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1.
黄精属5种植物的核型研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 本文报道了安徽省黄精属Polygonatum Mill.5种植物的染色体数目和核型。玉竹P. odoratum (Mill.)Druce黄山材料2n=16=10m(3sc)+6sm,滁县琅琊山材料2n=18=10m(1sc) +2sm+6st(2sc),二者均属2B核型. 长梗黄精P.filipes Mirr. 黄山材料2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st,属3B核型,安徽繁昌材料2n=14=10m+4sm和2n=16=8m +4sm+4st,二者均属2B核型。多花黄精(P.cyrtonema Hua)安徽黄山材料2n=20=8m+6sm+6st和2n=22=6m+8sm +4st+4t,二者均属3B核型,安徽滁县琅琊山材料2n=18=8m(2sc)+6sm+4st,属2B核型。长苞黄精(P.desoulayi kom.) 2n=22=10m(2sc)+6sm(1sc)+6st,属3B核型;轮叶黄精(P.verticillatum(L.)All.)2n=18=2m+2sm+10st+2t+2T和2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T,二者均属3B核型。其中玉竹2n=16,长梗黄精2n=14和2n=22,长苞黄精2n=22,轮叶黄精2n=18的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。  相似文献   

2.
百合科六属十五种植物的细胞学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对云南西北部百合科6属15种的染色体和核型进行了报道。 (1)Clintonia udensis Trautv.et Mey间期核属于浓密分散型,前期染色体属于渐变型,分裂中期体细胞染色体2n=14=8m+4sm+2st(2SAT),核型不对称性属于2A型;(2)鹿药属四个种间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Smilacina henryi(Baker)Wang et Tang,2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t(2SAT),  核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n=36=14m(2SAT)+12sm+10st(2SAT),  核型不对称性属于2B型;  Smilacina tatsienensis(Franch.)Wang et Tang,  2n=36=22m+2sm+2st(2SAT),  核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina atropurpurea(Franch.)Wang et Tang,2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT)+12st,核型不对称性属于2C型;(3)黄精属四个种的间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hesml.,2n=30=12m(2SAT) +6sm+lst+2t,  核型不对称性属于2C型;  Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Wall.)  Royal,2n=30=10m+4sm+12st+4t,  3C型;  Polygonatum  curvistylum  Hua,  2n=78=24m(2SAT)+14sm(6SAT)+40st,  核型不对称性属于3C  型;  Polygonatum  cathcartii  Baker,2n=32=12m+6sm+10st+2t+2bs,核型不对称性属于2C型;(4)百合属,假百合属,豹子花属三个属的间期核和前期染色体形态相似,都属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体 细胞染色体分别为Lilium  henricii Franch,2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+10st+10t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Lilium bakerianum Coll.et  Hesml.var.  rubrum  Stearn,    2n=24=4m  (2SAT)+10st+10t(2SAT),核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis bilouensis Liang 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+12st+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis pardanthina Franch.,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis sauluensis Balf, f.,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+10st(2SAT)+10t,核型不对称性属于3B型;Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+14st(2SAT)+6t,核型不对称性属于3A型。  相似文献   

3.
葱属粗根组5种材料的核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 本文分析了葱属Allium粗根组Sect.Bromatorrhiza Ekberg五群材料的核型。多星韭Allium   wallichii Kunth有两个类型:第一类型是二倍体,染色体组公式为AA,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=   14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm,属2A型;第二类型是同源四倍体,染色体组公式为AAAA,  核型公   式为K(2n)=4X=28=2m(SAT)+6m十20sm,属2A型。宽叶韭Allium hookeri Thwaites有   三个类型:  第一类型是双基数同源异源三倍体,染色体组公式为AAB1,核型公式为  K(2n)=2X+   x'=22=(12sm+2t)十(1m十45m+1st+2t),  属3A型;  第二类型也是双基数同源异源三倍   体,能配对的两个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型大体相似,不能配对的一个染色体组染色体   大小和形态与第一类型有明显区别,其中至少有两条染色体发生了罗伯逊易位,出现一条很大的染色体    和一条很小的染色体,染色体组公式为AAB2,核型公式为K(2n)=2x+x'=22=(12sm+2t)+   (3m+1sm十2st+2t),属3A型;第三类型相当于第一类型染色体的自然加倍,是双基数同源异源   六倍体,染色体组公式为AAAAB1B1,核型公式为K(2n)=4X十2x'=44=(24sm+4t)十(2m+   8sm十2st+4t),属3A型。  相似文献   

