留守与非留守青少年生活事件现状的比较研究     

王世嫘  赵洁 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2013,(5):53-57

采用问卷方法对526名留守青少年和860名非留守青少年进行生活事件及其比较研究。结果发现,学习压力和人际关系是影响留守青少年最大的两个因子;男性留守青少年在受惩罚、丧失、健康适应、其他4个因子及总体生活事件上均显著高于女性;不同年级的留守青少年在人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、丧失、健康适应5个因子及总体生活事件上均有显著性差异;住宿的留守青少年在学习压力、人际关系、健康适应3个N子及总体生活事件上均显著高于走读生;是否独生子女对留守青少年无显著影响;非班干部的留守青少年在学习压力、健康适应2个因子上显著高于班干部。在人际关系、学习压力、健康适应3个因子上和总体生活事件上非留守青少年显著都高于留守青少年。  相似文献   

Aerobic Capacity in Black Adolescent Girls     

James M. Pivarnik PhD  Janet E. Fulton  Wendell C. Taylor  Sharon A. Snider 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):202-207

Abstract

Our purpose was to determine the aerobic capacities (VO₂max) of a group of black female adolescents (age = 11.4 ? 15.8 years) randomly chosen from a single urban school. Of 91 girls selected, 64 performed an incremental treadmill running test to volitional exhaustion and achieved VO₂max as determined from expired gas measures. Other measures included height (m), weight (kg), and calf and triceps skinfolds (for % fat estimates). Girls were also asked whether they had achieved menarche. VO₂max averaged 37.3 ± 6.2 ml·kg^?1 ·min^?1 and was significantly correlated (r[62]) with height (?.32, p < .01), body mass index (?.63, p < .001), and % fat (?.65, p < .001) but not with age (?.16, p > .10). Postmenarchal girls were significantly taller and older than premenarchal girls. Contrary to previous studies, the girls' VO₂max values were not related to biological age. Our subjects' aerobic capacity values averaged 14% less than those of nonblack U.S. female adolescents previously reported in the literature. This difference in VO₂max was primarily a function of body weight. Study implications support the possibility that overweight in adult black women may originate prior to or during early adolescence. Future longitudinal studies should be designed to investigate the effects of aerobic fitness on cardiovascular risk factor reduction in black adolescent girls.  相似文献   

The effect of adolescents' sports clubs participation on self-reported mental and physical conditions and future expectations     

Thórdís Lilja Gísladóttir  Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1139-1145

Abstract

Sports clubs create conditions for people of all ages to pursue a healthy lifestyle through exercise in sports and attend to constructive pedagogical work which creates much value for society. This study investigates the relationship between adolescents' sports clubs participation and self-reported mental and physical conditions and future expectations. The participants were 10,987 pupils in the final three years of their compulsory education in Iceland (aged 14–16 years). The participants completed questionnaires administered to students in the classroom relating to health and behaviour. The results indicate that participation in sports clubs influences adolescents positively; adolescents who work hard at sport not only believe they are in better mental and physical condition, they also believe they can succeed in other areas such as their studies. Sports clubs promote positive influence on adolescents' mental and physical conditions and their future expectations toward work and happiness. It can be concluded that participation in organised sports clubs affects the participants in a positive way.  相似文献   

A Reply to Chromiak and Stone     

Stephen P. Messier  Mary Elizabeth Dill 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):341-343

Abstract

Influence from parents and friends on adolescents' self-reported level of leisure-time physical activity was examined through measures of (a) perceived leisure-time physical activity of parents and best friend, (b) perceived direct support for physical activity from parents and friends, (c) direct help from parents in exercising vigorously, and (d) perceived value of physical activity of parents and friends. The present analysis included 904 students in western Norway (M age 13.3 years, SD 0.3) who took part in a health behavior survey, which included questions regarding physical activity. Students completed a confidential questionnaire at school All four measures of influence were positively related to students' activity levels. None of the examined measures was clearly stronger than the other. Parental and peer physical activity level and parental and peer support for physical activity seem to influence the reported physical activity level of the respondents. The findings indicate that, by serving as models and supporters, significant others have an important impact in promoting physical activity in young adolescents.  相似文献   

Influence of vitamin D mushroom powder supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage in vitamin D insufficient high school athletes     

R. Andrew Shanely  David C. Nieman  Amy M. Knab  Nicholas D. Gillitt  Mary Pat Meaney  Fuxia Jin 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):670-679

