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1.
以苯酚作为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养液对从绝缘材料厂排放的活性污泥进行驯化,从中分离筛选到1株苯酚降解菌,编号为JY04.采用正交实验设计方法优化了该菌株固定化条件,并且考察了该固定化细胞降解苯酚的最适条件.结果表明:在固定化条件为海藻酸钠(SA)浓度为5%,湿菌重/包埋剂为6/30,CaCl2浓度为3%时,固定化时间为8 h,降解率可达82.6%,并具有较好的机械强度.确定其对苯酚降解最适条件为pH 7.0,苯酚浓度为400 mg/L,温度32℃,接种量为25 g,培养时间42 h,其苯酚的降解率可达97.3%.该菌株固定化细胞的降解苯酚能力和耐受苯酚能力均大于游离细胞.固定化菌株对苯酚有较强的降解和耐受能力,是处理苯酚废水的良好菌种资源. 相似文献
2.
以测定的抑菌圈直径大小判定拮抗细菌的拮抗性能,并通过单因素及正交试验对拮抗细菌发酵培养基组分及发酵条件进行设计与优化.结果表明,最优化发酵培养基组成为淀粉3 g/L,蛋白胨12 g/L,氯化钙3 g/L,利用最佳发酵培养基进行条件为初始pH 8.0,接种量8%,装液量75 mL/250 mL,发酵时间24 h的发酵,此拮抗细菌的拮抗性能最佳,抑菌圈直径达2.6 cm左右.该研究为进一步提高拮抗细菌拮抗性能提供一定参考数据,同时也为拮抗细菌更好地应用提供必要的理论依据. 相似文献
3.
Lan-he Zhang Xiu-li Meng Ying Wang Li-dan Liu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(8):595-601
In the industrial operation of biotrickling filters for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal, shock loads or starvation was common due to process variations or equipment malfunctions. In this study, effects
of starvation and shock loads on the performance of biotrickling filters for H2S removal were investigated. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the changes of biomass and viable bacteria numbers
in the biotrickling filters during a 24-d starvation. Compared to biomass, viable bacteria numbers decreased significantly
during the starvation, especially when airflow was maintained in the absence of spray liquid. During the subsequent re-acclimation,
all the bioreactors could resume high removal efficiencies within 4 d regardless of the previous starvation conditions. The
results show that the re-acclimation time, in the case of biotrickling filters for H2S removal, is mainly controlled by viable H2S oxidizing bacteria numbers. On the other hand, the biotrickling filters can protect against shock loads in inlet fluctuating
H2S concentration after resuming normal operation. When the biotrickling filters were supplied with H2S at an input of lower than 1700 mg/m3, their removal efficiencies were nearly 98% regardless of previous H2S input.
Project supported by the Foundation for Society Development of Jilin Province (No. 20080412-1), the Education Research Foundation
for Science and Technology Development of Jilin Province, and the Foundation for Doctor Research in Northeast Dianli University
of Jilin Province (No. BSJXM-200710), China 相似文献
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5.
通过实验研究，在Air气速、pH值条件下用自制的载银催化来降解水溶液中的甲基橙，得出如下结论：（1）在本实验条件下，Ag/TiO2催化剂对甲基橙没有明显的吸附作用。（2）甲基橙的降解速率随气速的增大而增大，反映在本实验中就是溶液中甲基橙的浓度不断地降低，但当气速增大到一定值时，溶液中甲基橙的浓度反而增高，这说明气速有一最佳值4L／min。（3）pH值对甲基橙的降解也有一定的影响，实验表明在pH=2的条件下，载银催化剂对甲基橙的降解效果最好。 相似文献
6.
吴永军 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2011,(5):5-9,17
通过对溶液还原糖浓度以及粘度的测定研究了纤维素酶对壳聚糖的降解作用,探讨了酶解过程中温度、pH值以及反应时间对纤维素酶降解壳聚糖的影响,对降解前后壳聚糖的结构进行了表征并对其水溶性进行了测试。结果表明：纤维素酶降解壳聚糖的最佳pH值为4.5,温度为50℃。随着反应时间的延长,壳聚糖溶液的黏度逐渐降低;随着壳聚糖分子量的降低,水溶性增强,其化学结构没有改变。 相似文献
7.
