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中年女子水中运动的健身效果 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对西安市中年女子进行8周水中健身减脂效果的分析表明:经过水中健身锻炼,实验组与对照组BMI、腹部和大腿部减脂效果明显(P<0.05),上臂部、肩胛部等不明显(P>0.05),为中年女子较为关心的如何轻松减肥提供依据。 相似文献
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探讨适宜运动方式对中老年妇女非酒精性脂肪肝患者疗效的影响。方法：对已被确诊为非酒精性脂肪肝的绝经后妇女患者36名先与同年龄段健康妇女进行比较血液等指标,对脂肪肝患者随机分为慢跑组和舞蹈组进行为期6个月的慢跑和舞蹈运动干预,使用心率控制运动强度,再对血液指标检测,评价运动处方的效果。结果：经6个月运动锻炼后两组实验前后相比较,慢跑组试验后体重、BMI、PLT、TCH、TG、GLURBC及HCG均明显下降（P〈0.01）,WBC、MCHC无明显变化（P＆gt;0.05）,MCV、MCH明显升高（P〈0.01）,HCT升高（P〈0.05）;舞蹈组试验后体重、BMI、PLT、TCH、TG、GLU、WBC、RBC及HCG均明显下降（P〈0.01）,HCT、MCH无明显变化（P＆gt;0.05）,MCV下降（P〈0.05）,MCHC有所升高（P〈0.05）。经6个月试验后,慢跑组HGB明显高于舞蹈组（P〈0.01）,慢跑组MCH高于舞蹈组（P〈0.05）,慢跑组TCH低于舞蹈组（P〈0.01）。结论：有氧运动具有减肥、降糖、降脂和防治脂肪肝的良好作用,长期健身运动时慢跑的血红蛋白值明显高于舞蹈的血红蛋白值,长期慢跑降低血液总胆固醇效果要优于舞蹈健身。 相似文献
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目的：探讨共轭亚油酸结合不同运动强度对青春期肥胖大鼠减肥效果及肝肾功能的影响.方法：取建模成功后的雄性SD肥胖倾向大鼠30只,每组6只,随机分为5组,分为：OC、OCC、OLC、OMC、OHC,经8周干预后,测麻醉后体重、体脂肪、体脂百分比、肝肾功能等相关指标.结果：（1）肥胖指标：OLC、OMC、OHC与OC、OCC的麻醉后体重、体脂肪以及体脂百分比相比降低（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）.（2）肝功能指标：血浆白蛋白值OMC与OCC相比明显增加（P＜0.01）;球蛋白值OMC与OC、OCC相比增加（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）.OCC组与其它组别的谷草转氨酶值相比明显下降（P＜0.01）; OHC组与其它组别的总胆红素值相比增加（P＜0.05）.（3）肾功能指标：血肌酐和血尿素氮各组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论：CLA结合运动具有良好的减肥作用.不同运动强度结合CLA干预后,高强度运动减肥效果最明显,中强度运动增加大鼠血浆相关蛋白,高强度运动增加总胆红素的量.CLA结合不同运动强度对大鼠肾功能的相关指标没有产生影响. 相似文献
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目的：探讨太极拳、健身走和广场舞对中老年女性的健身功效。方法：以万州老年大学60名女学员为研究对象,进行为期16周的实验锻炼,在锻炼前、后分别测试受试者的身体成分、身体素质和血脂指标。结果：（1）身体成分指标中,3组锻炼者的体重、身体脂肪量（MBF）和体重指数（BMI）均有非常显著下降（P＜0.01）,健身走组和广场舞组受试者的去脂肪软体重及体脂百分比（PBF）均有极显著下降（P＜0.01）,太极拳组受试者的PBF下降显著（P＜0.05）;（2）身体素质指标中,太极拳组的握力、背力、坐位体前屈实验均非常显著提高（P＜0.01）,腿力有显著增加（P＜0.05）,选择反应时有显著下降（P＜0.05）;健身走组的腿力提高显著（P＜0.01）;广场舞组的握力、坐位体前屈均有非常显著提高（P＜0.01）;（3）血脂指标中,3组受试者的血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-c）均非常显著下降（P＜0.01）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL-c）有非常显著性升高（P＜0.01）;广场舞组的TG下降非常显著（P＜0.01）,健身走组的甘油三脂（TG）显著下降（P＜0.05）。结论：3种锻炼方式均有良好的健身效果,不同锻炼方式其健身效果的侧重点也有所不同,但3组之间横向比较无显著差异。 相似文献
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杨淑萍 《体育科技文献通报》2006,(4)
研究对象:以西宁市部分没有健身基础,而又渴望减肥的中年妇女40名(年龄30-45岁)为研究对象。研究方法:分组及实验方法。结果与分析:简单的运动,也是最好的运动,正如走步健身,它身心兼顾、简便易行。这也是两组在经过了12周的训 相似文献
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通过对长沙市最具代表性的三家健身房的30名肥胖女性进行健美操和健身器械运动的实验。结果表明:前五周锻炼中,健美操锻炼减脂效果比健身器械锻炼效果明显。持续十周锻炼后,健身器械运动对塑造形体效果比健美操锻炼效果明显。两组实验后出现机体不同部位之间的差异,客观地反映了健美操与健身器械运动对女子减肥的各种功效,从而为女子减肥提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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文章通过BIODEX-3多关节等速测力系统对对太极拳运动和健身走运动的中老年人（60人）的下肢肌力进行对比研究与分析。研究结果表明：长期太极拳运动的中老年人踝关节、膝关节的相对峰力矩（PT/BW））和相对爆发力（PT/Time to PK/BW）明显优于健身走运动（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,因此长期坚持太极拳运动对提高和改善中老年人的下肢肌力具有积极作用。 相似文献
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为了探讨长期的有氧耐力训练对高脂饮食肥胖大鼠减肥效果及机体糖代谢的影响,雄性SD大鼠高脂喂养8周后按体重分为肥胖组大鼠（DIO）、肥胖抵抗组大鼠（DIO-R）和介于之间的中间对照组大鼠（C）,再随机将每组分为两个亚组即运动组和非运动组,继续高脂饮食7周,运动组进行为期7周的游泳训练,末次训练后12h禁食,24h取样。测定体重和腹腔内脂肪含量及血糖、肌糖原、肝糖原,放射免疫法测定血清胰岛素。结果显示：肥胖组大鼠与中间对照组大鼠相比体重、脂肪量、体脂率和胰岛素均增高极显著（P〈0.01）,而血糖、肌糖原、肝糖原无显著差异（P〉0.05）;肥胖运动组大鼠与肥胖组大鼠相比,体重、脂肪量、体脂率、血糖均降低极显著（P〈0.01）,胰岛素降低显著（P〈0.05）,肌糖原、肝糖原无显著差异（P〉0.05）;中间对照运动组大鼠与中间对照组大鼠相比体重极显著下降（P〈0.01）,血糖水平显著下降（P〈0.05）,肌糖原、肝糖原、胰岛素、脂肪、体脂率均无显著差异（P〉0.05）,抵抗运动组大鼠与抵抗组大鼠相比各项指标均无显著变化（P〉0.05）。结论：大鼠对高脂饮食诱导肥胖敏感程度存在很大差异,高脂饮食诱导大鼠肥胖与胰岛素抵抗有关。长期有氧耐力训练对肥胖组和中间对照组大鼠有明显的减肥作用,并且可有效降低肥胖大鼠的血清胰岛素,改善胰岛素抵抗。但对抵抗组大鼠作用不明显。 相似文献
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Biochemical markers of inflammation are emerging as new predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may alter acutely with exercise. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of walking on these markers or whether different walking intensities elicit varied effects. As there is growing interest in modifiable lifestyle factors such as walking to reduce CVD risk, these inflammatory responses warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of walking at 50% versus 70% of predicted maximal heart rate on C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen, and triglycerides in sedentary post-menopausal women. Twelve post-menopausal women (mean age 58 years, s +/-6; stature 1.62 m, s+/-0.06; body mass 66.8 kg, s +/-6.2) completed two 30-min treadmill walks in a randomized cross-over design. Fasted blood samples were taken (for the determination of plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and lipids) before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after exercise. Triglyceride concentrations decreased from pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise at both walking intensities (time x group interaction, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed for plasma fibrinogen, CRP, total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (time x group interaction, P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fasting plasma triglycerides are decreased on the morning after 30 min of brisk walking at either 50% or 70% of maximal heart rate (moderate and vigorous intensity). 相似文献
