共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 152 毫秒
1.
汉字的心理贮存和认知历程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汉字的心理贮存是汉字的正字法形式及其所附意义内容对应联系的心理表征,阅读心理词典因而有双层的心理结构;心理词典存在的基础是字词学习的心理机制;字词频率浓缩了字词的学习过程,代表了字词学习的程度,决定了字词的识别方式和知觉表征单元的大小;从字形视觉信息经过视觉信息的整合到达表层心理词典,再通达到深层心理词典是汉字阅读认知的历程 相似文献
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王亚同 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1996,(1)
课文理解心理模型述评王亚同本义述评读者如何建构课文描述的情景心理模型，因为该模型是语言理解的基础。认知心理学家和教育心理学家注重于研究阅读理解，因为阅读理解包括许多智力成分：诸如字词认知、将字词译码成意义、将词序分为语法成分、将意义连成语句、推出语句... 相似文献
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篇章理解已成为心理语言学的一个重要研究领域。篇章理解的个体差异日渐引起学者的关注。篇章理解的个体差异可以从以下四个方面进行研究:字词解码水平的加工差异;句子水平上的加工差异;篇章水平上的加工差异;工作记忆容量和加工能力的差异。 相似文献
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英语阅读理解是提高学生英语水平的重要课题,也是心理语言学的一大研究内容.心理语言学认为,阅读的心理过程包括四个阶段,即字词视觉感知阶段、句子结构分析与释义阶段、语篇理解阶段和语言信息存储与提取阶段.可见,阅读理解不是简单的文字密码破译过程,而是极为复杂的心理过程.因此,研究英语阅读理解的心理过程,对于搞好英语阅读教学有重要的指导作用. 相似文献
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语音在字词通达过程中是否具有中介作用一直是语言认知研究关注的焦点之一。近年来,更有研究者指出,语音对词形激活具有反向反馈作用。这一观点为字词通达研究提供了新的视野。但是,现有关于语音反馈的研究主要针对拼音文字展开,汉字的语音和正字法有别于拼音文字。本文综述了目前有关字词识别的研究结果以及汉字特点,探讨了语音反馈作用在汉字字词通达中的可能性,以期为今后的研究提供启发和帮助。 相似文献
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文言文讲究音律,往往从音律的要求出发来遣词造句,因此在语言铿锵优美的同时,也给正确翻译理解字词增加了难度。要正确理解这一类字词,也必须从音律入手,透过音律的表现形式理解字词的真正内涵。本文试图以《桃花源记》为例,谈如何从音律入手正确地理解文言字词,并对教材给出的注解进行了探讨。 相似文献
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理解在整个翻译实践过程中占据首要位置。刘绍龙教授将翻译的理解过程分解为语音/字词识别、句法分析和语义表征以及在此三个层次中自下而上和自上而下的加工方式。针对此翻译理解的交互作用模型,对各层次的补偿是与翻译理解环节密不可分的重要部分,也是对刘教授翻译理解交互作用模型的进一步补充与完善。 相似文献
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范磊 《商情·科学教育家》2009,(5)
文言文讲究音律,往往从音律的要求出发来遣词造句,因此在语言铿锵优美的同时,也给正确翻译理解字词增加了难度.要正确理解这一类字词,也必须从音律入手,透过音律的表现形式理解字词的真正内涵.本文试图以<桃花源记>为例,谈如何从音律入手正确地理解文言字词,并对教材给出注解进行了探讨. 相似文献
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字词理解是低年级阅读教学的重要内容和重点环节。由于低年级的学生不具备熟练查字典的能力和习惯,语言积累相对也比较单薄,所以,很多低年级的阅读课在字词理解方面不够深入。其实,只要教师策略性地开展阅读教学,智慧性地探索字词理解的途径,低年级字词理解不仅可以丰富厚实,而且还可以"浅"入"深"出。 相似文献
11.