以（NH4）2SO4为唯一氮源,经富集培养、平板涂布分离及平板划线纯化、摇瓶复筛等方法,从当地养殖池水体中分离、筛选氨氮降解菌。根据形态学、生理生化特征分析,对其进行归属鉴定,并研究其降解特性。通过对初步鉴定归属为沙雷氏菌属（Serratia．sp）,命名为N-2的氨氮降解菌降解特性的研究,得到其最适降解条件：N-2利用（NH4）：S04作唯一氮源时,最适碳源为蔗糖,降解温度为32—37℃,pH为7．0。在最适条件下,当NH4＋-N初始质量浓度为50mg／L时,该菌培养至72h氨氮降解率可达97．4％。结果表明,该菌为高效氨氮降解菌,这种土著微生物在修复富营养化水体方面有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
A self-made anaerobic bio-filter bed which was inoculated with special sludge showed high efficiency in removing hexavalent chromium. When pump flow was 47 ml/min and CODCr of wastewater was about 140 mg/L, it took 4 h to decrease the Cr^6 concentrations from about 60 mg/L to under 0.5 mg/L, compared with 14 h without carbon source addition. Cr^6 concentrations ranged from 64.66 mg/L to 75.53 mg/L, the system efficiency was excellent. When Cr^6 concentration reached 95.47 rag/L, the treatment time was prolonged to 7.5 h. Compared with the contrast system, the system with trace metals showed clear superiority in that the Cr^6 removal rate increased by 21.26%. Some analyses also showed that hexavalent chromium could probably be bio-reduced to trivalent chromium, and that as a result, the chrome hydroxide sediment was formed on the surface of microorganisms. 相似文献
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厌氧颗粒污泥同时反硝化与产甲烷的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章通过向严格厌氧系统中投加硝酸盐后,系统对基质的降解情况来考察厌氧颗粒污泥的同时反硝化与产甲烷的可行性。试验结果表明,向厌氧颗粒污泥系统中投加硝酸盐后,反硝化优先进行,当反硝化完成后,产甲烷过程开始。在反硝化过程中,硝酸盐迅速被还原,有亚硝酸盐累积现象出现。向纯厌氧颗粒污泥系统中投加少量的好氧活性污泥后,反硝化速度加快,亚硝酸盐累积强度减弱。 相似文献
11.
微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
果蔬菜等农产品有机磷农药残留越来越严重,利用微生物降解有机磷农药,在改善环境和人们生活质量方面已显得经济而有效。本文就降解有机磷农药的微生物种类,降解机制及编码降解酶的相应基因,以及工程菌的构建作了综述。 相似文献
12.
阿维拉霉素（卑霉素）是由绿色产色链霉菌（Streptomyces viridocbromogene,sv）发酵得到的寡糖类抗生素。本文研究了碳源,主要是葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉对阿维拉霉素产量的影响。葡萄糖是SV快速利用的碳源,研究发现大于20g/L的初始葡萄糖浓度强烈抑制阿维拉霉素的积累,可溶性淀粉是促进产物积累的有效碳源,但高于40g/L的初始可溶性淀粉浓度影响其转化率。在此基础上,设计碳源补加工艺,提高了阿维拉霉素的产量,其中以可溶性淀粉为基础碳源,培养过程中补加葡萄糖,培养240小时,阿维拉霉素的产量达到1926μg／ml。 相似文献
13.
采用富集微囊藻毒素的黑色大头鲢鱼为样品,对微囊藻毒素（microcystin-RR-,-LR）的提取、纯化和HPLC检测方法进行研究.实验建立了固相萃取（SPE）结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析水产品中痕量微囊藻毒素的方法,利用二极管阵列检测器在238nm进行检测.其中,微囊藻毒素的提取溶剂分别为5%乙酸、75%甲醇和正丁醇-甲醇-水溶液（1∶4∶15）,80%甲醇为洗脱溶剂.HPLC检测中的流动相为含微量三氟乙酸的55%甲醇溶液.研究结果表明,MC-RR的回收率为84.1%,MC-LR的回收率为89.9%.该法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、方法稳定的特点,适用于快速分析环境产品中的两种常见微囊藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR. 相似文献
14.