4.
本文研究了四川黄精属Polygonatum 8个种的染色体数目和结构,玉竹n=10,   2n=20=4st十6sm十10m;  多花黄精2n=20=6sm十14m;  点花黄精n=16,2n=   32=2t十8st+2sm十20m;滇黄精n=13,2n=26=8st (2SAT)+14sm+4m;互卷黄   精2n=32=6st+8sm+18m (2SAT);  湖北黄精n=15,  2n=30=2t+6st十6sm+   16m(2SAT);黄精2n=24=2t十14st(2SAT)+6sm十2m;卷叶黄精n=28,2n=56=   18st+10sm十28m。     黄精属植物染色体数目和结构的变异类型多样,8种黄精的核型可以区分为3种类型:2   B、3B、2C。核型不对称性的加强与染色体数目的递增有相关性。本文就染色体方面的资料对  前人关于该属分类群的亲缘关系的论述进行了讨论。  相似文献   

5.
对11个四倍体赖草属Leymus Hochst.物种的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下:沙生赖草L. arenarius (L.) Hochst., 2n=4x=28=18m+4sm+6st (4sat); 密穗赖草L. condensatus (J. Presl) A. Lve, 2n=4x=28=22m+4sm (2sat)+2st (2sat); 新生赖草L. innovatus (Beal) Pilg., 2n=4x=28=24m (4sat) +4sm (2sat);多枝赖草L. multicau  相似文献   

6.
本文首次报道了中国特有异叶苣苔属的染色体数目及核型。该属所研究种类的染色体数目均为   2n=18,染色体长度在2.0µm以上,在尖舌苣苔族所报道的染色体中显示出较原始的性状。尖舌苣苔   族的染色体基数可能是x=9。异叶苣苔属的间期核均为复杂型;前期染色体呈渐变型。核型从对称型   向不对称型的演化主要表现在近中部着丝粒,尤其是近端部着丝粒染色体比例的增大。毕节异叶苣苔   W.bljieensis和峨眉异叶苣苔W.tsiangiana var.wilsonii的核型分别为2n=2m+8m+8sm(1sat)和   2n=2m+8m(1sat)+8sm(2sat),较为对称。紫红异叶苣苔W.purpurascens和白花异叶苣苔W.   tsiangiana var. tsiangiana的核型分别为2n=4m+6sm+8st(1sat)和2n=4m+8sm(2sat)+6st,比较   特化。河口异叶苣苔W.hekouensis的核型是2n=4m+10sm(1sat)+4st,处于二者之间。峨眉异叶苣   苔和原变种白花异叶苣苔的核型差异较大,在外部形态方面二者之间的性状变异也间断较大。本文建  议将该变种从白花异叶苣苔W.tsiangiana中移出自成一种,并和毕节异叶苣苔近缘。  相似文献   

7.
 本文报道了当归属Angelica及3个近缘小属12种植物的核型,其中10种为首次报道。带岭当归A.dailingensis 2n=22=20m+2sm(SAT);丽江当属A.likiangensis 2n=22=18m+4sm; 青海当归A.nitida 2n=22=14m+4sm+4sm(SAT);林当归A.silvestris 2n=22=16m+4sm(SAT)+2st(SAT);紫花前胡A.decursiva 2n=22=16m+4sm+2sm(SAT);秦岭当归A.tsinlingensis 2n=22=18m+4sm; 阿坝当归A.apaensis 2n=22=14m+6sm+2st(SAT);隆萼当归A.oncosepala2n=4x=44=28m+12sm+4st,三小叶当归A.ternata 2n=22=10m+8sm(SAT)+4st(SAT);柳叶芹Czernaevialaevigata 2n=22=14m+6sm+2sm(SAT);短茎古当归Archangelica brevicaulis 2n=22=8m+2m(SAT)+4sm+4sm(SAT)+4st;高山芹Coelopleurum saxatile 2n=28=12m+6sm+10st。除带岭当归核型为1A型和高山芹为2B型外,其余种类均为2A型。根据染色体长度比和平均臂比绘制了本次和我们过去已报道的当归属及近缘属23种植物的核型散点图。据核型类型和近端着丝点的有无,把当归属20个种的核型分3组。并结合外部形态、花粉类型和地理分布,探讨了各近缘属的系统演化关系。  相似文献   

