More Than a Pipeline Problem: Labor Supply Constraints and Gender Stratification Across Academic Science Disciplines     

Stephen Kulis  Diane Sicotte  Shawn Collins 《Research in higher education》2002,43(6):657-691

Employing a nationally representative sample of science faculty in U.S. colleges, we investigate 3 explanations for persisting differences in women's faculty representation across science fields even after adjusting for women's variable representation among doctoral recipients. First, we examine labor market factors: (a) differential growth rates and critical mass in the supply of women doctoral recipients, (b) growth or contraction in academic and nonacademic job opportunities, and (c) presence of foreign-born scholars. Second, we control for institutional explanations such as differential rates of faculty unionization and less receptivity to women at prestigious or research-oriented universities and fields that are applied, soft, or nonlife sciences. Third, gender role explanations are addressed by controlling for gender differences in work experience, work interruptions, and the prestige of doctoral credentials. After finding that none of these explanations account fully for distinctive patterns among science fields in the faculty gender composition, we discuss how they may reflect differences in academic cultures.  相似文献   

少数民族社区居民对旅游影响的感知研究——以高台民居为例     

贾巧云  艾尔西丁·伊明  麦麦提依明·马木提 《喀什师范学院学报》2012,33(5)

立足于喀什旅游的发展实际,采用实地调查的方法,调查喀什市少数民族社区（高台民居）居民对发展旅游的影响感知,分析探讨民族旅游的开发给民族社区居民带来的经济、社会、文化影响感知,以及各方面感知的影响因素和深层次原因,主要目的在于引起当地政府关注居民的感知与旅游可持续发展的密切关系,引导社区居民参与旅游规划、开发和管理工作,实现利益的合理分配,最终推动喀什市旅游业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Drawing a computer scientist: stereotypical representations or lack of awareness?     

Katarina Pantic  Jody Clarke-Midura  Frederick Poole  Jared Roller  Vicki Allan 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(3):232-254

ABSTRACT

Stereotypes people hold about computer scientists contribute to underrepresentation in computer science. Perceptions of computer scientists have historically been linked to males and a “nerd” culture, which can lead to lack of interest, particularly for girls. This article presents two studies conducted with two groups of middle schoolers: those who attended our programming camp (Study One) and those who did not (Study Two). After analyzing participants’ drawings and two survey questions we found that perceptions youth holds about computer scientists may be improving. Additionally, we found that males (versus females) and those youth who did not attend our camp (versus those who did) tended to have more stereotypical perceptions of computer scientists. With this article, we contribute to the literature on CS stereotypes by examining both positive and negative representations youth had about computer scientists. We also cast light on the lack of awareness about this profession among the youth of this age.  相似文献   

简析科学家的宗教情结--兼论科学与信仰的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

尚九玉 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,(2):114-120

科学家的宗教情结是指科学家信仰宗教或者具有宗教情怀。在科学史上,大多数西方科学家都具有宗教情结。科学家的宗教情结主要表现为科学家信仰宗教和宗教精神及宗教情怀支配着科学家的人生。产生原因是多方面的,其中最根本的原因是人类精神生活的需要与宗教精神的契合,科学和宗教之间的某种一致性,科学自身的局限性和负面影响等。科学家宗教情结的本质是人类的形而上追求或者说终极关怀,反映了科学精神与人文精神之间的互补性。科学家的宗教情结对于科学家的人生和科学活动具有不可忽视的影响和作用。  相似文献   

情报学家对科学的关注与解读(Ⅱ)--情报学家解读科学的方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁立明  侯长红  Ronald Rousseau 《情报学报》2003,22(4):387-392

运用WordSmith软件,本项研究对56位国际著名情报学家的2869篇(部)论著题目做了词频分析,将情报学家的研究对象和研究方法加以梳理、定位、比较,和分类,凸显出研究热点,勾勒出研究趋势,展现出情报学家对科学的全方位关注和重视计量的研究传统.论文分为两部分,其一,情报学家关注科学的视角;其二,情报学家解读科学的方法.  相似文献   