Morag Stuart 《Journal of Research in Reading》1998,21(3):189-194
Scholes (1998) offers a caricature of the definition of reading, which he suggests underlies much recent psychological research. In this response, I attempt to set out a multi-dimensional view of reading, derived from the same psychological research, which encompasses both printed word recognition skills and comprehension of written texts, and elucidates some of the relationships within and between these separable dimensions. In conclusion, I rebut Scholes’ assertion that no study has ever demonstrated a link between phonological awareness and reading comprehension. 相似文献
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In this article we consider the difficulties of children who have a specific reading comprehension problem. Our earlier work has shown that good and poor comprehenders differ, in particular, in their ability to make inferences, integrate information in text, understand story structure, and monitor their understanding. We outline some studies that illustrate the poor comprehenders' problems and present two studies that use a comprehension-age match design to explore the direction of causality between comprehension skill and other abilities. We also present data from the first and second stages of a longitudinal study, when the children were 7 to 8 and 8 to 9 years old. Multiple regression analyses show that a number of factors predict significant variance in comprehension skill even after "general ability" factors such as IQ and vocabulary have been taken into account. These findings suggest that, not only can children have comprehension problems in the absence of word recognition problems, but that distinctly different skills predict variance in word recognition and variance in comprehension. The data support the view that single-word reading skills and the ability to build integrated text representations make independent contributions to overall reading ability. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of children's problems in text comprehension, for deaf readers, and for remediation. 相似文献
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Suzanne Mannes 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1988,3(2):157-162
Learning and memory have been studied by researchers throughout psychological history, however similar tasks have been used to measure them. Dependence upon recall and recognition memory is a result of both the list learning tradition in psychology and the efficient and objective scoring for which they provide. Several studies are described which point out the differences between memory and learning and the shortcomings of using recall and recognition to measure both. Results regarding differential effects of independent variables on learning and memory are interpreted in terms of the van Dijk and Kintsch (1983) theory of text comprehension. 相似文献
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Benjamin Greene 《Journal of Research in Reading》2001,24(1):82-98
The ability of cloze tests containing frequent, every n‐th word deletions to measure comprehension of macropropositions has been challenged on both theoretical and empirical grounds, calling into question the validity of such tests for assessing comprehension of much of the discourse encountered by university‐level students. To evaluate the comprehension of a writer’s reasoning, it is recommended that cloze tests position gaps so as to target recognition of cohesive devices and the ability to draw inferences from other sentences. To test the validity of such a design, a large sample of scores on discourse cloze tests administered in introductory college economics is compared to scores on true–false comprehension tests designed to target recognition of connective propositions. The two distributions of scores do not differ significantly in terms of mean value, dispersion or frequency distribution, suggesting that appropriately designed cloze tests can provide a valid assessment of the reader’s integration of theoretical text. In addition, the usefulness of readability formulas based on surface characteristics of text is challenged when readability is defined in terms of the difficulty of constructing a coherent representation of theoretical text. 相似文献
15.
工作记忆和语篇的阅读理解 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
鲁忠义 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2000,(3)
工作记忆是指长时记忆中被激活的部分,它在语篇阅读理解中具有重要的作用。长时工作记忆的特点就是信息可以在长时记忆中快速、可靠地存取。用长时工作记忆理论,可以重新解释阅读理解中的误入歧途效应、扇形效应等心理现象。 相似文献
16.
Cordula Artelt Ulrich Schiefele Wolfgang Schneider 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(3):363-383
Two reading literacy/text comprehension tests with different demands (on-line comprehension vs. memory-based comprehension) were administered to 6,104 15-year-old students from all German states and school types. The combined and specific effects of proximal and distal variables from small-scale psychological research as well as from large-scale educational studies on each text comprehension measure were investigated. Metacognitive knowledge, decoding speed, and the number of books at home (as an indicator for family background) were found to have specific and large effects on on-line comprehension and accounted for 46 percent of the variance with the highest effects for metacognition. Metacognitive knowledge was also highly predictive when the effects of specific prior knowledge and thematic interest on memory-based text comprehension were estimated simultaneously. In addition, students who showed relative strength in building up a coherent representation of specific texts (memory-based text comprehension) were characterised by high amounts of prior knowledge and thematic interest thereby underlining the importance of these student characteristics for learning. 相似文献
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In this study, 180 Norwegian fifth‐grade students with a mean age of 10.5 years were administered measures of word recognition skills, strategic text processing, reading motivation and working memory. Six months later, the same students were given three different multiple‐choice reading comprehension measures. Based on three forced‐order hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results indicated that the unique contribution of measured skills and processes to performance varied across comprehension tests. In particular, when the test consisted of a longer passage, contained a larger proportion of inferential questions and was answered without access to relevant text passages, the relative importance of word recognition skills seemed to be reduced while working memory emerged as a relatively strong, unique positive predictor of comprehension performance. These findings have important practical implications for the assessment of reading comprehension. 相似文献
19.
Virginia M. Holmes 《Journal of Research in Reading》2009,32(3):309-326
Previous research has indicated a weak to moderate role for word recognition skill in contributing to reading comprehension efficiency in highly experienced adult readers. The goal of this study was to re‐evaluate the strength of this association, including assessment of the contribution of skill in discriminating unfamiliar shapes and identifying letters. Unexpectedly, the results revealed a very strong association between efficiency in reading connected text and word recognition skill, as measured by efficiency of access to the orthographic lexicon. Ability to identify letters rapidly and accurately also contributed to orthographic access skill. These associations were only minimally reduced by controlling for skill in discriminating unfamiliar shapes. The results were interpreted in terms of the verbal‐efficiency theory, according to which rapid and accurate lower‐level processing liberates resources for equally crucial higher‐level comprehension processing, ultimately resulting in more efficient text comprehension. 相似文献
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认知语境揭示了生成和理解语篇的认知心理依据。从认知语境的角度,通过分析认知语境与语篇的关系,探讨其在语篇生成中的过滤功能以及在语篇理解中的解释功能,从而更有效地理解语篇的意义。 相似文献