锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者体重指数和细胞免疫功能的作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王铁流  田中伟  周勇 《体育科学》2005,25(8):71-74

探讨微量元素锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者细胞免疫功能的影响。将30例12～30岁肥胖患者按体重指数值随机分为补锌有氧运动组和有氧运动组,采用PHA体外诱导淋巴细胞增殖,观测诱导后淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并测定细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ血清浓度的变化;用LDH释放法测定NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性,对结果进行统计学处理。两组结果相比较,经过锻炼后体重指数均下降,但补锌有氧运动组下降更为明显(P<0.05);补锌有氧运动组患者血液的淋巴细胞对PHA诱导的增殖能力显著增强(P<0.05);血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平也显著升高(P<0.05);NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性亦明显增强(P<0.05)。补锌加有氧运动可以改善肥胖患者细胞免疫功能状态,降低体重,增强机体的抵抗力,有利于帮助患者机体康复。  相似文献   

有氧运动条件下一氧化氮合成与肝脏尿素循环之间关系初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王冰梅  徐朝晖 《体育科学》2005,25(5):47-49

以方差分析和线性相关分析方法，探讨补充精氨酸和游泳训练对小鼠血NO(bNO)、血尿素氮(bBUN)和骨骼肌一氧化氮合酶(sNOS)的影响，篮球训练对大学生bNO、bBUN的影响以及小鼠／人肝脏尿素生成与NO合成之间的关系。结果表明：1)补充精氨酸对安静和训练小鼠NO和尿素生成均无显著影响；2)有氧训练使人／小鼠的NO和尿素生成均显著增加，且两者呈高度相关。结论：机体通过有效的自身调节机制，能够满足有氧运动下NO和尿素合成对Arg的需求，不需额外补充；肝脏尿素循环与外周NO合成是相互促进的，这也许是机体在有氧运动条件下对Arg、Cit需求与供应的自身调节机制，即：同肝脏与骨骼肌之间的葡萄糖—丙氨酸循环一样，肝脏与外周NO合成组织间可能存在着高效的“Cit—Arg cycle”。该结论需进一步实验证实。  相似文献   

我国竞技健美操规则的改变及其对运动技术发展的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘令姝 《北京体育大学学报》1995,(2)

为进一步促进我国竞技健美操运动技术水平的提高，对我国1986～1994年期间5次颁布的竞技健美操规则进行了研究；结合多年参加该项目训练、比赛的体会，分析了我国竞技健美操运动技术发展的状况，并提出相应的训练手段。  相似文献   

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data     

Larry A. Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1026-1035

ABSTRACT

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.  相似文献   

The acute testosterone,growth hormone,cortisol and interleukin-6 response to 164-km road cycling in a hot environment     

Jakob L. Vingren  Ronald G. Budnar Jr.  Amy L. McKenzie  Anthony A. Duplanty  Hui-Ying Luk  Danielle E. Levitt 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(8):694-699

This study investigated the acute endocrine responses to a 164-km road cycling event in a hot environment. Thirty-four male experienced cyclists (49.1 ± 8.3 years, 86.8 ± 12.5 kg, 178.1 ± 5.1 cm) participating in a 164-km road cycling event were recruited. Blood samples were collected within 0.3–2.0 h before the start (PRE: ~0500–0700 h) and immediately following the ride (POST). Samples were analysed for testosterone, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The temperature and humidity during the event were 35.3 ± 4.9°C and 47.2 ± 14.0%, respectively. Based on the finishing time, results for the fastest (FAST, 305 ± 10 min) and the slowest (SLOW, 467 ± 31 min) quartiles were compared. At POST, testosterone concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower (PRE, 20.8 ± 8.6; POST, 18.2 ± 6.7 nmol · L^?1), while GH (PRE, 0.3 ± 0.1; POST, 2.3 ± 0.3 µg · L^?1), cortisol (PRE, 661 ± 165; POST, 1073 ± 260 nmol · L^?1) and IL-6 (PRE, 4.0 ± 3.4; POST, 22.4 ± 15.2 pg · mL^?1) concentrations were significantly higher than those at PRE. At POST, GH and cortisol were significantly higher for the FAST group than for the SLOW group (GH, 3.6 ± 2.0 and 1.0 ± 0.8 µg · L^?1; cortisol, 1187 ± 209 and 867 ± 215 nmol · L^?1). Participation in an ultra-endurance road cycling event in a hot environment induced significant acute changes in concentrations of circulating hormones, with a greater augmentation of GH and cortisol in those completing the ride fastest.  相似文献   

