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1.
400米栏专项提高阶段的训练方法手段 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
400米栏运动员在掌握基本过栏技术和400米平跑能力之后,主要目标就是提高专项能力水平的训练。此阶段应重点发展快速力量素质、专项耐力素质,改进和完善跨栏跑的技术和节奏,是我们追求的目标,现将训练方法介绍如下:一、快速力量的训练手段快速力量是提高400米栏运动员专项能力的最基本的训练手段,也是不可缺少的身体素质训练方法,是提高专项成绩的基础。 相似文献
2.
一、发展中长跑速度素质的理论基础及训练方法中长跑运动中的速度素质应包括绝对速度与速度耐力,后者亦可划于耐力素质。但随着中长跑速度的提高,特别是"高速度持续跑"理论的提出,很多学者认为依靠糖酵解供能为主的高速度运动(速度耐力)应为速度素质的范畴。训练实践证明,单一追求最大速度训练,即使获得了最大速度的提高,其速度转化为速度耐力的比例也是很少的。因此,中长跑运动员的速度训练应根据项目特征采用特殊的速度训练方法与手段。一般来讲,运动员既需要磷酸能速度,又需要乳酸能速度,这两种速度的同时改善才能促进运动成绩的提高。 相似文献
3.
中长跑运动是属于极限条件下高强度的运动项目。在现代运动训练方法中，多种多样的训练手段、科学合理的训练安排恢复，是运动员取得成绩的重要环节。本文通过对中长跑运动员耐力与力量训练的分析和运用；即耐力与力量训练原则，安排了负荷的方法等方面进行粗略探讨，以便对今后训练起到重要指导意义。 相似文献
4.
男子场地自行车1000米计时赛专项耐力训练方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
场地自行车男子短难离项目专项耐力训练是指培养运动负在速比稳定的情况下保证较高的速度和耐力的能力。我们分析了男子1km计时赛的专项耐力和能量供应特征,对现阶段我国运动员自行车项目运动的情况进行了解,提出了针对男子场地1km计时赛的专项训练方法,从强化ATP—CP系统供能、机体耐受乳酸、机体消徐乳酸这三方面的能力入手,不断提高运动受的速度耐力。 相似文献
5.
根据摔跤运动要熟练掌握复杂的技术动作和达到高水平的运动成绩需要,把一般身体素质分为柔韧协调性,力量,速度和耐力。一、柔韧性、协调性训练:柔韧性协调性训练,主要根据专项技术动作的要求,通过各种方法和手段,提高关节活动幅度和协调能力。其主要训练方法有: 相似文献
6.
短跑是田径运动竞赛项目中距离最短,速度最快,人体运动器官在大量缺氧的情况下完成极限强度的周期性运动项目。它最大的特点就是无氧运动,要求运动员具备较高无氧耐力,无氧耐力的运动表现为速度耐力。速度耐力水平的高低直接影响着短跑成绩,比赛最终的名次。采用文献资料法,就短跑运动员运动过程的能量供应特点进行研究,分析速度耐力的能量供应系统,探求短跑运动员速度耐力训练的有效方法和手段。研究表明：短跑的速度耐力是以糖酵解供能为基础,影响短跑运动员速度耐力强弱的是运动员机体的糖酵解供能的优劣,而速度耐力取决于短跑运动员肌肉的糖酵解能力、抗乳酸能力以及脑细胞耐酸性的能力,通过不同的训练方法和手段,合理的控制训练负荷和间歇时间,能有效提高短跑运动员的速度耐力水平。 相似文献
7.
对于帆船和帆板运动员来说,耐力是最为重要的身体素质,所以在训练过程中需要开展专项耐力素质训练。基于对耐力素质训练的生理学研究,本文指出在专项耐力训练中需要采用的耐力素质训练方法,从生理学角度上对运动员的耐力素质进行训练,从而让运动员能够稳定完成整个运动过程。 相似文献
8.
有氧能力的高低是马拉松跑者能否取得优异成绩的关键。最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性是衡量运动员有氧能力和耐力运动表现的关键指标,也是长跑训练效果的核心考量。由于力量和耐力训练对机体产生不同的训练刺激,教练员和运动员很少将力量训练作为提升耐力运动表现的手段,以防止有氧能力受到负面影响。通过对大量文献梳理发现,力量训练可以在不影响机体最大摄氧量和乳酸阈值的前提下,通过改善神经肌肉功能、转换肌纤维类型以及增强肌肉肌腱刚度和利用弹性势能的能力,提高跑步经济性和无氧能力,改善运动员耐力运动表现。本文基于对力量、耐力训练的生理学适应的探讨,总结不同形式力量训练对耐力运动表现的影响与作用机制,并为马拉松选手科学安排力量训练提出建议,从而优化其耐力运动表现。 相似文献
9.
间歇性低氧训练对气体代谢影响的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
间歇性低氧训练是 90年代初在俄罗斯率先发展的一种新的科学训练方法 ,在运动训练中发挥了积极有效的作用。笔者通过人体实验 ,探讨间歇性低氧训练对气体代谢及运动耐力的影响 ,为该训练方法在我国的推广应用提供必要的理论 ,实践依据。实验结果表明 :间歇性低氧训练可有效提高呼吸系统功能 ,提高气体代谢效率 ,促进运动能力提高 ,是一种科学有效的训练方法 相似文献
10.
