共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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首先,基于企业科学家与大学科学家之间的论文合作关系和专利合作关系分别建立科学家合作发表网络与合作发明网络,然后将二者整合组成科学家RD合作网络,代表了完整的产学科学知识转移网络。其次,对桥接科学家在科学家RD合作网络形成过程中的作用及其网络节点特征进行分析,揭示其跨界联系人的角色。再次,通过网络结构对比分析,发现整合了合作发明关系后产学科学知识转移网络的结构凝聚性和连通性大幅提高。最后,总结桥接科学家在产学科学知识转移过程中联系产业界与科学界、识别有价值科学知识,改善产学科学知识转移网络结构和提高产学科学知识转移效率的作用。 相似文献
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《中国科技论坛》2020,(5)
科学知识是企业技术开发与创新的基石,科学合作是企业获取科学知识的重要途径。企业展开合作的目的并非是将科学知识转移到企业内部,而是将科学知识转化为可应用的技术成果。桥接科学家是企业跨越科学与技术"死亡之谷"的桥梁,帮助企业调和科学与技术的矛盾。本文基于生物医学工程行业论文数据研究科学合作网络,得到以下结论:企业外部科学知识获取广度负向影响企业技术创新绩效,外部科学知识获取非冗余度正向影响企业技术创新绩效;但外部科学知识获取非冗余度削弱了科学知识获取广度对企业技术创新绩效的负向影响;企业拥有的桥接科学家越多,外部科学知识获取广度与技术创新绩效的负向关联越弱,外部知识获取非冗余度与技术创新绩效的正向关联越强。 相似文献
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利用QAP回归方法分析了网络嵌入性(包括关系嵌入性和结构嵌入性)对企业选择合作技术创新伙伴的影响。Cantner(2006)认为德国耶拿地区企业间科学家流动后产生的个人关系和企业间以往的合作经验都会对企业选择合作技术创新伙伴产生重要影响。本研究采用我国西安高新区企业的调研数据对此进行了分析,利用了网络嵌入性理论中的概念,将Cantner研究中的前一因素称为结构嵌入性(负责专利发明的科学家、工程师等作为第三方中介人),后一因素称为关系嵌入性(指企业间以往的合作经验)。研究结果表明:在我国西安高新区企业中,关系嵌入性对企业选择合作技术创新伙伴的影响并不明显,而结构嵌入性对企业选择合作技术创新伙伴的影响较大。 相似文献
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科学合作网络伙伴动态性与企业创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(5):906-914
通过2000-2015年间中国502家生物医学工程企业的9233篇合著论文数据构建科学合作网络,并在国家知识产权局网站获取其在2001-2016年间申请的共16754条发明专利数据,我们实证分析了科学合作网络关系资本对企业技术创新绩效的影响,并进一步探究企业合作伙伴动态性的中介作用。结果显示：科学合作网络中的关系广度和关系强度均显著正向影响技术创新绩效;科学合作网络关系广度有助于提升企业合作伙伴扩展性,关系强度则对企业合作伙伴稳定性有正向作用;合作伙伴稳定性和扩展性在科学合作网络关系广度和强度对企业技术创新绩效影响之间均起到完全中介作用。 相似文献
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组织合作网络结构对企业绩效的影响有两类相反的作用机制：网络闭合和网络开放。论文认为,哪种机制起作用取决于企业所面临的创新任务以及知识来源在网络中的位置。基于汤森路透、USPTO和Compustat三个数据库,论文构建1990-2001年生物技术和医药产业追踪数据,采用社会网络分析方法、固定效应和随机效应模型对此问题进行实证研究。结果发现,战略联盟网络密度增加和结构洞指标增加会负向影响企业技术创新数量,正向影响企业技术创新质量;网络结构调节着直接联盟关系和间接联盟关系对企业技术创新的影响。 相似文献
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科学合作网络知识多样性与企业技术创新绩效 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):867-875
科学合作在科学知识生产中扮演着重要角色,而科学研究所产生的科学知识对于企业技术创新至关重要。运用2000-2017年新能源汽车产业相关学科在web of science刊载的32715家中国组织参与的合作论文585348篇,构建组织间科学合作网络139090个（个体网）。同时从德温特数据库下载了1893家中国组织在新能源汽车产业申请的专利16112条,将参与了科学合作（合作论文）与产生了技术创新绩效（专利申请）的组织进行匹配,最终聚焦于174家企业,利用面板数据,实证分析我国新能源汽车产业科学合作网络关系如何影响企业技术创新绩效。研究发现,企业在网络中的关系广度与关系强度均能正向影响企业技术创新绩效,关系强度比关系广度对企业技术创新绩效的影响更直接;知识多样性（学科多样性和技术多元化）中介于网络关系对企业技术创新绩效的影响,学科多样性中介于关系强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响,而关系广度则通过技术多元化影响企业技术创新绩效;研究还发现,企业进行学科多样性和技术多元化均有利于其提升技术创新绩效。 相似文献
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《科研管理》2016,(Z1)
本研究以化学领域高被引科学家论文为研究对象,采用科学计量学、因子地图分析、社会网络分析等方法对高被引科学家论文合作关系进行研究,探寻高被引科学家科研合作规律,研究发现化学领域科学家论文核心作者网络中存在多种形式的合作团体。高被引科学家参与的机构、国家间科学论文合作逐年增加,尤其是国家合作已成为现今科学论文合作的主流趋势。科学家论文学科合作网络以生物化学与材料学为基础,随着科学的发展,高被引科学家的学科合作网络也随之变化。具体体现在原有学科的分化、新兴学科的崛起、学科交叉的增加以及其他领域学科的介入,这些规律将为我国化学科技战略管理决策和拔尖创新人才培养提供参考依据。 相似文献
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社会资本对科学家科研绩效的影响研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):288-296
本文从结构维、认知维和关系维出发,研究科研合作网络中的社会资本对科学家科研绩效的影响。我们从web of science上收集了化学领域26.74万篇论文,基于这些论文作者合作数据构建了科学家合作网络,并从上述三个方面对其中的社会资本进行了测度。研究结果显示,认知维社会资本和关系维社会资本在一定程度上对科研绩效具有显著的促进作用,而结构维社会资本对科研人员的科研绩效具有显著的非线性关系。本文为建立积极有效的科研合作网络,高效利用合作网络中的社会资本为科学家更好地开展科研活动提供了一定借鉴。 相似文献