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Jillian Davis Marie Murphy Tom Trinick Ellie Duly Alan Nevill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):303-309
Abstract Biochemical markers of inflammation are emerging as new predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may alter acutely with exercise. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of walking on these markers or whether different walking intensities elicit varied effects. As there is growing interest in modifiable lifestyle factors such as walking to reduce CVD risk, these inflammatory responses warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of walking at 50% versus 70% of predicted maximal heart rate on C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen, and trigylcerides in sedentary post-menopausal women. Twelve post-menopausal women (mean age 58 years, s ± 6; stature 1.62 m, s ± 0.06; body mass 66.8 kg, s ± 6.2) completed two 30-min treadmill walks in a randomized cross-over design. Fasted blood samples were taken (for the determination of plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and lipids) before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after exercise. Triglyceride concentrations decreased from pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise at both walking intensities (time×group interaction, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed for plasma fibrinogen, CRP, total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (time x group interaction, P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fasting plasma triglycerides are decreased on the morning after 30 min of brisk walking at either 50% or 70% of maximal heart rate (moderate and vigorous intensity). 相似文献
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In this study, we examined the effects of 1 and 2 h of brisk walking on post-prandial metabolism. Eleven pre-menopausal women participated in three oral fat tolerance tests with different pre-conditions: control (no exercise), 1 h walk (1 h of walking at 50% maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max, on the day before) and 2 h walk (2 h walking at 50% VO2max on the day before). Venous blood samples were taken in the fasted state and for 6 h after ingestion of a high-fat mixed meal. Compared with the control trial, the 1 h walk reduced post-prandial lipaemia by a mean of 9.3%, whereas the 2 h walk reduced it by 22.8% (P < 0.01 for trend). Similarly, the 2 h walk reduced the post-prandial insulin response to a greater extent than the 1 h walk (17.3 vs 7.6%; P < 0.05 for trend). The results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of exercise on post-prandial metabolism are related to the duration and, therefore, the energy expenditure of the exercise session. 相似文献
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Richard D. Morton Daniel J. West Jeffrey W. Stephens Stephen C. Bain Richard M. Bracken 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):93-99
Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of a supervised, heart rate intensity prescribed walking training programme on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After receiving local ethics approval, 27 individuals (21 males, 6 females) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an experimental (“walking”) or control group. Participants completed a Balke-Ware test to determine peak heart rate, peak oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2peak), and peak gradient. The walking group then completed a 7-week (four sessions a week) supervised, heart rate prescribed walking training programme, whereas the control group continued daily life. After training, participants completed another Balke-Ware test. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin were measured at rest. The results showed that walking training elicited 80% (s = 2) of peak heart rate and a rating of perceived exertion of 11 (s = 1). Peak heart rate and [Vdot]O2peak were higher in the walking than in the control group after training (P < 0.05). Based on the peak gradient before training, the respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and there was a strong trend for [Vdot]O2 (P = 0.09) and heart rate (P = 0.09) to be lower after training at the same gradient in the walking compared with the control group. These improvements increased walking peak gradient by 5 min (s = 4 min) compared with the control (P < 0.05). There was no change in fasting blood glucose or glycosylated haemoglobin after training. Despite no change in glycaemic control, heart rate prescribed walking improved peak and sub-maximal cardiorespiratory responses. The beneficial adaptations support the use of heart rate monitoring during walking in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
