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治理网络视角下新兴技术治理困境和消解因素------来自中国转基因作物治理的经验 《科学学研究》2018,36(11):2019-2029
新兴技术治理无法回避的是如何应对新兴技术的不确定性,而既定的精英决策模式不仅难以应对新兴技术不确定性带来的社会问题,而且制定的新兴技术政策受到了广泛社会公众的强烈质疑和争议。网络制度下,通过多元行动者协商和互动制定的新兴技术政策消减新兴技术不确定性成为新兴技术治理的关键。研究将治理网络理论作为一个经验工具来分析中国转基因作物治理应对不确定性的政策博弈过程,研究结果表明政府、市场、社会公众之间经过协商和互动的治理行动是应对新兴技术不确定性的消解因素。研究启示是新兴技术政策制定需要社会价值前置,是过程导向治理的体现,也是社会公众权利的回归。 相似文献
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采用案例研究方法对锐捷网络公司技术创新及企业能力形成的演化过程进行深入考察和分析,对企业能力推动下的新兴技术演化及新兴技术演化作用下的企业能力演化路径分别进行了探讨.研究表明,环境洞察能力、变革更新能力、组织柔性能力和技术柔性能力等动态能力能够有效地推动新兴技术演化.但新兴技术的演化最终影响的是企业共享价值观、战略管理能力、顾客能力和技术能力等静态能力,而非动态能力;动态能力是通过对静态能力进行重构和整合而对企业核心竞争力起作用的.结合案例对我国企业如何发展企业能力以有效管理新兴技术提出建议. 相似文献
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论文基于企业资源观,构建了由探索性创新与应用性创新、资源柔性与协调柔性、环境不确定性构成的理论研究框架,深入探讨战略柔性对不同模式创新的作用机理,以及环境不确定性在其中的调节作用。通过404家中国企业的数据分析发现,资源柔性对探索性创新具有促进作用,而对应用性创新具有抑制作用;协调柔性能够同时促进探索性创新和应用性创新;环境不确定性正向调节战略柔性与探索性创新之间的作用。研究结果明确了战略柔性对不同创新模式的影响,丰富了企业创新影响因素的理论研究,有助于企业通过提高资源柔性或协调柔性的手段,实现对探索性创新和应用性创新的最优配置,以应对环境不确定性并保持持续竞争优势。 相似文献
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介绍了新兴技术的概念,并从历史、技术、商业、应用等角度阐述了其特征,从竞争态势的改变和技术不确定性两个方面提出了新兴技术给企业管理带来的挑战,最后从组织、市场、战略等方面为新兴技术企业如何应对这些挑战提出了建议。 相似文献
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运用环境决定论和高层梯队理论的观点,基于"环境—行为—绩效"研究范式,以制度支持和人力资源实践柔性为调节变量,构建了环境不确定性通过任务导向型战略领导行为的中介作用影响组织绩效的理论模型。经问卷调查和实证检验,结果表明:环境不确定性正向影响组织绩效,任务导向型战略领导行为在两者之间起到部分中介作用;环境不确定性和任务导向型战略领导行为之间关系受制度支持的正向调节,任务导向型战略领导行为和组织绩效之间关系受人力资源实践柔性的正向调节。 相似文献
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环境不确定性是企业财务柔性存在的前提,而财务柔性是主动适应和有效处理环境不确定性的必然选择.本文在对环境不确定性和财务柔性度量的基础上,设计了财务柔性与环境不确定性的匹配度模型,提出在环境不确定性情况下,要对企业的财务柔性实施动态管理. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献