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基于社会网络的结构视角和认知视角,本文首先提出关于企业研发人员RD(research and development)合作网络如何影响科学知识应用过程的概念模型和研究假设。其次,采用中国有机精细化学行业代表性企业ISIP公司的专利和论文数据,本文通过整合企业研发人员合作发表网络和合作发明网络建立研发人员RD合作网络,并基于负二项回归模型对研究假设进行实证检验。最后,本文实证结果表明,企业研发人员的科学研究对其技术创新绩效的正向影响(主效应关系)并不稳健;其跨越结构洞的网络位置对主效应关系没有显著影响;企业研发人员的GATEKEEPER角色则对主效应关系具有显著的正向调节作用;企业研发人员的BROKER角色和COORDINATOR角色对主效应关系均没有显著影响。 相似文献
10.
基于社会网络理论及社会认知理论,论文构建了企业网络关系、管理者环境认知与企业环境技术创新行为关系模型,根据219家中国资源型企业问卷调查数据,运行结构方程模型进行实证分析。研究表明：企业网络关系显著正向影响企业管理者环境认知,企业管理者环境认知显著正向影响企业环境技术创新行为,企业管理者环境认知在企业网络关系对企业环境技术创新行为影响中起部分中介作用。研究成果揭示了企业环境技术创新行为的社会嵌入性及自主性,可以丰富企业环境技术创新以及政策理论。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103799
Interdisciplinary research (IDR) has raised increasing expectations among scholars and policymakers about its potential to produce ground-breaking scientific contributions and satisfy societal demands. While existing research highlights that novel connections across fields is beneficial for scientific contributions with high academic impact, comparatively less is known about whether IDR is positively associated to scientists’ engagement with non-academic actors. To investigate this, we examine whether there is a systematic relationship between scientists’ IDR-orientation and their interactions with industry. We conceptually distinguish four stylized modes of interaction (firm creation, technology transfer, co-production and response modes) and employ three distinct indicators of IDR. We use data on 1,170 scientists affiliated to public research organizations in Spain, bibliometric dataset of scientists’ publications, and details of scientists’ past involvement in interactions with industry. Our results show that IDR has a transversal influence on all four modes. However, IDR-oriented scientists are more strongly associated to transactional (market-mediated) compared to relational (personal-based) interaction mechanisms; while we find no evidence of a significant difference between IDR-oriented scientists and their propensity to engage in different modes of U-I interaction according to the degree of goal specificity. 相似文献
12.
创新是高技术企业竞争优势的来源.在高技术产业集群中,各主体间的创新活动已经发展成为网络的方式.对创新网络进行了分析,重点关注于创新网络中由集群企业与本地或外地的大学共同构建的U-I关系.分析认为,非正式网络关系是U-I关系的重要表现形式;集群企业的知识基础将影响U-I关系的构建;U-I关系是有价值的.最后,选择丹阳高性... 相似文献
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Elisa Giuliani Andrea Morrison Carlo Pietrobelli Roberta Rabellotti 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):748-761
Research on University-industry (U-I) linkages and their determinants has increased significantly in the past few years. However, there is still controversy on the key factors explaining the formation of U-I linkages, and especially related to individual researcher characteristics. This paper provides new empirical evidence and, in particular, looks at the importance of researchers’ individual characteristics and their institutional environments in explaining the propensity to engage in different types of U-I linkages. Based on an original dataset, we present new evidence on three wine producing areas - Piedmont, a region of Italy, Chile and South Africa - that have successfully responded to recent structural changes in the industry worldwide. Empirical findings reveal that researchers’ individual characteristics, such as centrality in the academic system, age and sex, matter more than publishing records or formal degrees. Institutional specificities at country level also play a role in shaping the propensity of researchers to engage with industry. 相似文献
14.