8.
本文首次报道四川八种当归属植物的染色体数目和核型。染色体基数x=11,除青海当归为四倍 体植物外,其余种类均为二倍体植物。金山当归  2n=22=20m+2sm;城口当归 2n=22=18m+2smsat+2sm;疏叶当归在不同地区有2种核型:2n=22=18m+4sm和 2n=22=16m+6sm;四川当归2n=22=16m+2smsat+4sm;茂汶当归2n=22=16m+6sm;青海当归 2n=4x=44=36m+8sm;当归2n= 22=14m+8sm;峨眉当归2n=22=10m+2sm+10st。除金山当归和 疏叶当归的部分居群核型为1A型外,其余种类均为2A型。根据核型的不对称性程度和外部形态分析 了各种类的演化水平,结合四川当归属植物的种类及地理分布,提出四川可能是当归属植物的原始中心和演化中心之一。  相似文献   

9.
 本文对国产葱属根茎组的8种植物进行了染色体研究,发现染色体数目2n=16或32,核型属2A 或2B型,对称性较高。其染色体数目和核型分别为:Allium leucocephalum 2n(2x)=16=12m+2sm +2st(2SAT); A,strictum 2n(4x)=32=16m+4sm+12st;A.ramosum 2n(2x)=16=14m+2st (2SAT); A.bidentatum 2n(4x)=32=24m+4sm+4T;A.tenuissimum 2n(2x)=16=10m+4sm+ 2st(2SAT),A.anisopodium 2n(2x)=16=12m+2sm+2st(2SAT);A.anisopodium var.zimmermanni anum 2n(4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st(4SAT); A.condensatum 2n(2x)=16=14m+2st(2SAT)。多数种的染色体资料为国内首次报道。  相似文献   

10.
孔药花属(鸭跖草科)的核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 本文首次对鸭跖草科孔药花属Porandra Hong进行染色体研究。孔药花P.ramosa Hong和攀缘孔药花P.scandens Hong在染色体的大小、数目和形态上都十分相似,核型公式为2n=36=4m+26sm+6st(2sat),核型类型属于3B。染色体证据支持孔药花属与穿鞘花属Amischotolype和Coleotrype属相近的观点。  相似文献   

11.
通过对国产阿魏属(Ferula)16个种的化学分析,发现其中13个种含黄酮体成分, 包括槲皮素、山奈酚和芹菜素的糖甙,以槲皮素成分最普遍。这些成分多为伞形科植物所常 见,与对山芹属的研究结果较接近。未发现黄酮体的三个种,即新疆阿魏、阜康阿魏和托里阿 魏,均为具有强烈臭味的药用植物。本属近前胡亚属的国产种类常为分布于半湿润山坡的高 大草本,所含黄酮体以槲皮素糖甙为主,而分布于干旱生境的种所含化合物较复杂,除槲皮素外,还含有芹菜素和山奈酚成分。本文还根据黄酮体成分对部分种的系统位置作了讨论。  相似文献   