间歇性低氧训练是 90年代初在俄罗斯率先发展的一种新的科学训练方法 ,在运动训练中发挥了积极有效的作用。笔者通过人体实验 ,探讨间歇性低氧训练对气体代谢及运动耐力的影响 ,为该训练方法在我国的推广应用提供必要的理论 ,实践依据。实验结果表明 :间歇性低氧训练可有效提高呼吸系统功能 ,提高气体代谢效率 ,促进运动能力提高 ,是一种科学有效的训练方法 相似文献
11.
长拳、太极拳练习对男性大学生心肺功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:观察长拳、太极拳运动对男青年心肺功能的影响.方法:24名大学一年级男生,随机分为长拳组和太极拳组.长拳组进行长拳第三路训练,太极拳组进行简化二十四式太极拳训练,训练周期为12周,每周练习3～4次,每次练习1 h.采用功率自行车直接测定法分别测定12周训练前、后两组研究对象最大耗氧量.结果:12周系统运动前,长拳组和太极拳组的最大耗氧量分别为39.93 ml/kg/min和39.71 ml/kg/min,训练后分别为42.76ml/kg/min和43.20 ml/kg/min,两组分别提高了7%和8%,差异有显著性.训练后太极拳组的最大耗氧量高于长拳组,差异有显著性,两组运动负荷实验过程中的各指标运动训练后也都有明显改善.结论:长拳和太极拳都是很好的健身项目,对提高心肺功能都有良好的作用,其中,太极拳的效果优于长拳. 相似文献
12.
The aims of the present study were to assess running economy in track runners and orienteers and to identify the factors responsible for any differences. The participants were 11 orienteers and 10 track runners of similar age, body mass, maximal oxygen uptake and training background. However, the orienteers included heavy terrain running in their daily training, whereas the track runners ran almost entirely on the roads and tracks. Maximal oxygen uptake and running economy were calculated during horizontal path running and during cross-country running in rough terrain with steep hills, using a telemetric system (K2, Cosmed, Italy). Running economy during path running was 217+/-12 and 212+/-14 ml x kg(-1) x km(-1) (mean +/- s) in the orienteers and the track runners, respectively. Running economy was impaired by 41-52% in heavy terrain (P < 0.05), and was less pronounced in the orienteers than in the track runners (88+/-18 vs 109+/-26 ml x kg(-1) x km(-1); P < 0.05). In conclusion, the better running economy of orienteers when changing from horizontal path to heavy terrain running could be an innate ability, or it could be speculated that specific training may improve running economy, indicating the importance of specific training for orienteers. 相似文献
13.
赛艇运动是典型的有氧耐力运动项目,有氧代谢可直接影响运动员专项能力的发挥及运动成绩的提高,运动过程中气体代谢的变化又能反映运动员能量代谢的状态,8周HiHLo、HiLo和LoLo训练后,通过对运动员VO2max、VO2max／kg等有氧代谢主要评价指标的综合分析可以看出,低氧训练组运动员有氧代谢能力均有所增长,由于训练模式的不同增长幅度各异,总体表现为HiHiLo组提高幅度大于HiLo组;LoLo组有氧代谢能力没有明显变化。从研究结果不难看出,不同模式低氧训练对运动员有氧运动能力的提高幅度不一,这与训练量、训练强度的安排与控制密切相关,且应考虑运动员的个体差异,因此在今后的训练中应按照运动员个体情况合理安排训练模式、训练量及训练强度,以期获得较好训练效果。 相似文献
14.
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the chronic effects of the sequence of concurrent strength and endurance training on selected important physiological and performance parameters, namely lower body 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max/peak). Based on predetermined eligibility criteria, chronic effect trials, comparing strength-endurance (SE) with endurance-strength (ES) training sequence in the same session were included. Data on effect sizes, sample size and SD as well other related study characteristics were extracted. The effect sizes were pooled using, Fixed or Random effect models as per level of heterogeneity between studies and a further sensitivity analyses was carried out using Inverse Variance Heterogeneity (IVHet) models to adjust for potential bias due to heterogeneity. Lower body 1RM was significantly higher when strength training preceded endurance with a pooled mean change of 3.96 kg (95%CI: 0.81 to 7.10 kg). However, the training sequence had no impact on aerobic capacity with a pooled mean difference of 0.39 ml.kg.min?1 (95%CI: ?1.03 to 1.81 ml.kg.min?1). Sequencing strength training prior to endurance in concurrent training appears to be beneficial for lower body strength adaptations, while the improvement of aerobic capacity is not affected by training order. 相似文献
15.