Abstract

Incidence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation with vitamin D₂ from Portobello mushroom powder would enhance skeletal muscle function and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage in low vitamin D status high school athletes. Participants were randomised to Portobello mushroom powder (600 IU/d vitamin D₂) or placebo for 6 weeks. Participants then completed a 1.5-h exercise session designed to induce skeletal muscle damage. Blood samples and measures of skeletal muscle function were taken pre-supplementation, post-supplementation/pre-exercise and post-exercise. Six weeks supplementation with vitamin D₂ increased serum 25(OH)D₂ by 9.9-fold and decreased serum 25(OH)D₃ by 28%. Changes in skeletal muscle function and circulating markers of skeletal muscle damage did not differ between groups. In conclusion, 600 IU/d vitamin D₂ increased 25(OH)D₂ with a concomitant decrease in 25(OD)D₃, with no effect on muscular function or exercise-induced muscle damage in high school athletes.  相似文献   

体育锻炼对青少年平衡能力发展的影响     

汪坤  王延芳  张有俊  唐光旭 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(5):31-32

平衡能力是静态与动态活动的基础能力。由于运动损伤不仅对青少年身心造成伤害而且还会影响青少年体质,所以近年来青少年的平衡能力作为体质与健康测试指标之一日益受到人们重视。本文主要目的是通过阐述青少年平衡能力的研究历史及其生理学机制;评述符合青少年平衡能力特点的研究;讨论了体育锻炼对青少年平衡能力的影响;并提出一些通过体育锻炼方法来提高青少年的平衡能力,从而达到减少运动损伤的发生率。  相似文献   

网络文化与青少年思想品德发展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘守旗 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,25(6):745-752

网络社会的到来是全人类的一件大事,它赋予了青少年道德教育以崭新的内涵：网络社会的实质是网络化,青少年作为网络社会的拓荒,在创造网络化的同时也在受到化的改造。网络化对青少年思想品德发展既有积极影响,也有消极影响,并给我们的教育提出了新课题。  相似文献   

Associations between adolescent boys’ and girls’ psychological adjustment and behaviour in school     

Anni Tamm  Margus Tõnissaar  Juta Jaani  Tiia Tulviste 《教育心理学》2018,38(4):502-512

The present study examined associations between boys’ and girls’ self-reported psychological adjustment and a wide spectrum of peer-rated behaviours in the school context using a sample of 463 Estonian early adolescents (M_age = 12.90). Although girls had more internalised problems and boys more externalised problems, the associations between adolescents’ psychological adjustment and behaviour were not gender-specific. Among both boys and girls, hostility was positively associated not only with their peer-reported misbehaviour, but also with sociable behaviour and negatively with studiousness. Adolescents with negative self-esteem were perceived to exhibit high levels of self-centred competitive behaviour, misbehaviour and also sociable behaviour. Those with negative self-adequacy, on the contrary, were less likely to behave in a self-centred competitive and sociable manner. In general, the findings show that psychological maladjustment may appear not only in well-observed problematic behaviour but also in seemingly ordinary behaviour in school.  相似文献   

Vocational Interests and Career Efficacy Expectations in Relation to Occupational Sex-Typing Beliefs for Eighth Grade Students     

Peter Y. Ji  Richard T. Lapan  Kevin Tate 《Journal of Career Development》2004,31(2):143-154

Following the recommendations of Lent, Brown and Hackett's Social Cognitive Career Theory (2000), we measured eighth grade boys' and girls' perception of the proportion of men and women employed in occupations and their level of interest and self-efficacy for those occupations. Results indicated that eighth grade boys and girls expressed stronger career interest in and higher self-efficacy for those occupations that they rated as employing more of their own gender. The study highlights how career practitioners can work with adolescents to widen their perceived range of occupational choices.  相似文献   

澳门青少年的网络依赖与社会性发展研究     

甄霜菊  吴慧明  张卫 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,(2):124-128

采用问卷法考查澳门1208名年龄由10岁至21岁在校中小学生的网络依赖程度，及其与对他人信赖感、主观幸福感、社会疏离感、内外向四个方面社会性发展的关系。结果发现：（1）网络依赖程度存在性别及年级差异，男性的网络依赖程度显著高于女性，初一学生的严重与轻度网络依赖比例最高。（2）网络依赖组在网络聊天、打游戏、影视音乐、下载及浏览成人网站这五项网络使用行为上所花的时间显著高于无依赖组。（3）网络依赖组与无网络依赖组在对他人信赖感、生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感及社会疏离感上存在显著差异。  相似文献