12.
The present paper deals with a comparative karyotypic study of three species in Fri- tillaria-F. thuncergii Miq., F. anhuiensis S.  . Chen et S. F. Yin and F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia.  The karyotype of F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin is first reported.       The karyotypes of the three species of Fritillaria are rather similar, all with K(2n)=24= 2m+2sm+12t+4st+4m (SAT), showing a close interspecific relationship.  They all have two pairs of st chromosomes, one of which is the third chromosome in all the three species studied, but the other is the seventh in F. thunbergii Miq, the eighth in F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, and the fifth in F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia.  It tells us that there are some differences in their karyotypes.  All of the three species possess two pairs of satellite chromosomes with the satellites located on the long arms. A heterochromatic zone is found sometimes on long arms of No. IX chromosome in each species of Fritillaria and on one of No. I chromosomes in both F. thun- bergii Miq. and F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, a chromosome polymorphism occurring between populations of Fritillaria. In addition, three B chromosomes are always found in most root-tip cells of F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsiao.  相似文献   

13.
本文报道了采自湖北省的藁本属Ligusticum L.植物(伞形科Umbelliferae)1新变种,命名为 水藁本L.sinense var.hupehense.细胞学研究结果表明,新变种为二倍体植物,其核型公式为 2n=22=14m+8sm。本文提供了体细胞染色体全员照片,染色体参数及染色体模式图,还提供了水藁本与藁本L. sinense Oliv.的臂比曲线(Arm ratio curve,ARC)图解比较。  相似文献   

14.
四川宝兴地区几种豆科植物的染色体   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 Meiosis and/or mitosis of six species  of  Fabaceae  (Leguminosae)  from Baoxing County,  Sichuan,  China,  were investigated.  The voucher specimens are con- served in PE. Eight pairs (n=8) and 10 chiasmata in meiosis of pollen mother cells have been observed in Medicago lupulina L. (Pl. 1,  A-C).  Meiotic observation on pollen mother cells in Lotus tenuis W. et K. shows 6 bivalents (n=6) in MI and 9 chias- mata in diakinesis (Pl. 1,  D-E).  In this species 12 somatic chromosomes (2n=12) in anther wall cells have also been observed. The chromosomal formula may be expressed as 2n=12=8m+2sm+2smSAT (Pl. 1,  F-G). In pollen mother cells of Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.,  7 bivalents in MI and 7 chromosomes in A II have been observed (Pl. 2, A-B). From A II (Pl. 2,  B,  the inset on the right) the chromosomal formula,  n=7= 2m+2sm+lstSAT+2t,  may be constructed. Only three chromosomes in this karyotype may be found to have counterparts in the one reported by Srivastava (1963),  which shows striking differences between these two karyotypes.  Meiotic MI shows 7 pairs (n=7) in Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray. Vicia sativa L. is very variable in its chromosomes. Our observation shows 6 pairs (n=6) in MI and in diakinesis in pollen mother cells. In Vicia villosa Roth,  all the previous chromosome reports are 2n=14 or n=7,  but the result of our work shows that somatic chromosomes are 2n=12 in anther wall cells  (Pl. 3,  D,  E). The karyotype in our material (Pl. 3,  E) is that the longest pair of chro- mosomes are metacentric, the pairs 2-4 are terminal, 5 are metacentric and last pair are submetacentric,  differing vastly from the idiogram (Pl. 3,  F) presented by Yama- moto (1973). Therefore both the chromosome number and structure in our material are greatly different from those in all the previous reports.      The evolutionary trends of chromosomes in the genus Vicia is discussed in the work.  Srivastava (1963) holds that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the genus is 6 and thus both 5 and 7 are derived.  The present author would propose ano- ther possibility that 7 is the original basic number and the other numbers are derived ones.  First,  as shown in Table 1,  x=7 occurs in 47 per cent of species in the genus, but 6 only in 28 per cent.  Secondly,  x=7 is predominant in the perennial and primitive section Cracca.  Thirdly,  in genera related to the genus under consideration,  such as Lens,  Pisum and Lathyrus,  x=7 is also the predominant basic number.  Fourthly,  ac- cording to Raven (1975) 7 is the primitive basic number in the angiosperms and x= 7,  8 and 9 are the predominant in the angiosperms.  相似文献   

