因素。为此,本文提出可以通过设定准确界定IPC分类的义务、提高引文标准、提高权利要求附加费标准、实现差异化的政治倾向等措施缓解审查积压,提高我国专利授权系统的运行绩效。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104810
The geography of breakthrough invention in the U.S. – defined as the spatial distribution of the production of patents that are both novel and impactful – underwent three broad changes during the 20th century. At the start of the century, breakthrough invention was concentrated in populous metropolitan areas with high levels of local knowledge variety. By the 1930s, breakthroughs were created less frequently across the entire country and so their invention had a less distinct geography. The substantial creation of breakthroughs resumed in the 1960s, and while their invention was once again concentrated in major metropolitan areas with high knowledge variety, they frequently involved long-distance collaboration. In this article, I document these changes and propose a theory to interpret why they occurred. The theory emphasizes how changes in inventors' institutional and communication technology environments influence the geographical locations that are advantageous for breakthrough invention. In support of the model, I find that the disruptiveness of the regime of technological change, the knowledge intensity of breakthroughs, the distance-based frictions incurred by collaboration technologies, and the distance-based frictions incurred by knowledge-sourcing technologies help to predict the spatial distribution of breakthrough invention. To conclude the article, I discuss lessons that the 20th century's geography of breakthrough innovation provide for anticipating the geography of innovation in the 21st century, including in the years beyond COVID-19. 相似文献