Why the scientific pipeline is still leaking? Women scientists and their work–life balance in Poland     

Dominika Polkowska 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2014,24(1):24-43

In the contemporary scholarly discourse, the under-representation of women in science is often explained by the phenomenon of women ‘in the pipeline’. The pipeline carries a flow from one stage to another, and the flow of women diminishes between the stages. Based on the literature and qualitative studies, it can be inferred that one of the main causes of leaking in the pipeline is the difficulty in reconciling professional and family life by female scientists. Scientific work that requires mobility and competition forces numerous women to abandon their career or take a career break for the period of assuming different family roles. The results of a number of studies demonstrate that there are some differences between Polish women and their peers from other countries in achieving the work–family connection. It appears that after fulfilling a set of necessary conditions, the reconciliation of professional and family life is sometimes possible.  相似文献   

Are you in h?     

Marek Kosmulski 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(3):693-698

A new method of assessment of scientific papers, scientists, and scientific institutions was defined. The significance of a paper was assessed by the definition of the largest (the most prestigious) set, including that paper in its h-core. The sets of papers were defined by affiliation (country, city, university, department) or by subject (branches and sub-branches of science, journal). The inclusion of a paper in the h-core of certain set(s) was used as an indicator of the significance of that paper, and of the scientific output of its author(s), of their scientific institution(s), etc. An analogous procedure was used to assess the contribution of an individual to the scientific output of his/her scientific institution, branch of science, etc.  相似文献   

基于社会网络及履历分析的国际科技人才合作模式研究——以信息系统领域为例     

徐孝娟  ;朱庆华  ;彭希羡  ;潘云涛 《现代情报》2014,34(9):16-23

本文选取Web of Science作为文献信息源,分析国际计算机信息系统领域研究人才的合作情况和合作团体的发展及人才流动。基于社会网络分析法获取的核心作者及其团队数据,结合履历信息在深入探测科技人才的研究兴趣、国家演变、机构性质、所获教授时间及所属大学变化等一系列个体特征的同时,也深入分析了团队形成机制及演变过程。结果表明国内的研究领域和国外有所差异,国内优秀人才流失严重,同时科技人才以团队科研为主,团队内部联系较为紧密,团队之间的联系相对松散。且群体的内部形成机制主要以群体机构和兴趣聚合到一起。  相似文献   

The Health Sciences Library Network in Russia     

Jean-Philippe Accart 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):269-273

Abstract

The recent, important events in the ex-Soviet Union have not only been political. The world of libraries has begun to be opened up and the changes have even reached the most famous institutions, such as, for example, the State Central Scientific Medical Library in Moscow, which is at the head of a network of scientific and research libraries, and has created the first Russian scientific database. This article was written after the congress of the IFLA (International Federation of Librarian Associations) in August 1991.  相似文献   

实践逻辑视域下科学秩序的信任架构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘崇俊 《科学学研究》2011,29(7):978-983

 囿于“理论逻辑”的“学究式谬误”,实证主义科学话语体系固守“证伪主义”的科学教条,认为如果科学家信任他人,则“既置入了认识论错误,又具有道德危险”。然而,科学场域的实践逻辑表明,富有道德色彩的“情感型信任”内嵌于科学实践之中,它是科学场域内生的一种结构性资源,甚至科学知识体系本身就是一张由环环相扣的信任链条精心编织的“信任之网”。即使是科学认知层面的带有权宜性的怀疑,也依赖于道德层面的人际信任,科学信任既是怀疑的逻辑起点——即使彻底的科学怀疑主义者也基于一定的信任架构,也是怀疑的价值归宿点——科学怀疑的目的不是主张从道德尺度对科学家进行价值评判,而是提倡通过富有建设性的科学对话,增进科学家之间的信任和合作。有鉴于此,理应批判科学实证主义的话语霸权,从而在科学场域构筑一条从怀疑走向信任的科学通道。  相似文献