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[目的/意义] 什么是情报?什么是智库?它们的区别与联系是什么?这些问题看似简单但又常常令人倍感困惑,本文力图从基本概念、基本研究对象、基本指导理论和基本方法论体系入手,对二者之间的区别与联系进行辨析。[方法/过程] 通过大量历史文献调研和实际相关机构案例调查,在此基础上进行细致的总结、对比分析,并对二者之间的共性及差异性进行深入细致的揭示。[结果/结论] 通过梳理发现,无论是从基本概念、研究对象、指导理论还是方法论体系上来看,无不体现出二者作为处在同一决策咨询流程链条两端的两个"工种",虽然在价值理念、关注侧重点上差异甚大,但彼此依赖又相互转化。 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(2):540-554
Collaboration among researchers is becoming increasingly common, which raises a large number of scientometrics questions for which there is not a clear and generally accepted answer. For instance, what value should be given to a two-author or three-author publication with respect to a single-author publication? This paper uses axiomatic analysis and proposes a practical method to compute the expected value of an n-authors publication that takes into consideration the added value induced by collaboration in contexts in which there is no prior or ex-ante information about the publication's potential merits or scientific impact. The only information required is the number of authors. We compared the obtained theoretical values with the empirical values based on a large dataset from the Web of Science database. We found that the theoretical values are very close to the empirical values for some disciplines, but not for all. This observation provides support in favor of the method proposed in this paper. We expect that our findings can help researchers and decision-makers to choose more effective and fair counting methods that take into account the benefits of collaboration. 相似文献
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Citizen participation in E-governance is, essentially, a social exchange between individuals and their government through which the citizen creates public value as well as acquires private value. The direct effects of participation antecedents on participation outcomes have been fully examined, but few researchers have investigated the internal mechanism of citizen participation at the level of psychological value perception. The roles of perceived public and private value between the participation antecedents and outcomes remain unclear. Private value merits careful research in particular as the E-governance environment is being shaped by increasing privatization and continuous IT innovation. Based on the cognitive integration theory and the civic voluntarism model, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to examine the mediating roles of two values. We built a complete research model encompassing ten hypotheses centered on citizen e-participation in the context of green commuting governance. By analyzing survey data on a green commuting platform, we demonstrate the significant mediating effects of these two values and greater effect of private value acquisition on continuous e-participation intentions than public value creation. Our results have important research implications in regards to the roles of perceived values in participation, especially perceived private value. 相似文献
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The Knight Higher Education Collaborative 《Learned Publishing》2002,15(3):205-216
Do the humanities and social sciences have the same publishing requirements as the sciences? What can be done to counter perceptions that acquisition funds have migrated away from publications in the fields of the humanities and social sciences to meet the escalating cost of electronic and print journals in the natural and applied sciences? With university presses, non-profit publishers, and the academy itself under strain, we examine the problems, discuss the continuing requirements of scholarship, the implications for funding strategies, and the role of technology, and give examples of new ventures that suggest possible solutions to the problems. We conclude that the primary values that scholars in the humanities and social sciences hold are not dramatically different from those of other academic disciplines and make recommendations for building a broader base of support for scholarship in these areas. 相似文献
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本文点出了档案工作从社会和研究机构得不到承认和没有相应影响力的原因,指出档案工作者的影响力来源于工作的价值内涵,并对其进行分析后指出,确认档案和档案工作的具体价值内涵将清晰地界定我们的职业和直接提升档案工作的价值,增加档案工作的影响力. 相似文献
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微博等社会媒体正面临用户活跃程度下降,老用户停止使用的困境。以往的信息系统持续使用理论忽略了用户情感的重要作用,因而对微博等信息系统用户持续使用行为的解释力不足。基于此,本文旨在探究微博用户情感体验与用户满意度之间的关系。研究分两个阶段进行:第一阶段采用心理学中的情感测量方法,分析微博用户在使用过程中的情感体验;第二阶段测量在前一阶段中得到的各种情感的强度,通过回归分析验证用户情感与用户满意度之间的关系。研究发现了用户使用微博中体验到的、出现频率最高的16种情感,其中9种正向情感和7种负向情感,正向情感与用户满意度之间存在显著的正向影响关系,微博用户使用经验对正向情感与用户满意度之间的关系有正向调节作用。这对全面理解微博用户的行为规律具有理论意义,对微博平台运营以及微博营销等应用有实际的指导意义。 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(4):101724
According to public management theory and existing research on information technology (IT) value creation in the public sector, governments should actively strive to generate greater public value with IT, and the capability of public service delivery is at the center of this public value. In this study, we focus on efficiency gains in public service delivery through IT in municipal governments. First, we answer the research question: How much euro efficiency is gained in public service delivery by €1 increase in share of IT costs relative to total municipal costs? Second, we focus on contextual effects of these efficiency gains, by analyzing the effects of workforce mean age, workforce age dispersion and training costs. We use data from Dutch municipalities and study these efficiency gains in the period 2014–2018. Our empirical strategy encompasses a two-step procedure combining a stochastic frontier model and ordinary least squares models. Our analysis suggests that share of IT costs relative to total municipal costs (in short: share of IT costs) can explain efficiency in public service delivery by municipalities. Our results indicate that an increase of €1 in favour of share of IT costs leads to a net cost efficiency gain of €1.08. We also show that this effect in efficiency gains diminishes with a higher share of IT costs. Our results also show that workforce mean age, workforce age dispersion and training costs do not influence the relation between share of IT costs and efficiency. 相似文献
