Getting What You Pay For: Children's Use of Market Norms to Regulate Exchanges     

Margaret Echelbarger  Susan A. Gelman  Charles W. Kalish 《Child development》2019,90(6):2071-2085

Children are sensitive to a number of considerations influencing distributions of resources, including equality, equity, and reciprocity. We tested whether children use a specific type of reciprocity norm—market norms—in which resources are distributed differentially based strictly on amount offered in return. In two studies, 195 children 5–10 years and 60 adults distributed stickers to friends offering same or different amounts of money. Overall, participants distributed more equally when offers were the same and more unequally when offers were different. Although sensitive to why friends offered different amounts of money, children increasingly incorporated market norms into their distributions with age, as the oldest children and adults distributed more to those offering more, irrespective of the reasons provided.  相似文献   

实践教学环节的质量评价体系平台的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈传海  李雪 《安徽职业技术学院学报》2003,2(3):27-32

高职高专院校实践教学环节是高职高专教学中的一个非常重要的组成部分 ,它直接关系到能否实现高职高专教育人才培养目标。目前大多数高职高专院校对实践教学环节开始重视 ,但对实践教学环节质量的考核、评价还停留在原来的评价手段和方法上。本文是立足高职高专教育的人才培养目标 ,构建高职高专实践教学环节的质量评价的新平台。通过质量评价体系评价 ,客观、公正、科学、合理的评价学生的实践技能 ,同时改变那些不符合要求的实践技能培养模式  相似文献   

重新审视中等学校师资培训工作     

王回澜  吴雪 《内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2006,19(6):81-83

中等学校师资培训是保证基础教育质量的重要环节。尽管师资培训体系已初步形成,但培训的理论、目标、内容、考核机制和跟踪管理都有不足之处。这就要求改变师资培训的观念,树立学习型组织的理论和终身教育、自主性培训以及培训福利化的观念,将师资培训与实施教师职务聘任制相结合,重视教师综合素质的培养,提高师资培训的成本效益。  相似文献   

儿童青少年运动员的营养需要     

Oded Bar-Or　Linda Houtkooper　Susan Barr　Anita Rivera-Brown　Michael Bergeron　Tom Rowland　Ruth Carey　Suzanne Steen　Priscilla Clarkson 《体育科学》2001,21(5):89-93

1. 儿童青少年运动员应该食用多样化的食物，其中，蛋白质应占膳食总能量的12％-15％，碳水化合物至少占55％，而脂肪至多占30％。日常生活中如何吃才能满足这些要求呢？膳食指南宝塔提供了一条可行之道。2.有些营养素对热爱运动的儿童青少年运动员非常重要，要保证摄入充足，这些营养素是碳水化合物（包括纤维素）、维生素B6、维生素D、铁、钙、镁、锌、铬。科学合理、包罗各类食物的平衡膳食，对青少年运动员最大程度地全面摄取各种营养素，满足生长发育和运动训练的需要，是非常必要的。3.鼓励儿童青少年运动员在运动训练前、中、后进行补液，以避免脱水的发生。4.如果膳食合理平衡，就没必要额外补充营养品。  相似文献   

骨骼肌基因转移系统的建立     

陆爱云  文立  曾凡辉  陈立  邹蓓艳  卢大儒  薛京伦 《上海体育学院学报》2002,26(4):43-47

以EGFP为标记基因，利用重新构建的pAV-EGFP质粒，采用直接注射方法，进行了离体和在体基因转移研究。实验结果显示，经脂质体包裹后，质粒可以有效地进行细胞转移；DNA表达载体肌肉直接注射后，利用共聚焦显微镜可以在注射点周围的肌细胞观察到绿色荧光蛋白；而在对侧肢PCR和共聚焦显微镜的结果均为阴性。实验结果表明，肌肉直接注射DNA可以在肌肉得到表达，将会为治疗肌肉损伤带来新的方法。  相似文献   

坐式排球运动员的选材特殊性分析     

马冬梅  乐融融  张俊  薛寒松 《天水师范学院学报》2006,26(5):72-75

坐式排球是残疾人奥运会正式比赛项目,2000年我国把坐式排球列为全国残疾人运动会正式比赛项目。经过五年的发展,我国坐式排球运动水平已进入世界六强行列。为了完成2008年北京残奥会上男女双获金牌的战略目标,当前最重要的工作就是加强二线队伍的建设,加大运动员的选材力度。经过三年的跟队研究,总结出坐式排球运动员选材的特殊性:放宽运动员的年龄界限,要求队员有较长的上体和上肢。残障程度:以小腿截肢和两下肢不等长的运动员最适合参加坐式排球运动的训练。在挑选攻手时,注意残障腿与扣球手成反向;在挑选二传手时,残障腿是右腿的运动员更适合。  相似文献   

对第一次世界大战时意大利中立问题的认识     

孙银钢  董大学 《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,(Z1)

第一次世界大战时,意大利发表中立宣言,中立选择有其深刻原因:战前意大利同其两个最为重要的劲敌法奥之间的关系发生根本性转变,意法关系由高度紧张走向缓和并趋于稳定,而意奥之间暂时冷却的深刻矛盾渐渐暴露出来,意奥关系至战前已相当紧张;焦利蒂时代的“平衡政策”是中立选择的依据。战时意大利政府决策的转变,新政府期望通过战争谋求强国身份和分享战争果实,将意大利带入其难以负担的世界大战。  相似文献   

RESEARCH SECTION: Examining the nature and perceived causes of indiscipline in Zimbabwean secondary schools     

Lawrence K. Ametepee  Morgan Chitiyo  Susan Abu 《British Journal of Special Education》2009,36(3):155-161

The problem of student indiscipline is an issue of concern for teachers and parents around the world. Teachers need to maintain student discipline and for them to do so it is important that they also understand the nature of discipline problems. This study, by Lawrence Kofi Ametepee, who is studying for a PhD in special education, Morgan Chitiyo, board certified behaviour analyst and Assistant Professor of Special Education, both at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA, and Susan Abu, who is currently a graduate student in the Department of Women's Studies at Texas Women's University, was designed to examine the nature and perceived causes of student indiscipline in Zimbabwean secondary schools. The authors anticipate that such an examination will promote teachers’, parents’ and policy makers’ understanding of student indiscipline, which will, in turn, enhance disciplinary policies and practices, making schools safer for all students and more effective in their role as educational and socialising agents.  相似文献   

人体惯性参数的实测生物力学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

纪仲秋  姜桂萍  郎雪梅 《北京体育大学学报》2001,24(3):329-331

人体惯性参数是进行生物力学分析、人类工程学等工作时均需要的人体基本参数。通过活体的实际测量 ,比较中国人体惯性参数和国外人体惯性参数所计算人体总重心位置的差异 ,经统计学数据处理来验证中国人体惯性参数的可靠性 ,研究表明 :中国人体惯性参数比国外人体惯性参数更加适应中国情况 ,应对中国人体惯性参数推广应用  相似文献   

Where is the technology-induced pedagogy? Snapshots from two multimedia EFL classrooms     

Ying Xue Zhong  & Hui Zhong Shen 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2002,33(1):39-52

This research examines two multimedia secondary EFL classrooms to identify what changes, pedagogical or otherwise, have taken place in technologically integrated classroom practice. The research analyses data generated from a range of sources: classroom observations, videotapes and teacher's lesson plans. It is argued that substantial pedagogical innovations will not come unless there is a perceived change in the understanding of the process of teaching and learning and philosophy of language. The research concludes that the traditional Chinese notion of teaching and the role of the teacher in the classroom need to be redefined to allow for a learner-centred multimedia language classroom to emerge.  相似文献