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Two property regimes for software development may be distinguished. Within corporations, on the one hand, a Private Regime obtains which excludes all outsiders from access to a firm's software assets. It is shown how the protective instruments of secrecy and both copyright and patent have been strengthened considerably during the last two decades. On the other, a Public Regime among hackers may be distinguished, initiated by individuals, organizations or firms, in which source code is freely exchanged. It is argued that copyright is put to novel use here: claiming their rights, authors write ‘open source licenses’ that allow public usage of the code, while at the same time regulating the inclusion of users. A ‘regulated commons’ is created. The analysis focuses successively on the most important open source licenses to emerge, the problem of possible incompatibility between them (especially as far as the dominant General Public License is concerned), and the fragmentation into several user communities that may result. 相似文献
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专利查新与高校专利管理探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章介绍了美国大学专利管理的经典模式——斯坦福大学的OTL模式,并对OTL模式的工作效率和工作流程作了简要介绍。同时与国内高校专利管理现状进行了对比,指出国内高校在专利管理上的不足,强调了发挥信息人员在专利管理中的作用的重要性。参考文献9。 相似文献
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MOOC在高校的快速发展,给高校图书馆带来了机遇和挑战,由于MOOC对于开放存取的要求更高,也就产生了很多版权许可问题,高校图书馆如何为老师提供相关的服务呢？文章介绍了杜克大学图书馆在开展MOOC版权许可服务方面的实践和创新,并对提供服务的效果进行总结,希望对国内图书馆开展MOOC版权服务提供借鉴。 相似文献
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We study the role of the relationship among inventors and intermediaries in the licensing of university inventions. We suggest that a prior inventor-intermediaries relationship positively influences licensing rates through selective retention of higher quality relationships and mutual learning in the relationship, enabling intermediaries to reduce both information asymmetry and search costs between inventors and potential licensees. We argue that the influence of a prior inventor-intermediaries relationship on licensing is especially important before intellectual property protection is attained and can be substituted by the buyer-side contacts of inventors and intermediaries. We test these predictions using 919 inventions from the technology transfer office at Stanford University. This study has implications for the policies and design of university technology licensing organizations. 相似文献
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Pin Li 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2008,24(1):59-63
The cooperation of Chinese and foreign magazine publishers started from 1981, featured by Computer World. However, the much more influential copyright cooperation should be the publication in Shanghai of ELLE in 1988 and the cooperation between Trends Publications and Hearst Corporation in 1998. In August 2005, working together
with China Pictorial Press, VOGUE published VOGUE China in China and this can be regarded as the most influential fashion magazine. The present situation of Chinese periodical market
shows that the main competition is between foreign and native capital. To some extent, the global publishers working with
Chinese publishers present several areas of concern, danger and risk. In the context of globalization, what we should do is
find the common points and how to integrate external business methods, not only chasing profit in a single way and only pursue
immediate capital gains. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe University of Northern Colorado (UNC) Libraries have experienced a surge in streaming video requests in the past few years. Like others, UNC’s Technical Services department has found new ways to manage procedures and workflows associated with this format. This session covered the experiences and strategies of the presenters for handling streaming video databases, licensed content ripped from DVD, firm orders, and multiyear streaming licenses. 相似文献
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Over the past 10 years, public criticism of student achievement has been accompanied by a multitude of educational reforms, most of which emphasized the importance of setting national standards for student achievement and for the level and quality of teaching. The demand for frameworks to assess the extent to which students and teachers met the requirements set down by the national standards, followed. One such group of examinations – licensing exams – is directed at beginning teachers to determine which of them will be certified to teach. Thus these examinations are a regulatory mechanism designed to shape the national teaching force. This paper addresses these examinations. It consists of three sections. The first section includes information about licensing exams in many countries, licensing requirements, and whether or not the exams are actually in use. The second section of the paper presents arguments for and against licensing exams and in the third section the author presents her position on the issues addressed. 相似文献
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As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research. 相似文献
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专利池在我国正处于发展阶段,有必要加快完善有利于专利池共享平台建设的法律制度环境。通过对专利池的内涵与法律性质分析,运用法律激励理论对我国现行规制专利池的法律制度中的不足进行研究,提出在肯定专利池鼓励竞争与创新、提升质量的正向价值基础上,我国现行法律也应该进行适时调整,扩大专利池激励对象、激励范围与改变激励路径,进一步完善对专利池法律规制的具体规则,为科学发展和技术进步提供更加优良的法制环境。 相似文献