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Interoperability is a top priority today as governments try to integrate services across departments so as to improve effectiveness as well as efficiency. Integration in government is complicated, as evidenced by a discouraging project failure rate. An often quoted reason is that the complex relationships among government, society, and technology which come into play when integrating multiple organizations are not fully understood. This paper addresses this gap by scrutinizing a large national integration project asking, what is the nature and causes of the conflicts that surface during implementation? Data was collected by means of participant observations and narrative interviews. Seven major conflicts were found, all general because they involve basic values which were in conflict with each other. The values were specified by legislation and strictly operationalized in various government institutions which, consequently, were in disagreement about what was legal and desirable. The findings show that in order to achieve interoperability a “re-operationalization” of these values is necessary. These changes cannot be clearly defined upfront but must be “negotiated” by means of practical achievements that are considered important enough to motivate gradual changes in the way we implement our values in legislation and practices. This means that ambitious integration projects must serve as spearheads in such value change, which is a root cause for delays and even failure. 相似文献
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Dora Santos Silva 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(5):592-601
In January 2013, Peter Bradshaw, a film critic for The Guardian, said that Twitter users had become the favourite “critics” of the film industry. The implicit concern in this article on a subject dear to cultural journalism—“Would be criticism bankrupted when we are all ‘critics’ on the Web?”—became evident in the following years. It is pertinent, then, to explore the media answer not only to this subject but both to sourcing and expertise in general in the culture section. Did they embrace these new news sources (and which) that emerged in the digital environment, such as the reader, blogs or artists tweets? Assuming the first hypothesis, how did they include them in their editorial model, alongside with the “traditional” experts and sources? We conducted a content analysis to the culture section of an international media—The Guardian—between 2014 and 2016 (n?=?992), identifying the role of what we would like to call digitally empowered sources and the presence of new “experts” in cultural criticism. We concluded that these digitally empowered sources play an important role in the overall editorial, business and engagement media's strategy and are deeply engaged with a new digital feature: hypertextuality. New patterns of expertise also reflect an editorial positioning supported in an engagement strategy and in the recognition of the readers’ added value to content. 相似文献
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Developments in vanity presses, electronic publishing and social media have led to outstanding growth in the publishing industry. Eighty percent of people believe they have a book in them and the opportunities provided by new technologies are responding to their needs. This raises important questions: What effect will these developments have on the industry? In this environment, is quality control feasible? How will potential readers find their treasure? Will book publishing remain a cost-effective activity? We will examine the publishing industry looking for the answers to these questions and may just find that things are not as bleak as we initially thought. 相似文献
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Community archives have compelled shifts in dominant archival management practices to reflect community agency and values. To analyse these shifts, we ask: In what ways do community archives and their staff challenge traditional archival modes of practice? Do community archives work within or against dominant frameworks for institutional sustainability? Do community archives challenge or replicate dominant custody practices? Based on semi-structured interviews with 17 founders, staff and volunteers at 12 Southern California community archives, this research examines the diverse models of practice utilised by community archives practitioners that diverge from and challenge standard practices in the field. By addressing these questions, our research uncovers a variety of models of practice employed by communities in Southern California to autonomously create and sustain their archives. 相似文献
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Yoshiharu Ichikawa 《媒体管理杂志》2016,18(2):117-136
Public service broadcasters (PSBs) around the world are restructuring their constituencies to meet the new challenges of increasing media diversification. New PSB management approaches include the diversification of transmission channels and development of contents. The optimum deployment of distribution channels and content genres, referred to as Portfolio Management, is now a major management priority and will provide the most efficient strategic allocation of management resources. In this article, we take NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai), Japan’s PSB, as a research target and analyze and evaluate its portfolio management. NHK has introduced the Value for Money (VFM) index through the measurement of WTP (Willingness to Pay), and has initiated channel-genre matrix management. This study aims to estimate the WTP of viewers’ reception fees from viewer surveys, and then distribute these WTP values to the channel-genre matrix. We then use Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to evaluate how NHK’s channel-genre matrix management is oriented toward public service value by dividing the sample population into high citizen orientation and low citizen orientation groups, and examining how the distributed WTP to genres differs between the two groups. 相似文献
