An analysis of the reach and effectiveness of distance learning in India during school closures due to COVID-19     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2021

In India, more than 276 million children and youth were out of school for extended periods since March 2020 due to school closures in response to COVID-19. A key challenge has been how to measure the impact of responses to continuity of learning both to ensure more effective responses in the event of further disruptions, but also to help the education community conceptualize more creative and effective approaches to learning, through blended and flexible approaches. This study reflects on the findings from a UNICEF survey targeting parents and adolescents across 6 states in India, and identifies lessons learned for addressing learning inequities during future school closures. We focus on measuring three key variables – access to technology, their utilization, and perceived learning for different profiles of children. As students began learning from home, technology access rates in households were initially used to determine the estimated maximum reach of different distance learning modalities during school closures. Beyond access, we find significant variations in adolescents’ use of technology for learning purposes and their perceptions of learning, linked to the type of remote learning modality, gender, location and type of school. We discuss the implications for government strategies and policies to ensure better utilization of technologies which are available in households and to address equity gaps in learning opportunities.  相似文献   

COVID-19, digital privacy,and the social limits on data-focused public health responses     

《International Journal of Information Management》2020

The implementation of digital contact tracing applications around the world to help reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the most ambitious uses of massive-scale citizen data ever attempted. There is major divergence among nations, however, between a “privacy-first” approach which protects citizens’ data at the cost of extremely limited access for public health authorities and researchers, and a “data-first” approach which stores large amounts of data which, while of immeasurable value to epidemiologists and other researchers, may significantly intrude upon citizens’ privacy. The lack of a consensus on privacy protection in the contact tracing process creates risks of non-compliance or deliberate obfuscation from citizens who fear revealing private aspects of their lives – a factor greatly exacerbated by recent major scandals over online privacy and the illicit use of citizens’ digital information, which have heightened public consciousness of these issues and created significant new challenges for any collection of large-scale public data. While digital contact tracing for COVID-19 remains in its infancy, the lack of consensus around best practices for its implementation and for reassuring citizens of the protection of their privacy may already have impeded its capacity to contribute to the pandemic response.  相似文献   

困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响     

钟秉枢  黄志剑  王凯  车冰清  宋昱  刘旭东  张晴  钞蕤 《体育学研究》2020,(2):9-33,40

2019-2020年之交,我国暴发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(下文简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)。新冠肺炎疫情给国家各项事业的正常运行带来了严峻挑战,为打赢这场新冠肺炎疫情攻坚战,全国科技工作者纷纷从各自不同的领域为疫情防控贡献着自己的力量。体育事业作为国民事业的重要组成部分,如何积极应对新冠肺炎疫情给各项体育事业带来的冲击,深刻思考新冠肺炎疫情背景下各项体育事业的发展路径,是体育事业健康发展的必然诉求,也是体育科技工作的应然使命。学者当以天下苍生为己任,为国家出谋,为社会担当,为人民谋福。体育学术期刊亦须做好学术担当,肩负起应有的使命与责任,传播体育科技工作者针对此次疫情所开展的社会服务和智慧贡献,探究体育事业逆疫发展之道。为此,《体育学研究》编辑部从开展征稿活动的50余篇来稿中,聚焦群众体育、竞技体育和体育产业等领域,对钟秉枢、黄志剑、王凯、车冰清、宋昱等体育专家及青年学者的观点和思考进行集成,形成了《困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响》一文。以期为疫情的科学防控和推动体育事业健康发展提供理论和实践参考。  相似文献   

Locked-down digital work     

《International Journal of Information Management》2020

Covid-19 and the related lockdown in many countries made digital work no longer just an option, but the new norm for many office workers who began to make sense of a new range of benefits of digital work tools. Based on my own observations and on observations shared by executives in New Zealand and Europe, I illustrate in this article how the lockdown acted as a facilitator for digital work. Further, I show how the lockdown gave many individuals a flawed impression of digital work, i.e. their experience occurred during exceptional circumstances and led them to draw false conclusions about digital work. I examine some misconceptions of locked-down digital work and discuss the implications of locked-down digital work for research and practice.  相似文献   

自然法理论在18—19世纪的失落     

雷恒军 《陕西理工学院学报(社会科学版)》2008,26(2):13-17

自然法理论在18—19世纪的失落主要体现在三个方面：一是卢梭、黑格尔、休谟和边沁等人对自然法推理论证体系的否定;二是奥斯丁和萨维尼等人对自然法法律理论的否定;三是休谟和孔德等人对自然法理性哲学观的否定。在近代思想家批判自然法理论的过程中,不仅在近代资产阶级革命中发挥了巨大影响的自然法政治理论几乎被全盘否定,甚至连自然法观念本身也被一起抛弃了。  相似文献   

