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1.
本文继续报道了薯蓣属(Dioscorea L.)块茎类5个组(sect． Combilium Pr．et Burk.，Sect. Lasiophyton Pr． et Burk.， Sect. Opsophyton Uline， Sect． Shannicorea Pr. et Burk.， Sect. Enantiophyllum Uline)23个种和变种的染色体数，并对一些分类群进行了讨论。它们都是基数为10的多倍体，是本属进化的类型。 根据染色体数的演化和二倍体种类的地理分布，我们推论我国横断山脉地区可能是薯蓣属的起源中心。 相似文献
2.
本文报道了我国黑龙江产桔梗科沙参属的10种1变种的染色体数目和核型，对其中
7种作了减数分裂行为的观察。 其中6种1变种为首次报道，并发现2n=68的4x种。该
属染色体基数多为17(x＝17)，但Adenophora trachelioides和A．remotiflora的基数为18
(x=18)，为该属独特基数。核型的共同特征是：小型，以中部(m)、近中部(sm)着丝点
染色体为主，至少具一对近端着丝点染色体和一对随体染色体。该属染色体的演化处于二种
水平： 数目变化(包括多倍化和非整倍体变化)和结构变异。 多倍化是该属物种形成的主要
途径之一。结合其它性状讨论了这些种的分类，并确立1个四倍体新种(A. amurica)和1个新组合(A．pereskiifolia ssp．alternifolia)。 相似文献
3.
本文根据我国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L．)根状茎组(Sect. Stenophora Uline)的外部形态特征、细胞染色体数、花粉形态、植物化学成分、地理分布等的规律，证明根状茎组是该属中的一个比较原始的自然类群：1．具横走的多年生地下根状茎，其它组是一年生或多年生的块茎；2．大部分是2倍体，其它组是多倍体；3．花粉粒单沟型，外壁纹饰网纹或颗粒条纹，其它组为双沟型，外壁纹饰网纹；4．含甾体皂甙元(steroidal sapogenin)，其它组不含。
我们的研究观察证明，N．N．TepaCNMeHKO根据R.Knuth系统(1924)提出的薯蓣皂甙元在该属中无分布规律的说法是无充分依据的。
本文讨论了某些组或种的划分及系统位置：取消sect.Illigerestrum Prain et Burk.；将马 肠薯蓣(D．simulans Prain et Burk．)改属根状茎组；触丝薯蓣(D．tentaculigera Prain et Burk.)应列入顶生翅组 (Sect．shannicorea Prain et Burk．)， 并提出了盾叶薯蓣 (D. zingiberensis Wright)和穿龙薯蓣(D．nipponica Makino)种的划分和定名的意见。 相似文献
4.
葱属粗根组5种材料的核型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了葱属Allium粗根组Sect．Bromatorrhiza Ekberg五群材料的核型。多星韭Allium
wallichii Kunth有两个类型：第一类型是二倍体，染色体组公式为AA，核型公式为K(2n)=2X=
14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm，属2A型；第二类型是同源四倍体，染色体组公式为AAAA, 核型公
式为K(2n)＝4X＝28＝2m(SAT)+6m十20sm,属2A型。宽叶韭Allium hookeri Thwaites有
三个类型： 第一类型是双基数同源异源三倍体，染色体组公式为AAB1,核型公式为 K(2n)＝2X+
x'＝22＝(12sm+2t)十(1m十45m+1st+2t)， 属3A型； 第二类型也是双基数同源异源三倍
体，能配对的两个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型大体相似，不能配对的一个染色体组染色体
大小和形态与第一类型有明显区别，其中至少有两条染色体发生了罗伯逊易位，出现一条很大的染色体
和一条很小的染色体，染色体组公式为AAB2，核型公式为K(2n)=2x+x'＝22=(12sm+2t)+
(3m+1sm十2st+2t)，属3A型；第三类型相当于第一类型染色体的自然加倍，是双基数同源异源
六倍体，染色体组公式为AAAAB1B1，核型公式为K(2n)=4X十2x'＝44＝(24sm+4t)十(2m+
8sm十2st+4t)，属3A型。 相似文献
5.