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Clare Horrocks 《Media History》2014,20(1):21-33
In a climate of fear about funding for libraries and the arts, the preservation of many periodicals and newspapers is under threat. Digitisation is therefore justifiable as a conservation directive however what of those volumes that are not chosen? Are we creating an alternative version of Victorian culture through so selective a gaze? Indeed, who is choosing these titles? There is a question of access, both of what material is available to digitise and also what it is perceived ‘the audience’ want. However, a further question is raised—who are ‘the audience’? What are these archives going to be used for? This article will examine the different forms of nineteenth-century periodical and newspaper archives that are available, how they are organised and who their perceived audience is, before going on to consider the pedagogical utility of such sites. How can we enhance students' understanding of nineteenth-century culture by using these archives in our lecture theatres? And if we do, what are the implications for research in the future? 相似文献
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Abstract Understanding visitors is a necessary and complex undertaking. In this article, we present K‐means cluster analysis as one strategy that is particularly useful in unpacking the complex nature of museum visitors. Three questions organize the article and are as follows: 1) What is K‐means cluster analysis? 2) How is K‐means cluster analysis conducted? 3) Most importantly: What are the applications of K‐means cluster analysis for museum practitioners? To answer these questions, we present five steps that are vital to conducting a K‐means cluster analysis. We also present three cases studies to demonstrate differences among the results of three K‐means cluster analyses and provide practical applications of the findings. 相似文献
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This research project used Freedom of Information requests to obtain public records from Alabama institutions about challenges to materials in public schools and public libraries. Challenges occur when a patron objects to certain content. In this analysis, we examine the records of challenges. The research questions were as follows: How many challenges occur in public schools and libraries? What is the nature of these challenges? Are there institutional or demographic factors that are correlated to the occurrence of challenges? In this exploratory study, the number of reported challenges was surprisingly low. We investigated whether reported challenges were related to certain institutional or demographic factors, but did not find any discernible relationships. The data suggest that most challenged material is retained, but that librarians may be self-censoring to reduce controversy in their collections. 相似文献
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《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):30-33
AbstractIs the conservation profession dividing into two groups – specialized technicians often working in private practice, and generalists in the heritage sector whose work is often in preventive conservation covering a diverse range of materials? If so are we moving away from conservation specialists, who contribute to the wide range of processes involved with object care and research within particular curatorial disciplines? We examine the increasing distancing of conservators from collections and their curatorial colleagues and will assess how this is reflected in the changing nature of training courses, and the impact this may have on museums in the future. These issues are discussed with reference to the National Museum of Wales, which has recently undergone an externally refereed conservation review. The outcomes of this can be viewed in relation to other institutions employing conservators. 相似文献
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Hanghang Tong Spiros Papadimitriou Christos Faloutsos Philip S. Yu Tina Eliassi-Rad 《Information Retrieval》2012,15(3-4):391-411
Given a graph, how to find a small group of ‘gateways’, that is a small subset of nodes that are crucial in connecting the source to the target? For instance, given a social network, who is the best person to introduce you to, say, Chris Ferguson, the poker champion? Or, given a network of people and skills, who is the best person to help you learn about, say, wavelets? We formally formulate this problem in two scenarios: Pair-Gateway and Group-Gateway. For each scenario, we show that it is sub-modular and thus it can be solved near-optimally. We further give fast, scalable algorithms to find such gateways. Extensive experimental evaluations on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods. 相似文献
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Chompunuch Punyapiroje & Margaret A. Morrison 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(3):318-336
This study investigates how Thai cultural values are expressed in advertising messages. Manifest cultural values in Thai TV commercials were compared with value clusters identified by S. Komin in Psychology of the Thai people: Values and behavioral patterns (1991). Findings suggest that values expressed in the advertisements differ somewhat from those important to Thai people. While commercials were most likely to emphasize ego, a value rated as important to Thai people, the ads also focused on fun and pleasure and achievement/task orientation which are of lesser importance to Thais. Similarly, advertisements focused on maintaining smooth and gratifying interpersonal relationships were downplayed, despite the fact that these values are important in Thai society. 相似文献