不同强度跑台运动对大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA3区突触超微结构的影响     

龚云 《北京体育大学学报》2012,35(3):63-66

探讨不同强度跑台运动对大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA3区超微结构的影响。40只Wister大鼠随机被分为4组(对照组、低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组,各10只),按各自强度运动60 d后,通过一次性被动回避反应实验,逐只测量其步入潜伏期的时间(STL);后每组任选5只大鼠,取右侧海马CA3区按常规方法制作超薄切片,60K倍透射电镜观察并拍照,Motic Images Advanced 3.1软件测量相关突触界面结构。结果表明:低强度运动组大鼠,电击后24 h步入潜伏期的时间显著延长(P0.05),海马CA3区突触后膜致密物质非常显著增厚(P0.01)。突触界面呈现平直型、正向弯曲型和负向弯曲型三种,以平直型为主。由此可见,低等强度运动可增强记忆能力,并影响海马CA3区神经元突触结构发生可塑性变化,突触后膜致密物质厚度与记忆能力呈正相关。  相似文献   

有氧运动对apoE基因缺陷小鼠主动脉脂质斑块面积及血清炎症相关细胞因子水平的影响     

孙焱  郝选明  耿青青  金焕  张艳艳  任琦 《北京体育大学学报》2012,35(4):53-58

目的:以apoE基因缺陷小鼠建立动脉粥样硬化模型,研究有氧运动对动脉硬化脂质斑块面积和血清相关细胞因子水平的影响。方法:apoE基因缺陷小鼠随机分为安静对照组和运动组(游泳运动,90 min/次,6次/周,周末休息,共持续10周),10周后测定和比较两组小鼠的血脂水平、主动脉血管脂质斑块面积以及血清脂联素(adiponectin)、白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平。结果:结果表明,与对照组相比,1)有氧运动组小鼠主动脉的脂质斑块面积明显缩小(P0.05),血脂状况显著改善。2)10周有氧运动可以显著下调apoE小鼠的TNF-α(P0.01)和IL-6(P0.01)水平,同时显著上调adiponectin(P0.01)的水平。结论:1)10周有氧运动能显著抑制apoE基因缺陷小鼠动脉粥样硬化的发展,并改善动脉粥样硬化小鼠的血脂水平。2)10周有氧运动可以显著提高apoE基因缺陷小鼠血清中抗炎因子的水平,同时显著降低促炎因子的水平,两者综合作用的结果,可有效改善apoE基因缺陷小鼠系统的炎症状态。  相似文献   

河南省医护人员体育意识与行为调查研究     

何祖新  孙自敏  袁海中 《河北体育学院学报》2012,(1):82-85

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对河南省医护人员体育意识与行为进行调查研究,结果表明河南省医护人员有着良好的体育意识,但河南省医护人员中体育人口仅为20.24%,低于全国平均水平。影响河南省医护人员参与体育锻炼的主要因素有工作繁忙、余暇时间少、缺少体育场地设施、没有兴趣等,针对以上情况提出了建议。  相似文献   

运动生理学研究中的道德伦理与困境——基于生命伦理学视阈的研究     

赵金岭  张淑香 《山西师大体育学院学报》2012,27(1):62-67

运用文献资料、专家访谈法等研究方法,对生命伦理学的演进及其在我国的研究状况进行了阐述。在此基础上,对我国运动生理学研究中的道德伦理与面临的困境进行了深入剖析,最后,针对存在的问题提出了一些富有建设性的对策与意见。  相似文献   

对脚斗士运动员下肢关节慢性损伤的研究     

赵辉 《山西师大体育学院学报》2012,(5):120-122

目的：研究长期进行脚斗士运动训练和比赛的人群下肢关节慢性运动损伤的情况。方法：以90名参加脚斗士运动训练四年以上不同专业学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查、访谈、X线、CT、核磁共振检查等方法对训练者下肢关节的慢性损伤情况进行调查并与未参加该项运动的学生对照组对比。结果：长时间从事脚斗士运动下肢关节的损伤情况与对照组存在差异,慢性损伤的发生率为：骶髂关节5.6%、髋关节3.3%、膝关节27.8%、踝关节34.4%、足关节16.7%,均高于对照组。结论：角斗士比赛及训练过程中存在慢性损伤的风险。训练时间过长、训练场地不规范、训练方式不合理、对运动损伤的认识不够是造成这些慢性损伤的主要原因,需要进一步加强管理及改进训练方法。  相似文献   

太极拳作为健身运动处方的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐飞  杨慧馨 《吉林体育学院学报》2012,(3):113-116

