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71.
析过度训练的产生机制与诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
过度训练的产生机制和过度训练的诊断是运动医学研究的重要课题，对过度训练的产生机制和过度训练的诊断指标做了分析。 相似文献
72.
[目的]：研究运动预适应对过度训练大鼠心肌缺血缺氧形态影响及血清MDA.[方法]：将鼠随机分为安静对照组、一般训练组、过度训练组、运动预适应组.安静对照组常规饲氧,不加干预;一般训练组第1-2w常规饲养,第3-4w进行无负重游泳运动,每次游泳1h/d,每周游泳6天.过度训练组第1-2w常规饲养,第3-4w每天进行一次尾部负重3％体重的负荷进行力竭性游泳,每周游泳6天.运动预适应组第1-2W大鼠每天尾部负重3％体重负荷进行间歇性游泳运动一次,每天游泳15 min,休息5 min,重复3次,6 d/周,周日休息,第3-4周运动与过度训练组的第3-4周训练一致.训练结束后取材,进行常规HE染色和HBEP染色并摄片,测血清MDA.[结果]：HE染色,过度训练组肌纤维排列紊乱,部分肌纤维界限模糊.运动预适应组肌纤维轮廓较清楚.HBEP染色过度训练组有若干片状的红色缺血缺氧部位;运动预适应组心肌缺血缺氧改变程度比过度训练组明显减轻.运动各组大鼠血清MDA均高于安静对照组;过度训练组高于一般训练组和运动预适应组.[结论]：运动预适应可以降低过度训练大鼠血清MDA的含量,对心肌缺血缺氧性损伤产生保护作用. 相似文献
73.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):267-276
Abstract Overload training resulting in an overreached state is common in elite sports, and if undetected can develop into an overtraining syndrome. This risk is accentuated by the lack of reliable measures of overreaching. Coaches and scientists therefore have to use a combination of tests in the monitoring process. This article presents a case study of the recovery from underperformance of a young elite endurance athlete and the work of a multidisciplinary sport science support team. When it was determined that the athlete's performance had deteriorated, and that this was due solely to the stress of training, training load was radically reduced for a period of 14 days. A combination of physiological, biochemical, and psychological measurements were then used to monitor the recovery process. The purpose of this article is to describe how coaches and sport science teams can help in monitoring training and recovery in practical settings, allowing detection of the early signs of overreaching before a more serious overtraining syndrome develops. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):207-214
Abstract The aim of the present study was to find early markers for overreaching that are applicable in sport practice. In a group of elite soccer players aged 15–18, the stress–recovery balance and reaction times before and after exercise were assessed. Overreaching was indicated by an elevated submaximal heart rate during a sport-specific field test. Submaximal changes in heart rate were prospectively monitored by means of monthly Interval Shuttle Run Tests during two competitive seasons. Out of 94 players, seven players with an elevated heart rate of at least one month could be included in the study, together with seven controls, matched for age, body composition, training and performance level. The stress–recovery balance was assessed with the Dutch version of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-Sport). The soccer players with an elevated heart rate reported a disturbed stress–recovery balance (Mann–Whitney test, P<0.05). An ANOVA for repeated measures of reaction times revealed a significant main effect of time (F 1,12=13.87, P<0.01) indicating an improvement of psychomotor speed. No differences between groups were found. We conclude that soccer players with an elevated submaximal heart rate of at least one month share a disturbed stress–recovery balance, but they could not be distinguished from controls based on reaction time after strenuous exercise. 相似文献
75.
目的探讨过度训练后中枢神经系统海马CA1区及下丘脑促垂体区中的NOS表达变化。研究方法用免疫组织化学法对过度训练大鼠的海马CA1区、腹内侧核的组织切片,比较实验组、对照组大鼠这些核团的NOS阳性神经元形态,并在显微镜下每张切片随机取3个视野,统计并比较实验组、对照组NOS阳性神经元的数量。结果(1)过度训练的雄性大鼠下丘脑腹内侧核NOS阳性神经元数目比无训练的雄性大鼠的多(P<0.05);(2)过度训练雄性大鼠海马CA1区NOS的阳性神经元数目显著增多(P<0.01),并且发现过度训练大鼠此区的神经元胞体体积明显增大,过度训练大鼠海马CA1区NOS活性比无训练的明显增大(P<0.01)。结论NOS的增多可能是过度训练后神经中枢疲劳的特征之一,NOS可能从下丘脑促垂体区参与过度训练疲劳综合征的形成,可能参与和引起下丘脑功能紊乱和神经元肿胀。 相似文献
76.
过度训练对大鼠血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平的影响 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27
对SD大鼠进行游泳训练建立过度训练模型。实验结果:经过不同强度的游泳训练后,过度训练组血浆ET(内皮素)的含量(204.76±26.12pg/ml)显著高于对照组(17.89±40.03pg/ml);血浆CGRP(降钙素相关肽)含量(84.06±28.69pg/ml)显著低于对照组(142.30±40.40pg/ml)和一般训练组(151.41±81.79 pg/ml);ET/CGRP(2.71±0.96)显著高于对照组(1.65±1.10)和一般训练组(1.76±0.96)。一般训练组血浆ET、CGRP和ET/CGRP与对照组相比,虽然有所上升,但无显著性差异。结果表明:过度训练可使机体分泌ET增多,而分泌CGRP减少;过度训练导致ET和CGRP的分泌失调,可能是过度训练引起运动性高血压的病理生理机制,动态观察血浆ET和CGRP对过度训练的诊断与预防有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
77.
本文通过分析与实证相结合的方式阐述了OSF训练法可以作为普通高校业余田径训练的一种新方法,并对该训练方法的优缺点和实践中应注意的问题等进行了初步分析。 相似文献
78.
大强度游泳运动对大鼠肌力和血红蛋白的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观察大鼠过度疲劳产生过程中血红蛋白(Hb)、体重及精神状况的改变，探讨过度疲劳出现时局部肌肉功能的变化。结果发现，当大鼠出现体重下降，Hb显著降低，神态倦怠等一系列过度疲劳症候时，局部肌肉的肌力和工作时间仍保持较高的水平。 相似文献
79.
Daniel J. Madigan Andrew P. Hill Paul A. Anstiss Sarah H. Mallinson-Howard Simon Kumar 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):713-721
Training distress occurs when athletes fail to cope with physiological and psychological stress and can be an early sign of overtraining syndrome. Recent research has found that perfectionism predicts increases in training distress in junior athletes over time. The current study provides the first empirical test of the possibility that coping tendencies mediate the perfectionism-training distress relationship. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 171 junior athletes (mean age?=?18.1 years) completed self-report measures of perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, problem-focused coping, avoidant coping, and training distress. Structural equation modelling revealed that avoidant coping mediated the positive relationship between perfectionistic concerns and training distress, and mediated the negative relationship between perfectionistic strivings and training distress. Problem-focused coping did not mediate any relationships between dimensions of perfectionism and training distress. The findings suggest that the tendency to use coping strategies aimed at avoiding stress may partly explain the relationship between perfectionism and training distress but the tendency to use, or not use, problem-focussed coping does not. 相似文献
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