The aims ofthe present study were to assess running economy in track runners and orienteers and to identify the factors responsible for any differences. The participants were 11 orienteers and 10 track runners of similar age, body mass, maximal oxygen uptake and training background. However, the orienteers included heavy terrain running in their daily training, whereas the track runners ran almost entirely on the roads and tracks. Maximal oxygen uptake and running economy were calculated during horizontal path running and during cross-country running in rough terrain with steep hills, using a telemetric system (K2, Cosmed, Italy). Running economy during path running was 217 +/- 12 and 212 +/- 14 ml.kg -1 .km -1 (mean +/- s) in the orienteers and the track runners, respectively. Running economy was impaired by 41-52% in heavy terrain (P ? 0.05), and was less pronounced in the orienteers than in the track runners (88 +/- 18 vs 109 +/- 26 ml.kg -1 .km -1 ; P ? 0.05). In conclusion, the better running economy of orienteers when changing from horizontal path to heavy terrain running could be an innate ability, or it could be speculated that specific training may improve running economy, indicating the importance of specific training for orienteers. 相似文献
16.
William J. Evans Alice S. Bennett David L. Costill William J. Fink 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):350-359
The purpose of this study was to describe substrate changes in blood and muscles during submaximal exercise and to look at the relationship of these changes to some enzyme activities important in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. A group of six trained and six untrained men were exercised for 1 hour at 50% [Vdot]O2 max; three from each group cycled and the rest ran on a treadmill. During the exercise, blood-free fatty acid (FFA) levels increased twofold, glycerol by 3.6 times, triglyceride (TG) by 11/100 ml, and glucose by a mean 11 mg/100 ml in the trained men. In the untrained subjects, however, FFA increased 1.8 fold, glycerols 1.6 fold, and TG by a mean 24/100 ml. Glucose fell in every subject by an average 5 mg%. Muscle glycogen depletion averaged 34 mmoles/kg in the untrained and 23 mmoles/kg in the trained group. The activities of succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH), malic acid dehydrogenase (MDH), and carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) were greater by 177%, 93%, and 64%, respectively, in the trained group than in the untrained subjects. The results indicated that at the same percent [Vdot]O2 max, the trained men seemed to “preferentially” use FFA as an energy source, possibly due to a well developed Krebs cycle and increased CPT activities. This preference would tend to inhibit the major rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis, thus slowing even further the use of carbohydrates as an energy source. The differences in response to exercise were independent of fiber type and indicate that these catabolic responses were primarily due to aerobic training. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s: age 23+/-4 years; body mass 69.7+/-9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23+/-4 years; body mass 72.7+/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1); and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) or the lactate minimum speed. In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO2max (from 47.9+/-8.4 to 52.2+/-2.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3+/-1.7 to 13.9+/-1.6 km x h(-1)), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2+/-1.8 to 11.9+/-1.8 km x h(-1)) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) (from 12.5+/-2.2 to 13.2+/-2.1 km x h(-1)) (all P < 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0+/-0.7 to 10.9+/-1.7 km x h(-1)). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed, when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
18.
目的:探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价方法,为制定针对性的训练计划提供参考。方法:以备战伦敦奥运会国家皮划艇队运动员为研究对象,包括8名男子皮艇、7名女子皮艇和6名划艇运动员。利用皮划艇测功仪采用逐级递增负荷至力竭测最大摄氧量、利用4级1 000 m递增强度划船测试乳酸阈(4 mmol/l对应的船速)。结果:伦敦奥运周期我国优秀男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员的绝对最大摄氧量分别为(5.25±0.22)l/min、(3.58±0.22)l/min、(4.85±0.13)l/min;相对最大摄氧量分别为(57.28±3.8 1)ml/(kg·min-1)、(50.92±3.78)ml/(kg·min-1)、(54.72±5.3)1ml/(kg·min-1),,经过3个月训练后男子皮艇和划艇运动员最大摄氧量无明显变化,女子皮艇运动员明显提高;男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员乳酸阈船速经过3个月的训练后都明显提高,提高幅度分别为11.92%、3.77%和14.37%。结论:我国伦敦周期优秀皮划艇运动员的最大摄氧量高于国际优秀皮划艇运动员的平均水平,和最大摄氧量比较,乳酸阈表现出更好的训练可塑性,能够更为准确的反映皮划艇运动员有氧能力的动态变化。 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
20.
Shirreffs SM Casa DJ Carter R;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S83-S91
The diverse nature of the athletic events, together with the varied training programmes and individuality of athletes taking part, inevitably means that fluid needs are highly variable--between athletes, perhaps between training and competition, and with differing environmental conditions and degree of training and heat acclimatization. There are limited data from athletics on all aspects of fluid balance, but wherever possible we have focused on this information to draw conclusions. When appropriate, euhydration will best be ensured by consuming 6-8 ml . kg body mass(-1) of a sodium-containing fluid, or sodium-free fluid together with food, about 2 h before exercise. The individual sweat responses are so variable that athletes should assess their own individual sweat losses to determine if these are likely to be a cause for concern. The volume of drink that is consumed should never be so much that an athlete gains mass over an event, unless perhaps there is evidence that they began in a hypohydrated state. This may be a particular concern in the field events and multi-event disciplines when competition can be spread over a number of hours and when there are significant rest periods between activities. 相似文献