Comment on: Forearm oxygenation and blood flow kinetics during a sustained contraction in multiple ability groups of rock climbers     

Tim Halsey 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(22)

We read with interest the authors’ paper on this important area of climbing physiology. We however wish to highlight the incorrect identification of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) as a finger flexor and the implications it has for the conclusions described. FCR is a wrist flexor and has no direct bearing on flexion of the fingers during a climbing grip and thus could be expected to have a reduced oxygenation response compared to flexor digitorum profundus. We also would like to seek clarification from the authors regarding their confidence in their method for locating the two muscles under investigation as we feel this may not be accurately possible using the method described.  相似文献   

Effects of glucose–fructose versus glucose ingestion on stride characteristics during prolonged treadmill running     

Patrick B. Wilson  Stacy J. Ingraham 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(3):270-282

Scarce research has examined the effects of carbohydrate composition on running stride characteristics. On two occasions, 14 males and 6 females completed a 120-min sub-maximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial. Participants consumed glucose (GLU) or glucose–fructose (GLU–FRU) beverages supplying 1.3 g/min carbohydrate. Substrate use, psychological affect [Feeling Scale (FS)], and stride characteristics (stride frequency, stride length, and contact time) were assessed. Effects were expressed as Cohen’s d (90% confidence limits [90% CL]). CLs for stride frequency differences at 53 min (90% CL = 0.04–0.21) and 113 min (90% CL = 0.02–0.24) did not cover 0, indicating a positive effect of GLU–FRU. However, effect sizes were small (d = 0.13) and likely-to-very-likely trivial. Energy expenditure differences at sub-maximal end were very likely trivial (d = 0.08; 90% CL = 0.00–0.17), while FS ratings were possibly higher for GLU–FRU at 50 (d = 0.19; 90% CL = ?0.10–0.48) and 110 min (d = 0.16; 90% CL = ?0.13–0.45). During the time trial, stride length was possibly higher with GLU–FRU (d = 0.13; 90% CL = ?0.08–0.33). Glucose–fructose co-ingestion has no significant effect on stride characteristics during constant-velocity running but may result in slightly higher stride length during self-paced running.  相似文献   

Ground reaction forces of Olympic and World Championship race walkers     

Brian Hanley  Athanassios Bissas 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):50-56

Race walking is an Olympic event where no visible loss of contact should occur and the knee must be straightened until midstance. The purpose of this study was to analyse ground reaction forces of world-class race walkers and associate them with key spatiotemporal variables. Nineteen athletes race walked along an indoor track and made contact with two force plates (1000 Hz) while being filmed using high-speed videography (100 Hz). Race walking speed was correlated with flight time (r = .46, p = .049) and flight distance (r = .69, p = .001). The knee's movement from hyperextension to flexion during late stance meant the vertical push-off force that followed midstance was smaller than the earlier loading peak (p < .001), resulting in a flattened profile. Athletes with narrower stride widths experienced reduced peak braking forces (r = .49, p = .046), peak propulsive forces (r = .54, p = .027), peak medial forces (r = .63, p = .007) and peak vertical push-off forces (r = .60, p = .011). Lower fluctuations in speed during stance were associated with higher stride frequencies (r = .69, p = .001), and highlighted the importance of avoiding too much braking in early stance. The flattened trajectory and consequential decrease in vertical propulsion might help the race walker avoid visible loss of contact (although non-visible flight times were useful in increasing stride length), while a narrow stride width was important in reducing peak forces in all three directions and could improve movement efficiency.  相似文献   

Low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation induces significant increases in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness     

Toshiaki Miyamoto  Hiroyuki Kamada  Akira Tamaki  Toshio Moritani 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1104-1110

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

ACE基因多态性与有氧耐力运动关系研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

甄文娟  谢盛  宋海宾 《乐山师范学院学报》2004,19(5):116-118

目前普遍认为ACE(血管紧张素转换酶)的水平和心血管的形态、功能密切相关。ACE基因的多态性是人耐力素质优劣的决定性因素之一。为了解运动员血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入或缺失(I/D）多态性情况，探讨ACE基因多态性与有氧耐力可能的关系，用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测20例运动员和20例健康对照者的ACE基因多态性。结果位于ACE基因16内含子的L／D多态性经PCR扩增后呈三种基因型：纯合子插入型(II）、纯合子缺失型(DD)和杂合子插入或缺失型(ID)。耐力运动员组Ⅱ基因型和Ⅰ等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组。结果表明ACE基因可能在运动员的有氧耐力中起重要作用。  相似文献