杨亲二 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2001,39(5):405-422
研究了国产毛茛属Ranunculus L.11种及其4个近缘属——美花草属Callianthemum C．A．Meyer、
侧金盏花属Adonis L．、碱毛茛属Halerpestes E．Greene、水毛茛属Batrachium S．F．Gray 5种植物的染色体
数目和形态。发现美花草C.pimpinelloides(D．Don)Hook．f.et Thoms.、川滇毛茛R．potaninii Kom．、深
齿毛茛R．popovii var．stracheyanus(Maxim．)W．T. Wang、高原毛茛R．tanguticus(Maxim．)Ovcz．、石龙
芮R．sceleratus L．、西南毛茛R．ficariifolius Lévl．et Vant．、褐鞘毛茛R．sinovaginatus W．T. Wang、三裂碱毛茛H．tricuspis(Maxim．)Hand．-Mazz．和碱毛茛H．sarmentosa (Adams) Kom．9种植物为染色体基数x
＝8的四倍体(2n=4x＝32)；短柱侧金盏花A．brevistyla Franch．、丝叶毛茛R．nematolobus Hand.-Mazz．、
棱喙毛茛R．trigonus Hand．-Mazz．、茴茴蒜R．chinensis Bunge 4种植物为染色体基数x＝8的二倍体(2n＝
2x＝16)；毛茛B．japonicus Thunb．、黄毛茛R．laetus Wall．2种植物为染色体基数x=7的二倍体(2n＝2x
＝14)；水毛茛R．bungei (Steud．) L. Liou 有二倍体(2n＝2x=16)和三倍体(2n＝3x=24)两种细胞型。根 据染色体资料，讨论了上述5属的属间关系和毛茛属中一些种的种间关系。 相似文献
6.
报道了国产14种苋属植物的染色体数目。部分种的染色体数目为2n=34，即反枝苋Amaranthus
retroflexus，刺苋A．spinosus，红苋A．cruentus，腋花苋A．roxburghianus，合被苋A．polygonoides，皱果苋A．
viridis，凹头苋A．lividus，苋A．tricolor。其他种的染色体数目为2n=32，即尾穗苋A．caudatus，绿穗苋A．
hybridus，千穗谷A．hypochendriacus，繁穗苋A．paniculatus，北美苋A．blitoides，白苋A．albus。其中腋花
苋的染色体数目为首次报道。该属染色体基数为x=16，17。两种染色体基数在苋属2个组(sect．Ama-
ranthus和sect．Blitopsis)中均存在。由于苋属植物染色体大多为小型染色体，因此对苋属植物目前尚不 能进行详尽的核型分析。 相似文献
7.
本文报道了江西毛茛属5个种的染色体数目及核型，其中猫爪草Ranuncunlus ternatus Thunb．(2n=4x=32；2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st)，肉根毛茛R．Polii Franch．(2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st)和杨子毛茛R. sieboldii Miq.(2n=8x-1=63=15m+18sm+22st+8t)的染色体核型为首次报道。我们认为：(1)R. ternatus Thunb．和R. polii Franch．的核型十分相似，显示出有较近的关系。(2)毛茛属Ranunculus L. 中存在较多的多倍体复合体。(3)根据王文采(1980)系统划分的美丽毛莨组(Sect．Auricomus)植物的核型属2A型；石龙芮组(Sect．Hecatonia)植物的核型属2B型；毛茛组(Sect．Ranunculus)植物核型为3A或3B型。三个组在核型上的关系和形态上的关系相似。 相似文献
8.
傅德志 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(4):249-264
本文对人字果属Dichocarpum W．T．Wang et Hsiao．的形态、花粉和染色体等性
状，以及地理分布进行了系统研究。确认了该属在毛茛科Ranunculaceae中的地位，并认为可
能与星果草属Asteropyrum Drumm．et Hutch．关系较密切, 证实了该属内存在三沟和散沟两
种花粉类型。该属的染色体基数可能为x=6，产于东亚大陆的种为4倍体，日本的种为6倍
体，原始的2倍体种已灭绝。中国西部山地可能为该属的分布中心，日本的种可能是在第三纪由中国大陆迁移过去的。本文按该属内各种之间可能的亲缘关系，作出了系统排列。 相似文献
9.
本文首次报道和分析了阿魏属Ferula L.分布区东缘3个种的染色体数目和核型。 太行阿魏F.
licentiana Hand.-Mazz．的核型公式为2n=22=14m+2sm+6st(2sat)，铜山阿魏F．licentianc
Hand．-Mazz．var．tunshanica(Su)Shan et Q．X．Liu的核型公式为2n=22=14m+8st(2sat)，
硬阿魏F．bungeana Kitag．的核型公式为2n=22=12m+6sm+2st。 它们的核型都属2A型．在此基
础上从染色体角度进一步论证了铜山阿魏作为太行阿魏的变种和硬阿魏从近前胡亚属 Subgen.
