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2006年10月2日，瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究院宣布：2006年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给2位美国科学家，现年47岁的Andrew Z．Fire和46岁的Craig C．Mello，以表彰他们在RNA干扰（RNA interference．RNAi）双链RNA引发的基因沉默领域所做出的杰出贡献。RNAi现象在植物、动物（包括人类）中均有发生，在基因表达调控、病毒感染防御以及跳跃基因表达控制中起关键作用。 相似文献
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植物为什么会在不同季节开花?英国研究人员发现其秘密在于一种核糖核酸(RNA)起到了调控作用。英国约翰·英尼斯中心的研究人员发现的这种核糖核酸名为COOLAIR,是一种反义长链非编码核糖核酸。长链非编码核糖核酸曾被认为没有用,现在科学家发现它能发挥很多重要的功能,比如影响基因的表达和染色质沉默等。不过目前还不清楚其自身被调控的机理。研究人员以模式植物拟南芥作为研究对象,通过遗传筛选和基因克隆等手段,发现COOLAIR受到一种叫做R环的特殊结构的影响。R环是由一条脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)与核糖核酸杂合链以及一条单链DNA所形成的特殊基因组结构,一般在基因表达转录核糖核酸时可 相似文献
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<正>MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类进化上保守的,长度约22个核苷酸的内源性单链非编码小分子RNA。它能通过与靶mRNA特异的碱基配对引起靶mRNA的降解或翻译抑制,从而对基因进行转录后的表达调控。目前普遍认为miRNA在细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡,个体的发育,机体的代谢,病毒的易感性等多种疾病中都发挥着重要的作用[1],近年来的研究表明,miRNA在乳腺癌的发生发展中也有着密切的关系,本文就miRNA及其在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用进行叙述。 相似文献
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RNA干扰技术（RNA interference,简称RNAi）是指将双链RNA即（dsRNA）导入生物或细胞内,引起与其同源的mRNA特异性降解,因而抑制其相应基因表达的过程。它具有高效、快捷、特异性强等特点。本文从RNAi的发现、作用机制、作用特点和RNAi技术在园林植物遗传育种中的应用前景等方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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2006年诺贝尔医学奖授予两个美国科学家，表彰他们发现了RNA干扰现象即一种沉默基因和调控遗传信息流的重要机制。ＲＮＡi（RNA干扰）技术已成为研究基因功能的一种强有力的手段，并有望在未来帮助科学家研发出治疗疾病的新疗法。 相似文献
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CAS plant physiologists have recently invented a plant-mediated RNA interference 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):5-6
CAS plant physiologists have recently invented a plant-mediated RNA interference （RNAi） techniqueto effectively and specifically control the gene expression of the cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera） and stunt its growth.Experts say that the feat marks a research breakthrough in the field of biotechnology for plant insect resistance,offering a novel strategy to fight plant pests. 相似文献
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作物土传真菌病害是当前农业所面临的最重要问题之一,由于防治困难,正日趋成为限制我国农业生产可持续发展的重要因素。基因沉默(或RNA沉默,RNAi)是广泛存在于真核生物中,基于同源序列调控基因表达的一条重要途径,而由此发展起来的基因沉默技术,作为一种新防治策略被广泛地应用于防控植物有害生物的研究中。文章综合介绍了作物土传真菌病害的发生与防治现状、RNA沉默及其在植物有害生物防控应用的最新研究进展,客观分析了基因沉默技术在防治作物土传真菌病害的巨大潜力和亟需解决的主要问题,阐述了研发基因沉默技术对可持续控制作物土传真菌病害的重要性及其巨大应用前景。 相似文献
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Alja Videtic Paska Petra Hudler 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(2):161-176
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression. Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and methylation arrays resulted in an explosion of information on aberrantly methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer could be exploited for the purpose of developing specific diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as MGMT, SHOX2, and SEPT9, have already been translated into commercial clinical assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion, the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.Key words: biomarkers, CpG islands, DNA methylation, molecular diagnostics, epigenetics 相似文献
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BackgroundGain-of-function of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. More and more studies have focused on the potential usage of therapeutic single-chain Fv (ScFv) antibodies against FGFR3. RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as a promising therapeutic method against cancer. A tool which can deliver small interference RNAs (siRNAs) into FGFR3 positive cancer cells is very promising for anti-tumor therapy.ResultsIn this study, a novel fusion protein R3P, which consists of FGFR3-ScFv and protamine, was generated in Escherichia coli by inclusion body expression strategy and Ni-NTA chromatography. Its yield reached 10 mg per liter of bacterial culture and its purity was shown to be higher than 95%. 1 μg of R3P could efficiently bind to about 2.5 pmol siRNAs and deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive RT112 and K562 cells. Annexin V staining results showed that R3P can deliver the amplified breast cancer 1 (AIB1) siRNAs to induce RT112 cell apoptosis.ConclusionThese results indicated that R3P was a promising carrier tool to deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive cancer cells and to exert anti-tumor effect. 相似文献
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《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2022,359(11):5733-5749
In this paper, the fault detection filter (FDF) design problem based on a dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is investigated for discrete-time systems with signal quantization and sensor nonlinearity. In order to conserve the limited network resources, a newly event-triggered mechanism with dynamic threshold is adopted to reduce the number of transmitted data through network more effectively. With the consideration of DETM, signal quantization and sensor nonlinearity, a fault detection filter is constructed to achieve the robustly asymptotic stability of established model with expected fault detection objective. In addition, by influence of DETM, external interference and quantization errors, a zonotopic residual evaluation mechanism is constructed to detect the occurring fault of plant. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed design approach. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104678
This paper uses novel empirical evidence to analyse critically the widely held view that genetic engineering technology played a pivotal role in explaining the rapid expansion and increase in productivity of soy production in Argentina over the period from 1995 to 2015. We estimate the relative contribution of different approaches to seed innovation on soy performance over that period. We show how previous analyses have ignored the performance gains from plant breeding or misattributed them to genetic engineering. In our disaggregated assessment, seed innovations based on breeding techniques provide just as plausible an explanation for the expansion and performance gains of soy production. We illustrate how policy support to the seed industry is consistent with and is justified by mainstream narratives about the central role played by plant genetic engineering technology, and how the asymmetries created by these policy responses are contributing to the crowding out of plant breeding. This evidence, in our view, illustrates an important cognitive mechanism of lock-in to what may be a sub-optimal technology. 相似文献
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本文通过对台湾工业技术研究院(ITRI)科技成果转化中技术选择、技术开发、技术应用三个部分的剖析,总结了ITRI科技成果转化率高的主要原因,认为政府的积极扶持、清晰的目标定位、开放式创新的思维、坚持公益性导向是其主要经验特色。相比较而言,大陆的科技成果转化机制存在一些问题,ITRI运作模式和经验值得借鉴,推动工研院建设的机制设计对新兴产业发展是一种有益的探索。 相似文献