This article aimed to identify the effect of university-industry (U-I) collaborations on the innovative performance of firms operating in the advanced materials field, and by doing so, it proposed an original classification of the research organization partners. The main contribution resides in the estimation of the role played by collaborations with differently experienced scientists. In contrast with previous studies, whose empirical setting was the life science industry, in the advanced materials industry the most effective collaborations are not with “Star scientists”, but with “Pasteur scientists”. The latter concept was empirically tested first by the authors of this article, to deepen the present understanding of industrial heterogeneity in innovation processes and to offer new insights for the formulation of corporate innovation strategies. The results of the estimation of a negative binomial regression model applied to a sample of 455 firms active in the photocatalysis in Japan confirm the idea that engaging in research collaborations, measured as co-invention, with “Pasteur scientists” increases firms’ R&D productivity, measured as number of registered patents. In contrast, we found that firms’ collaborations with “Star scientists” exert little impact on their innovative output. 相似文献
15.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104630
Regional scientific integration is a critical pathway for the development of an integrated African research area and knowledge-based society. On the African continent, progress in scientific production and integration has remained limited, mostly led by a global or international agenda, and bound to a few top publishing nations. The high-level policy commitments and the accumulated policies and strategies developed and pursued under the various intertwined sub-regional economic groupings have, to date, only diversely contributed to policy alignment and coordination in the area of science, technology, and innovation (STI) across Africa. In this context, this paper provides a first and hence original assessment of the role of region-specific factors in shaping scientific collaboration on the continent. For this purpose, our study builds upon the proximity approach to analyse the determinants of scientific collaboration between African countries, using co-publications data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database as a proxy of such collaboration. Our results suggest that the majority of African regional economic communities (RECs) have not yet had a significant effect on scientific co-publication. Nevertheless, some important region-specific factors do seem to be at play, such as a shared ethnical language, membership in the African and Malagasy Council for Higher Education (CAMES), and the presence of a common European partner as a third partner in co-publication. Existing policies aimed at the development of an Africa-wide research area should aim to leverage existing and emerging regional excellence networks and novel coordination models to accelerate the process of scientific integration in Africa. 相似文献
16.
We examine the incident known as “Climategate” in which emails and other documents relating to climate scientists and their work were illegitimately accessed and posted to the Internet. The contents of the files prompted questions about the credibility of climate science and the legitimacy of some of the climate scientists’ practices. Multiple investigations unfolded to repair the boundary that had been breached. While exonerating the scientists of wrongdoing and endorsing the legitimacy of the consensus opinion, the investigating committees suggested revisions to some scientific practices. Despite this boundary repair work, the credibility and legitimacy of the scientific enterprise were not fully restored in the eyes of several stakeholders. We explore why this is the case, identify boundary bridging approaches to address these issues, and highlight policy implications. 相似文献
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18.
Why space matters in technological innovation systems—Mapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies on technological innovation systems (TISs) often set spatial boundaries at the national level and treat supranational levels as a geographically undifferentiated and freely accessible global technological opportunity set. This article criticizes this conceptualization and proposes instead to analyze relevant actors, networks and processes in TIS from a relational perspective on space. It develops an analytical framework which allows investigating innovation processes (or ‘functions’) of a TIS at and across different spatial scales. Based on social network analysis of a co-publication dataset from membrane bioreactor technology, we illustrate how the spatial characteristics of collaborations in knowledge creation vary greatly over relatively short periods of time. This finding suggests that TIS studies should be more reflexive on system boundary setting both regarding the identification and analysis of core processes as well as in the formulation of policy advice. 相似文献
19.
基于2010-2015年中国企业与大学在科学知识生产方面的跨区域论文合作数据,本文以地级行政单位为分析单元在构建中国跨区域“产-学”科学合作网络的基础上,探究了“产-学”知识生产网络结构对区域创新的影响。在实证分析中,本文运用面板数据、采用负二项回归模型对研究假设进行检验。为了确认研究结果的可靠性,本文还进行了一系列的稳健性检验。研究结果表明,在区域创新网络中的亲近中心性和集聚特征越明显,相应区域的创新绩效越突出;而结构洞与城市中心度对区域创新的作用不明显。此外,区域创新网络结构对区域绩效的影响因区域经济、社会与制度发展程度的不同而有所差异。最后,本文对研究结果的相应政策意涵进行了讨论。 相似文献