突发公共事件下的大学生心理问题分析与对策——基于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的视角     

杨萍利 《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2021,(2):41-44

自2019年12月31日湖北省武汉市卫健委首次通报当地新型冠状病毒肺炎病例以来,新冠病患一度遍布中国各个省份及多个国家,病毒的传播速度超乎人们预期。全球疫情升级是灾难,是对人类健康和生命安全的一大考验,更是对人们心理的一次历练。基于此,各地高校应抓住这一契机,分析大学生所表现出的复杂心理活动和行为方式,提出积极的教育对策,引导提升大学生在突发公共事件下的心理健康水平。  相似文献   

CRISPR/Cas: a Nobel Prize award-winning precise genome editing technology for gene therapy and crop improvement     

Li  Chao  Brant  Eleanor  Budak  Hikmet  Zhang  Baohong 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(4):253-284

Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral immunity in the early 2010 s,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) has rapidly been developed into a robust, multifunctional genome editing tool with many uses. Following the discovery of the initial CRISPR/Cas-based system, the technology has been advanced to facilitate a multitude of different functions. These include development as a base editor, prime editor, epigenetic editor, and CRISPR interference(CRISPRi) and CRISPR activator(CRISPRa) gene regulators. It can also be used for chromatin and RNA targeting and imaging. Its applications have proved revolutionary across numerous biological fields, especially in biomedical and agricultural improvement. As a diagnostic tool, CRISPR has been developed to aid the detection and screening of both human and plant diseases, and has even been applied during the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. CRISPR/Cas is also being trialed as a new form of gene therapy for treating various human diseases, including cancers, and has aided drug development. In terms of agricultural breeding, precise targeting of biological pathways via CRISPR/Cas has been key to regulating molecular biosynthesis and allowing modification of proteins, starch, oil, and other functional components for crop improvement. Adding to this, CRISPR/Cas has been shown capable of significantly enhancing both plant tolerance to environmental stresses and overall crop yield via the targeting of various agronomically important gene regulators. Looking to the future, increasing the efficiency and precision of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and limiting off-target activity are two major challenges for wider application of the technology. This review provides an in-depth overview of current CRISPR development, including the advantages and disadvantages of the technology,recent applications, and future considerations.  相似文献   

Is remote near-peer anatomy teaching an effective teaching strategy? Lessons learned from the transition to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic     

Mitchell L. Thom  Blair A. Kimble  Kelli Qua  Susanne Wish-Baratz 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):552-561

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, medical educators have transformed pre-clerkship anatomy curricula into online formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and student perceptions of an online near-peer anatomy curriculum. The classes of 2022 and 2023 completed identical foundational anatomy curricula in-person, whereas the class of 2024 completed an adapted curriculum for remote online learning. Quantitative and qualitative responses were used to compare attitudes between instructional methods. Assessment scores and evaluation survey responses were collected from the classes of 2022 (n = 185), 2023 (n = 184), and 2024 (n = 183). Mean assessment scores (±SD) for the classes of 2022, 2023, and 2024 were 93.64% (±5.86), 93.75% (±4.09), and 92.04% (±4.83), respectively. Post hoc group comparisons showed the class of 2024 scored significantly lower than the two previous classes [2022: (H(1) = 18.58, P < 0.001), 2023: (H(1) = 18.65, P < 0.001)]. Mean survey results concerning curriculum quality were 4.06/5.00 for the class of 2023 and 3.57/5.0 for the class of 2024 (t(365) = 2.67, P = 0.008). Considering a small effect size (η² = 0.034), there was no meaningful difference in student assessment scores. A potential drawback of online near-peer anatomy teaching remains in student perceptions of course quality; qualitative feedback suggested technological limitations and perceptions of online course instructors were partly responsible for lower student satisfaction. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, medical educators should incorporate the lessons learned from this unique educational inflection point to improve curricula moving forward.  相似文献   

新冠肺炎疫情背景下儿童青少年积极发展的理论探析     

刘玉娟 《中国特殊教育》2021,(2)

新冠肺炎疫情的持续蔓延为儿童青少年的发展带来了风险。积极心理学强调人类自身的潜能、美德、积极情绪等对个体发展的意义,通过使用预防性心理保健帮助个体适应环境,儿童青少年获得积极发展后,能对个人、家庭、社区及人类社会做出积极的贡献,并大大降低出现问题行为和罹患精神疾病的风险,与儿童青少年在常态化疫情防控下的发展需求相契合。本文通过对儿童青少年积极发展这一概念的探讨,提出为应对疫情常态化,应注重复原力和社会参与意识及行为的培养,并从个体、家庭、学校和社区等多个维度构建社会支持系统,开展心理健康教育,加强重点人群心理监测与干预,以促进儿童青少年的积极发展。  相似文献   

14-19岁青少年教育:21世纪初英国教育战略分析     

李薇 《教育发展研究》2008,28(21)

英国21世纪青少年教育战略强调全员受教与个性化发展相结合,提高综合素质与关键能力,发展职业教育.在"卓越"与"共生"意识的指导下,该战略包含许多切实有效的措施,但同时也存在着一些问题.本文通过分析该战略,以期对我国基础教育政策的制订有所启示.  相似文献