排序方式： 共有80条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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心境状态量表监测运动疲劳的评价研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为评定修订心境状态量表(POMS-R)的信度和效度,并试图找出提示过度训练(OT)的参考值.在中小运动量期间,整群抽样调查广东省各专业运动队以评价量表内部一致性和结构效度,另在大中负荷训练后对部分运动队进行随访调查以确定POMS-R最佳参考值.结果表明:POMS-R的Cronbach alpha系数是0.9,因子分析析出7个因子,累计贡献率58.1%.对于自诉训练后有疲乏者,则当POMS总分大于130(男)135(女)提示有OT,其灵敏度为73.3% (男)90%(女),特异度为85%(男)、77%(女).说明:POMS-R有较好信度和效度,对监测运动后疲乏者有无OT有一定价值. 相似文献
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过度训练对大鼠各组织谷氨酰胺代谢的影响及谷氨酰胺干预的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的 :探讨过度训练大鼠各脏器组织谷氨酰胺 (Gln)的代谢变化及Gin的干预作用。方法 :采用过度训练大鼠模型 ,通过补充Gln对比试验 ,应用高效液相色谱技术 ,观察过度训练后大鼠血浆及各组织中Gln含量的变化。结果 :单纯运动组大鼠血浆 ,肌肉、肝脏、肺脏Gln含量与安静对照组比较 ,明显减少 (P <0 0 )补充Gln运动组大鼠血浆及各组织Gln含量与安静对照组比较 ,下降不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,与单纯训练组比较 ,显著升高。结论 :过度训练状态下大鼠血浆及各组织Gln含量显著下降 ,补充外源性的Gln能有效的维持过度训练状态下机体Gln的正常代谢。 相似文献
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通过整理与分析过度训练动物模型、模型制备的注意事项及评价指标,探讨过度训练动物模型存在的问题,为过度训练的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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目的:探讨过度训练对大鼠小肠粘膜机械屏障的影响及其大豆多肽的干预作用和机制.方法:实验大鼠随机分为对照组、过度训练组、大豆多肽干预组.过度训练组大鼠进行每周6次共9周的力竭性运动训练.大豆多肽干预组大鼠,在每次训练之前灌服用生理盐水新鲜配制的大豆多肽溶液,补充剂量为0.5 g/kg体重.9周后,观察各组大鼠小肠粘膜的组织结构.并测定血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量以及小肠中SOD活性和MDA含量.结果:①与对照组比较,过度训练组大鼠小肠绒毛水肿增粗,数目明显减少,绒毛之间的间隙变大.绒毛高度显著缩短,部分粘膜上皮细胞出现肿胀、变性,甚至坏死等病理性变化.且血浆DAO活性和内毒素含量显著升高,小肠组织中SOD活性显著降低,而MDA含量显著升高.②大豆多肽干预组大鼠小肠绒毛数目稍微有些减少,绒毛之间的间隙稍有增大,绒毛高度与对照组相比没有显著性变化,但是小肠粘膜上皮细胞形态结构基本正常,没有明显的变性、肿胀、坏死等病理性变化.与过度训练组相比,大豆多肽干预组血浆DAO活性和内毒素含量显著降低.小肠组织中MDA含量显著下降,SOD活性显著升高.结论:①过度训练可以导致小肠粘膜的萎缩和损伤,破坏小肠粘膜屏障,引起小肠粘膜通透性的增加,从而形成"内毒素血症".②大豆多肽的补充可以有效地缓解过度训练大鼠肠道粘膜的损伤,降低肠上皮的通透性,对保护小肠粘膜的屏障功能具有非常重要的作用.③过度训练可使肠道清除自由基的能力下降,氧自由基生成增加,从而导致肠道粘膜的损伤.在大负荷训练之前补充外源性大豆多肽可能有助于增加小肠粘膜的抗氧化能力,有效预防肠道粘膜氧化性损伤的发生. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):387-395
Abstract Passion is a strong motivational force towards an activity considered very important, possibly to the extent that the activity forms a part of an individual's identity. Two forms of passion, harmonious and obsessive, are thought to lead to different cognitive and affective responses. Although being passionate about sport appears to be important from a motivational perspective, it possibly also increases the risk for burnout, which is a negative consequence blamed partly on too much training and inadequate recovery. The question voiced in this study is whether harmonious passion and obsessive passion pose equal risks for burnout. Participants were 94 female and 164 male competitive athletes from 21 sports. The results, analysed using partial correlation and multivariate analyses of variance, showed that athletes with an obsessive passion scored higher on a burnout inventory than did harmoniously passionate athletes. Obsessively passionate athletes also scored higher on perceived stress and negative affect, and lower on positive affect. These findings support the assumption that even though the two forms of passion may be an integral part of elite sports, athletes scoring high on obsessive passion may be at greater risk of developing burnout than more harmoniously passionate athletes. Burning bright and burning out can thus be seen as two potential consequences for athletes driven by passion. Athletes and coaches who are aware of this may be better equipped to avoid the potential negative consequences associated with too much stress and too little recovery. 相似文献
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Lee Bell Alan Ruddock Thomas Maden-Wilkinson David. Rogerson 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(16):1897-1912
ABSTRACT