Peucedanoides(Boiss.)Korov．中分出的合理性．根据已有资料，提出该属的染色体基数为X=11,
基本核型公式为2n=22=14m+4sm+4st。 本属核型对称性偏高，核型变异性偏小，与该属的自然性和稳
定性以及该属的分类地位的合理性和可靠性相吻合。 本文还分析了国产阿魏属内各种类的核型，进化程度，并对它们进行了细胞分类处理，对于出现与经典分类不一致的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
本文对蓝钟花属Cyananthus及整个狭义的桔梗科Campanulaceae(s．str.)的花粉、
染色体和形态性状作了深入的系统研究，表明蓝钟花属是该科的最原始类群，它的亲缘属有党
参属Codonopsis和细钟花属Leptocodon。 对蓝钟花属中各个种及它的亲缘属的地理分布分
析，揭示了该属是典型的中国-喜马拉雅区系的成分，横断山地区是该属的频度和多样性中心；
认为中国西南部及其邻近地区至少是桔梗科原始属的保留中心，甚至可能是该科的起源中心。
作者最后对蓝钟花属各个种的性状作了生物统计分析，在此基础上对全属进行了全面的分类
修订，把原有的26个种9个变种归并为19种(包括2亚种)；对该属的次级分类也作了修订。
首次报道了该属的染色体数目和细钟花属的花粉形态。 相似文献
11.
伞形科植物染色体数目报告 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chromosome numbers are reported for 26 species and varieties of Umbelliferae
which belong to 3 subfamilies and 19 genera in this paper. Of these, 13 counts are
new records and some problems about chromosome numbers of Umbelliferae are simplydiscussed. 相似文献
12.
伞形科植物染色体数目报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In the present paper, chromosome numbers are reported for 33 species
and varieties of Chinese Umbelliferae which belong to 17 genera in the subfamily Api-
oideae. Chromosome number of each species is shown in Table I. Eighteen countings
are newly reported. Chromatin bridges and fragments were observed at anaphase I in
some materials. It is suggested that the fertility reduction in some species is due to
the chromosome aberrations. 相似文献
13.
The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi-
nese flora. According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of spermatophytes
endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora.
Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%).
These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli-
ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and
Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species. All the other families each comprises one genus with a
single species.
The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest
perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next
(29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It
shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one
in essence.
According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi-
zang flora may be grouped as fallows.
Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%)
Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%)
Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%)
Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)
The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en-
vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and
climatic influence for a long time. The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse
ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of
these endemic genera in this region.
The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring
in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro-
vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the
regions mentioned above.
The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between
the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau. The vertical distribution of the genera is
also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000
m to 4500 mm. Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical
environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.
The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum,
Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.
Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in-
cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum. It may be a comparatively advanced group
in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum which is distributed in western
Asia. The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary relic in this
region.
Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family
Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known. As the
other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis-
tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary
relic.
Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge-
nus Leontopodium. It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.
We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China. 相似文献
14.
朗楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):356-371
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一，共有91属，363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属，其中1属为本地区所特有；155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析，并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍，概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。 相似文献
15.
中国裸子植物分布区的研究(1)——松科植物的地理分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应俊生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(1):27-38
松科是裸子植物中最大的科，共有10属，约240种。我国有9属，约119种，其中2属
为我国特有属，67种为特有种。 本文概述了我国松科各属的水平分布和垂直分布规律；对各
属分布区进行了对比分析。除油杉属和松属外，其余各属的分布，既不深入到极为干旱的地
区，也不深入到热带山区。本文提出川西滇北地区是松科大部分属的发展中心，同时讨论了某
些属的分布区的退却变化。本文还认为，在目前该科化石资料不十分充足的条件下，要确定松 科及其各属的起源中心，可能性是不大的。 相似文献
16.
中国种子植物特有属的数量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王荷生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(4):241-258
Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s
flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be-
ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera. These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong
to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo-
sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant. The tropical type
containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type
with 23 families and 50 genera. There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin-
kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae. It shows that genera
endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.
The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin-
ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China. Phylo-
genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive. The life forms of all ende-
mic genera are also diverse. Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor-
tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.
Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and
the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn
as follows:
Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en-
demic to China and may be their original or differentiation area, because numerous
endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces. The second is
Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera. Others form a declining order, south
China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de-
crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.
The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu
probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces. But between any
other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro-
vinces than between two north provinces.
These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate,
and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence
for a long time. 相似文献
17.
本文对我国种子植物特有属作了初步研究，提出如下几点粗浅的看法：
1．根据我国各特有属的现代地理分布格局，大部分特有属具有明显的温带性特点。
2．我国特有属在水平分布上具有极不均匀的特点。各特有属的广布程度都很低，生态特
化现象十分明显。在垂直分布上，则主要分布于中海拔地区。特有属数目并不随海拔增高而
增多。
3．根据特有属分布的密集程度和分布区边界的密集交叠情况，划定了三个特有属分布中 心，即川东—鄂西中心, 滇东南—桂西中心和川西—滇西北中心。前二中心可能是残遗中心，后一中心则可能为分化中心。 相似文献
18.
湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古 和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。 相似文献
19.
郎楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(3):254-265
Situated in western part of Sichuan Province, 29°30'N, 103°20'E, the sacred Mt.
Emei is one of the well-known large mountains in China. Its summit is about 3100 m ab-
ove sea level with a relative height of 2550 m.
The orchid flora in Mt. Emei so far known comprises 47 genera and 109 species,
among which 21 are epiphytes, 83 terrestrials and 5 saprophytes (Table 1.)
1. The vertical distribution of the orchid flora in the mountain.
The epiphytic orchids are concentrated in the lower region below Hongchunping
and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.), where there are 20 species, which make over 95% of epiphytic
species; the upper limit for the epiphytic orchids is Jiulaodong and Chudian ( 1800 m alt.).
The terrestrial orchids also mainly occur at the lower region below Jiulaodong and Chudian (1800 m alt.), where there are 54 species, most of which are found at even lower part of the mountain, below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.). The tropicas orchids in the mountain, such as Cleisostoma, Vanda, Holcoglossum, Tropiclia, Thunia, Mischobulbum, Ludisia, Anoectochilus, Odontochilus, etc. all grow only at the lower part of the mountain below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.).
2. The floristic features of the orchid flora in the Mt. Emei.
(1) The orchid flora in the mountain so far known comprises 47 genera (over 2/3
of the total orchid genera in Sichuan) and 109 species (over 1/3 of the total orchid species in Sichuan). The Mt. Emei is very rich in orchid species, as compared with neighbouring
mountains of same magnitude, such as Mt. Shennonjia in western Hubei, Qin Ling in sou-
thern Shaanxi, Jinfo Shan in south-eastern Sichuan, and Erlang Shan in western Sichuan.
(2) The orchids in the mountain are complex in floristic components as indicated
below:
1) Twenty seven species, belonging to 18 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East-Asian region.
2) Twenty three species, belonging to 15 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. Among them 13 species occur only in Japan and eastern China with the mountain ar the westernmost limit, but the other species extend westwards as far as Kangding and ErLang Shan or Baoxing in Sichuan Province.
3) Forty two species, belonging to 22 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himala-yan Subregion, with 5 species having their range extending from the Himalayan region
eastwards to Mt. Emei.
4) Some tropical genera (8 species), belonging to Indo-Malaysian floristic elements, have the mountain as their northern limit of distribution.
The orchid flora of the Mt. Emei contains not only the East-Asian elements, but also some Indo-Malaysian elements, though its composition is mainly of the temperate and subtropical Eastern Asian (Sino-Japanese) ones.
(3) The orchid flora in the mountain is characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation.
There are nine species-pairs (belong to genera Calanthe, Platanthera, Dendrobium etc.) of the vertical vicarism and six species-pairs (belonging to genera Tropidia, Aneoctochilus, Mischobulbum, Gymnadenia Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism in the Mt.
Emei.
Remarkable differentiation of orchid flora in the Mt. Emei is shown in the abundance of endemic elements and as clear geographical vicariation.
(4) There are 8 endemic species and one variety of orchids in the Mt. Emei, more
abundant than in Xizang. The floristic features of the orchid flora of the Mt. Emei are rich in species, compara tively complex in components, rather prolific in endemic species, and characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation. The orchid flora in the Mt. Emei mainly consists of the subtropical and temperate East-Asian elements, with a considerable proportion of tropical elements though. 相似文献