15.
新种R.shuichengensis L,Liao有两种核型类型,即基本型2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+10st(2SAT);杂合型2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+9st(1SAT)+1t(1SAT),其核型和近缘种R.trigonus Hand.- Mazz.核型相似,但其随体染色体短臂比后者更小而不同。新变种R.silerifolius var.dolicanthus L. Liao核型(2n=2x=16=4m+2sm+10st(2SAT)与原变种Var.silerifolius不同。根据形态和染色体的特征,我们认为本文中两个新分类群和R.Trigonus是国产毛茛组中x=8至x=7的过渡类群。  相似文献   

16.
本文对睡莲科6属6种代表植物的核型进行了研究,并探讨了它的分类学位置。结果如下:莲2n=16=9sm+4m+3st;王莲2n=24=8sm+8m+8T,蓝睡莲2n=28,可配成14对,染色体小,第l号染色体上有2条随体;萍蓬草2n=34=18m+16sm;芡实2n=58,可配成29对,染色体小,第l号染色体有2条随体,莼菜2n=72,可配成36对,染色体按大小可分成大,中、小三个类别。除莲外,其它5种植物的核型为首次报道。莼菜的体细胞染色体数目2n=72和国外报道的2n=80不相一致。莲的染色体以及形态学特征和其它睡莲科分类群显著不同,可将其从睡莲科中独立出来,并成立莲科和莲目。原归属于睡莲科的分类群仍组成睡莲目,并分别置于莼菜科和睡莲科。  相似文献   

17.
东北地区小麦族11种植物的核型报道   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对中国东北地区小麦族11种植物的核型进行了研究。  结果如下:冰草2n=4x=28=20m  +8sm;偃麦草2n=6x=42=34m(2SAT)+8sm;短芒大麦草2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(4SAT);吉林  鹅观草2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(4SAT);大芒鹅观草2n=4x=28=20m(2SAT)+8sm(2SAT);老芒  麦2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(4SAT);  披碱草2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(6SAT);  肥披碱草  2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(6SAT);羊草2n=4x=28=20m(4SAT)+8sm;纤毛鹅观草2n=4x=28= 22m(2SAT)+6sm(2SAT);鹅观草2n=6x=42=30m+12sm(4SAT);其中前5种的核型为首次报道。  相似文献   

18.
本文对安徽南部贝母属的5种植物的核型进行了研究,结果如下:祁门贝母Fritillaria qimenensis D C.Zhang et J.Z.Shao:2n=24+4Bs=3m+lsm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)+4Bs。铜陵黄花贝母F.monantha Miq.var.tonglingensis S.C.Chen et S.F.Yin本文报道2个细胞型,细胞型I:2n=24+5Bs=4m+8st (2sc)+12t(2sc)+5Bs;细胞型II:2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)。窄叶小贝母F.xiaobeimu Y.K. Yang,J.Z.Shao et M.M.Fang:2n=24=2m+2sm+10st(4sc)+lot。宁国贝母F.ningguoensis S.C. Chen et S.F.Yin:2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t。浙贝母F.thunbergii Mig.:2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)。除浙贝母外,其余均是近年发表的新种或新变种,其染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。  相似文献   

19.
The  present paper embodies the results of a karyotypic analysis for the species Lycoris rosea Traub et Moldenke.  The voucher specimen, J. Z. Lin 004 is pre- served in the Herbarium of Hanchow Botanical Garden. The chromosome number in root tip cells is found for the first time to be 22, and the karyotype is shown to be an asymme- trical one with rod-shaped chromosomes. A photomicrograph, the karyotype and the idiog- ram are shown in Figs. 1-2. According to Levan et aL.[5], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=22=22t. But based on the classification presented by Bose and Flory[1], the karyotype formula should be expressed as 2n=22 =C22, and the chromosomes are all with subterminal constrictions.       If regarding 11 as the basic number and centric fusion as the major tendency of karyo- type evolution as proposed by Inariyama[2], Stebbins[6], and Jones[3,4] in particular, L. rosea would be considered as one of the most primitive species in Lycoris from point of view of karyotype evolution. Reciprocal translocations and centric fusions would give rise to V-sha- ped chromosomes. Consequently, the successive decrease in chromosome number may have taken place in the speciation of the genus under discussion. Yet further evidence seems ne-cessary for the verification of the speculation.  相似文献   

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