To date, little is known about overreaching (OR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in strength sports and resistance training (RT) populations. However, the available literature may elucidate the occurrence of both conditions in these populations. A scoping review was conducted. SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in a robust and systematic manner, with relevant articles analysed. 1170 records were retrieved during an initial search, with a total of 47 included in the review. Two broad themes were identified during data extraction: 1) overreaching in strength sports; 2) overreaching and overtraining syndrome in RT. Short-term periods of OR achieved with either high-volume or high-intensity RT can elicit functional OR (FOR) but there is also evidence that chronic high-volume and/or intensity RT can lead to non-functional overreaching (NFOR). There is minimal evidence to suggest that true OTS has occurred in strength sports or RT based on the studies entered during this review. More research is needed to develop robust guiding principles for practitioners. Additionally, due to the heterogeneous nature of the existing literature, future research would benefit from the development of practical tools to identify and diagnose the transition from FOR to NFOR, and subsequently OTS in strength athletes and RT populations. 相似文献
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Physiological or performance tests are routinely utilised to assess athletes’ recovery. At present, the ideal tool to assess recovery remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to examine the change in creatine kinase (CK) and neuromuscular function as measured via a countermovement jump (CMJ) following a match in the contact codes of football. A comprehensive search of databases was undertaken with RevMan (V 5.3) used for statistical analysis. Our results demonstrated that CK pre- versus post-match (standardised mean difference (SMD)?=?0.90, 95% CI?=?0.50 to 1.31, p?p?p?p?=?.03), and pre- versus 24?h post-match (SMD?=??0.80, 95% CI?=??1.31 to ?0.28, p?=?.002) decreased significantly. There was a significant relationship between the change in CK and the change in CMJ PP from immediately pre to immediately post (r?=??0.924, p?=?.025), and between CMJ immediately following a match and 24?h CK change (r?=??0.983, p?=?.017). In conclusion, CK levels increase and performance in the CMJ decreases following a match of a contact code of football. The identification of this relationship may allow coaching staff to implement a standalone measure of recovery. 相似文献
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Anne-Marie Elbe Camilla P. Rasmussen Glen Nielsen Nikolai B. Nordsborg 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(3):344-349
This study investigated the effect of increased high-intensity interval training (HIT) at the expense of total training volume on the stress and recovery levels of elite swimmers. Forty-one elite swimmers participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a HIT or a control group (CON). Eleven swimmers did not complete the questionnaires. For 12 weeks both groups trained ~12 h per week. The amount of HIT was ~5 h vs. 1 h, and total distance was ~17 km vs. ~35 km per week for HIT and CON, respectively. HIT was performed as 6–10 × 10–30 s maximal effort interspersed by 2–4 min of rest. The Recovery Stress Questionnaire – Sport was used to measure the swimmers’ stress and recovery levels. After the 12 week intervention, the general stress level was 16.6% (2.6–30.7%; mean and 95% CI) lower and the general recovery level was 6.5% (0.7–12.4%) higher in HIT compared to the CON, after adjusting for baseline values. No significant effects could be observed in sports-specific stress or sports-specific recovery. The results indicate that increasing training intensity and reducing training volume for 12 weeks can reduce general stress and increase general recovery levels in competitive swimmers. 相似文献