More Than a Pipeline Problem: Labor Supply Constraints and Gender Stratification Across Academic Science Disciplines     

Stephen Kulis  Diane Sicotte  Shawn Collins 《Research in higher education》2002,43(6):657-691

Employing a nationally representative sample of science faculty in U.S. colleges, we investigate 3 explanations for persisting differences in women's faculty representation across science fields even after adjusting for women's variable representation among doctoral recipients. First, we examine labor market factors: (a) differential growth rates and critical mass in the supply of women doctoral recipients, (b) growth or contraction in academic and nonacademic job opportunities, and (c) presence of foreign-born scholars. Second, we control for institutional explanations such as differential rates of faculty unionization and less receptivity to women at prestigious or research-oriented universities and fields that are applied, soft, or nonlife sciences. Third, gender role explanations are addressed by controlling for gender differences in work experience, work interruptions, and the prestige of doctoral credentials. After finding that none of these explanations account fully for distinctive patterns among science fields in the faculty gender composition, we discuss how they may reflect differences in academic cultures.  相似文献   

Knowledge Management Perceptions in Academic Libraries     

Maria Koloniari  Kostas Fassoulis 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2017,43(2):135-142

Despite the increasing interest taken in knowledge management (KM) by a wide range of practitioners as well as the library and information science (LIS) community, knowledge management is not systematically applied in libraries. Due to the complexity of knowledge, as well as the multifaceted nature of knowledge management, there is no consensus among LIS professionals regarding its relation to information management. In this context, the current study aims at exploring how library employees perceive knowledge management, as well as which KM tools and techniques are adopted by academic libraries. The results indicate that although practitioners are aware of knowledge management and appreciative of its benefits not only for library performance but also for LIS professionals' future career options, there is a lack of clarity on fundamental KM issues. Finally, academic libraries take steps towards capturing the knowledge of their users and internal explicit knowledge; however, social practices such as communities of practice, which facilitate tacit knowledge and expertise sharing, are not adopted.  相似文献   

“定”“拓”“融”“通”:青少年科普期刊生命力的提升策略——以《未来科学家》全媒体出版探索为例     

季慧 《编辑学报》2017,29(6):586-589

互联网时代传统期刊的生存发展面临极大挑战,青少年科普期刊应该立足出版本位,通过定、拓、融、通的提升策略:找准媒介定位,追求价值传播;增强内容结构的紧致性、连通性;打破边界,盘活资源;促通达,增服务——为读者提供全媒体科普阅读体验,提升期刊生命力.  相似文献   

德国博士研究生学术发展路径及学业选择因素探析     

陈志伟 《比较教育研究》2019,41(2):76-83

  相似文献   

弘扬科学家精神主题展览的策划与实践——以“赤子丹心——与党同龄的科学家”主题展览为例          下载免费PDF全文

张磊巍  张彩霞 《自然科学博物馆研究》2022,(4):18-25

为回顾百年党史,大力弘扬科学家精神,中国科技馆自主开发策划了“赤子丹心——与党同龄的科学家”主题展览。该展览以1921年出生的各领域著名科学家为切入点,以科学家精神为主线,展示科学家们在科学领域的卓越成就和探索历程,展现其感人至深的爱国爱党情怀,引导公众尤其是青少年树立正确的人生观和价值观,实现科学精神的传承。本文从主题展览策划的各环节出发,探讨总结了对于科普场馆人物展策划的思考与启示。  相似文献   