水生植物床去除富营养化水源水中藻毒素的机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为净化富营养化水源水中的藻毒素,在太湖湖滨进行了水生植物床(AVB)技术试验.该技术对MC-RR和MC-LR的平均去除率分别达63.0%和66.7%.用酶联免疫吸附法检测发现水生植物根部对藻毒素的富集能力大于茎叶部位.用荧光原位杂交法在AVB的底泥中检测到2种已知的藻毒素降解细菌,证明微生物降解作用的存在.植物根系原生动物相和后生动物相丰富,盾纤虫、钟虫、旋轮虫、腔轮虫是优势种,原生动物和后生动物的捕食作用在蓝藻和藻毒素的去除中发挥着积极作用. 相似文献
15.
采用营养液栽培模式比较了几种营养液配方在无土栽培西葫芦过程中营养液性质的变化,结果表明:在栽培过程中营养液的性质有较大变化.无土栽培西葫芦各处理营养液的pH值在一日内均表现出明显的上升趋势,由pH6.5上升至pH7.2以上;营养液的溶解氧显著降低,一日内迅速由6mg/L降至4mg/L以下;营养液的EC值在一个营养周期内表现出明显的降低趋势.营养液的EC值与营养液中NO3-N、P、K的含量呈极显著直线正相关. 相似文献
16.
INOUE Yasushi MIZOGUCHI Takuya SIMIZU Yohei YOSHIDA Naoko KATAYAMA Arata 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2012,18(6):441-449
In order to design and predict the dechlorination processes for remediating the halogenated aromatic compounds in the biobarrier system applied in situ,an anaerobic continuous-flow column was set up with the introduction of an enriched 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(TCP) reductive dechlorinating consortium.The fates of TCP and its metabolites were simulated according to the first-order sequential dechlorination kinetic model.The enriched TCP anaerobic dechlorinating consortium dechlorinated 100 μmol/L TCP to 4-chlorophenol(4-CP) via 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP) in 10 d.The consortium was predominated with the phylum of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,based on the PCRdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analysis.After the consortium was applied to the column,the experimental data in the steady state were fitted by the least square method,and the first-order dechlorination kinetic constants from TCP to 2,4-DCP,from 2,4-DCP to 4-CP and from 4-CP to phenol,were 1.58 d-1,2.23 d-1 and 0.206 d-1,respectively.According to the fitting results,the required biobarrier width for the complete remediation of TCP,2,4DCP and 4-CP were 126 cm,130 cm and 689 cm,respectively.The dechlorination/degradation of 4-CP must be increased when the technology is applied to the real site. 相似文献
17.
Performance of biological phosphorus removal and characteristics of microbial community in the oxic-settling-anaerobic process by FISH analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian-fang Wang Qing-liang Zhao Wen-biao Jin Shi-jie You Jin-na Zhang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(7):1004-1010
Performance of biological phosphorus removal in the oxic-settling-anaerobic （OSA） process was investigated. Cell staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） were used to analyze characteristics and microbial community of sludge. Experimental results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency was near 60% and the amount of biological phosphorus accumulation in aerobic sludge of the OSA system was up to 26.9 mg/g. Biological phosphorus removal efficiency was partially inhibited by carbon sources in the continuous OSA system. Contrasted to the OSA system, biological phosphorus removal efficiency was enhanced by 14% and the average total phosphorus （TP） contents of aerobic sludge were increased by 0.36 mg/g when sufficient carbon sources were supplied in batch experiments. Staining methods indicated that about 35% of microorganisms had typical characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs）. FISH analysis demonstrated that PAOMIX-binding bacteria were predominant microbial communities in the OSA system, which accounted for around 28% of total bacteria. 相似文献
18.
Xiang Hu Dominika Sobotka Krzysztof Czerwionka Qi Zhou Li Xie Jacek Makinia 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(4):305-316
The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS·h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO2-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher denitrification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite). 相似文献
19.
重金属铅对小麦叶绿素合成的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对完全营养液培养的小麦幼苗进行不同浓度的重金属铅处理,并研究了处理5d后小麦生长及叶片中叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:小麦幼苗在高于500mg/L的铅胁迫下,出现叶片失绿症。随着铅处理浓度的增加,小麦叶绿素合成呈现先促进后抑制的趋势。在铅浓度较低(≤200mg/L)时,叶绿素含量随处理浓度的上升而递增,但当铅浓度高于300mg/L时,叶绿素含量随处理浓度的上升而递减。对叶绿素a/b值而言,随铅处理浓度的上升呈有规律的持续下降。 相似文献