太极拳是中国传统的健身项目,在全世界范围内拥有众多的爱好者和习练人群。研究表明,能够作为一种行之有效的健身内容应用于健身运动处方之中。采用文献梳理的方法,从太极拳运动强度、对心肺机能的影响以及其抗衰老的健身效果三方面总结了太极拳的科学研究成果。  相似文献   

Self-efficacy and imagery use in older adult exercisers     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):197-203

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and imagery use in older male (n = 40) and female (n = 52) exercisers. Participants’ self-efficacy was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Exercisers, and their use of imagery was evaluated using the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire. Results revealed that older adult exercisers were most efficacious in terms of the task, followed by scheduling physical activity into their daily routines, and finally overcoming barriers related to physical activity. Older adult exercisers also reported using appearance and technique imagery to much the same extent, but used both significantly more than energy imagery. In addition, energy imagery predicted task self-efficacy but none of the three functions of imagery predicted barrier and scheduling self-efficacy.  相似文献   

Physical activity levels during Dutch primary and secondary school physical education     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):249-257

Abstract

Objective: Physical education (PE) has been attributed an important role in providing young people with physical activity. If sufficiently active, PE lessons could contribute to physical activity levels in youth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the overall intensity of Dutch primary and secondary school physical education (PE) lessons and the influence of various lesson characteristics on these intensity levels. Methods: Between September 2008 and June 2009 heart rates were measured using the Polar Team System in a nationally distributed sample of 913 students in 40 schools in the Netherlands. Results: Overall percentages lesson time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 46.7% and 40.1% during primary school and secondary school PE respectively. Results indicated a sharp decline in girls’ PE intensity levels at the beginning of secondary school. Furthermore, secondary school boys were more active than girls. The high prevalence of teamgames in the Dutch PE curricula might prevent secondary school girls from attaining similar physical activity levels during PE.  相似文献   

Effect of warm-up exercise on delayed-onset muscle soreness     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):455-461

Abstract

In this study, we wished to determine whether a warm-up exercise consisting of 100 submaximal concentric contractions would attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and decreases in muscle strength associated with eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Ten male students performed two bouts of an elbow flexor exercise consisting of 12 maximal eccentric contractions with a warm-up exercise for one arm (warm-up) and without warm-up for the other arm (control) in a randomized, counterbalanced order separated by 4 weeks. Muscle temperature of the biceps brachii prior to the exercise was compared between the arms, and muscle activity of the biceps brachii during the exercise was assessed by surface integral electromyogram (iEMG). Changes in visual analogue scale for muscle soreness and maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors were assessed before, immediately after, and every 24 h for 5 days following exercise, and compared between the warm-up and control conditions by a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. The pre-exercise biceps brachii muscle temperature was significantly (P<0.01) higher for the warm-up (35.8±0.2°C) than the control condition (34.4±0.2°C), but no significant differences in iEMG and torque produced during exercise were evident between conditions. Changes in muscle soreness and MVC were not significantly different between conditions, although these variables showed significant (P<0.05) changes over time. It was concluded that the warm-up exercise was not effective in mitigating delayed-onset muscle soreness and loss of muscle strength following maximal eccentric exercise.  相似文献   

Building muscle: nutrition to maximize bulk and strength adaptations to resistance exercise training     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):67-76

Abstract

Several nutritional strategies can optimize muscle bulk and strength adaptations and enhance recovery from heavy training sessions. Adequate energy intake to meet the needs of training and carbohydrate intake sufficient to maintain glycogen stores (>7 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for women; >8 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for men) are important. Dietary protein intake for top sport athletes should include some foods with high biological value, with a maximum requirement of approximately 1.7 g·kg^?1·day^?1 being easily met with an energy sufficient diet. The early provision of carbohydrate (>1 g·kg^?1) and protein (>10 g) early after an exercise session will enhance protein balance and optimize glycogen repletion. Creatine monohydrate supplementation over several days increases body mass through water retention and can increase high-intensity repetitive ergometer performance. Creatine supplementation can enhance total body and lean fat free mass gains during resistance exercise training; however, strength gains do not appear to be enhanced versus an optimal nutritional strategy (immediate post-exercise protein and carbohydrate). Some studies have suggested that β-OH-methyl butyric acid (β-HMB) can enhance gains made through resistance exercise training; however, it has not been compared “head to head” with optimal nutritional practices. Overall, the most effective way to increase strength and bulk is to perform sport-specific resistance exercise training with the provision of adequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein. Creatine monohydrate and β-HMB supplementation may enhance the strength gains made through training by a small margin but the trade-off is likely to be greater bulk, which may be ergolytic for any athlete participating in a weight-supported activity.  相似文献