青年编委会成立“热”的“冷”思考——科技期刊青年编委遴选、管理与建设过程中的问题与反思     

郭盛楠  郝洋 《编辑学报》2022,(3):301-305

科技期刊青年编委会的建设势头如火如荼。在此热潮下,各科技期刊编辑部纷纷组建自己的青年编委队伍。笔者所在单位的期刊也是如此,3种期刊分别建立了自己的青年编委会。在此过程中,笔者先后遇到了一些现象和问题,并进行了自己的思考,期待我们的经验能够为其他科技期刊在青年编委会组建过程中提供部分有益的参考。在科技期刊青年编委遴选、管理与建设过程中,期刊的优劣可能会被狭隘地以客观指标和青年编委遴选条件的高低而评判;设定的工作量评分可能难以充分顾及每位青年编委的专业和职位而有失公允;学术资源的有限分配可能会影响青年编委的内部和谐;科技期刊的发展与青年编委的进步能否做到同频共振,不同类型青年学者如何能够充分发挥各自优势进而促进科技期刊建设。面对这些问题,笔者认为在大力弘扬新时代科学家精神的基础上,建立全面充分客观动态调整的青年编委工作量评价体系,设立科学合理及可落实的青年编委准入和退出机制可有助于规避或解决以上问题。科技期刊人应该切实从自身期刊实际情况考虑,不落伍不盲从,坚守好自己的学术阵地,为打造良好的学术生态发挥科技期刊人应有的作用。  相似文献   

论现代科学技术专家之责任     

闫宏秀 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2005,19(5):53-56

依据逻辑和历史相统一的原则,对在科技进步历程中科技专家所肩负的责任进行哲学维度的反思,并以案例分析的方法,指出“科学技术价值中立”说的有害性,认为在大科学时代,科技专家应当承担学术层面和社会层面的双重责任。  相似文献   

A Hand Up Is a Hands-Down Must for Young Women Entering the Field of Science     

Marily DeWall 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2006,15(5-6):397-398

A Hand Up, Women Mentoring Women in Science is a 500-plus page compendium with nearly 60 contributors. The book is essential reading for every young woman considering a career in the sciences as well as for anyone established in her or his career who wants to reach out to assist the next generation of female scientists. Its examples and practical suggestions will help women form supportive communities with their counterparts and overcome many of the barriers placed in their paths toward professional growth. In short, the book offers assistance to young women entering careers in the science and technology fields and sustenance for those who support them.Marily DeWall is the former Director of the Jason Academy and Professional Learning at the Jason Foundation for Education. In this capacity, she created and oversaw an extensive online professional development program designed for elementary and middle school teachers of science and mathematics. Prior to coming to the Jason Foundation, Ms. DeWall worked for more than 20 years for the National Science Teachers Association serving in various capacities, including Associate Executive Director, editor of Science Scope magazine, and director of government and corporate-funded programs. She was the creator and director of several national science education programs that are ongoing, including ExploraVision, Tapestry Grants for Teachers, and Building a Presence for Science. Ms. DeWall is the author of numerous articles, the editor of several publications, and is a frequent presenter at national and state education meetings.  相似文献   

Elementary and middle school students' image of science and scientists related to current science textbooks in Taiwan     

Hsiao-Ching She 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1995,4(4):283-294

This study examined elementary and middle school students' images of science and scientists, with an analysis of how those images may be influenced by science textbooks currently in use in Taiwan. A modified Chambers' Draw-a-Scientist Test (DAST) was administered to a total 289 students from grades 1, 3, 5 and 8. Results showed that upper-grade students drew more indicators (i.e., lab coats, eyeglasses, facial features, research and knowledge symbols, and relevant captions) than did lower-grade students. An analysis of individual drawings revealed an increase in sophistication and complexity according to progressively higher grade levels. It was found that students very often drew images strikingly similar to what their science textbook presented. It implicated that our current science textbooks indeed have some degree of influence on students' image of science and scientists.  相似文献   

Drawing a computer scientist: stereotypical representations or lack of awareness?     

Katarina Pantic  Jody Clarke-Midura  Frederick Poole  Jared Roller  Vicki Allan 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(3):232-254

ABSTRACT

Stereotypes people hold about computer scientists contribute to underrepresentation in computer science. Perceptions of computer scientists have historically been linked to males and a “nerd” culture, which can lead to lack of interest, particularly for girls. This article presents two studies conducted with two groups of middle schoolers: those who attended our programming camp (Study One) and those who did not (Study Two). After analyzing participants’ drawings and two survey questions we found that perceptions youth holds about computer scientists may be improving. Additionally, we found that males (versus females) and those youth who did not attend our camp (versus those who did) tended to have more stereotypical perceptions of computer scientists. With this article, we contribute to the literature on CS stereotypes by examining both positive and negative representations youth had about computer scientists. We also cast light on the lack of awareness about this profession among the youth of this age.  相似文献