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Rachael B Champion Lindsey R Smith Jennifer Smith Bogdana Hirlav Benjamin D Maylor Stephanie L White 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2484-2491
This study evaluated the acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with an accumulated 2 h of light-intensity walking on postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers. In this randomised crossover trial, 24 participants (twelve males) aged 18–55 years took part in two, 6.5 h conditions: 1) prolonged sitting (SIT) and 2) sitting interrupted hourly with 20 min light-intensity treadmill desk walking at between 1.2–3.5 km/h?1 (INT-SIT). Standardized meals were provided at 0 h and 3 h. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken hourly. Statistical analyses were completed using linear mixed models. Postprandial incremental area under the curve responses (mmol/L?6.5 h) for glucose (4.52 [3.47, 5.56] and 6.66 [5.62, 7.71] for INT-SIT and SIT, respectively) and triglycerides (1.96 [0.96, 2.96] and 2.71 [1.70, 3.71] for INT-SIT and SIT, respectively) were significantly lower in INT-SIT than SIT. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses were lower by 3% and 4%, respectively, in INT-SIT than SIT (P < 0.05). There was no significant condition x sex interaction effect for any outcomes (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that interrupting sitting with an accumulated 2 h of light-intensity walking acutely improves cardiometabolic risk levels in males and females compared with prolonged sitting. 相似文献
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Ana Cristina de David Felipe Pivetta Carpes Darren Stefanyshyn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):391-397
Joint moments can be used as an indicator of joint loading and have potential application for sports performance and injury prevention. The effects of changing walking and running speeds on joint moments for the different planes of motion still are debatable. Here, we compared knee and ankle moments during walking and running at different speeds. Data were collected from 11 recreational male runners to determine knee and ankle joint moments during different conditions. Conditions include walking at a comfortable speed (self-selected pacing), fast walking (fastest speed possible), slow running (speed corresponding to 30% slower than running) and running (at 4 m · s?1 ± 10%). A different joint moment pattern was observed between walking and running. We observed a general increase in joint load for sagittal and frontal planes as speed increased, while the effects of speed were not clear in the transverse plane moments. Although differences tend to be more pronounced when gait changed from walking to running, the peak moments, in general, increased when speed increased from comfortable walking to fast walking and from slow running to running mainly in the sagittal and frontal planes. Knee flexion moment was higher in walking than in running due to larger knee extension. Results suggest caution when recommending walking over running in an attempt to reduce knee joint loading. The different effects of speed increments during walking and running should be considered with regard to the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation purposes. 相似文献
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Josu Gomez-Ezeiza Jon Torres-Unda Nicholas Tam Jon Irazusta Cristina Granados 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2235-2241
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between biomechanical parameters of the gait cycle and race walking economy in world-class Olympic race walkers.Methods: Twenty-One world-class race walkers possessing the Olympic qualifying standard participated in this study. Participants completed an incremental race walking test starting at 10 km·h?1, where race walking economy (ml·kg?1·km?1) and spatiotemporal gait variables were analysed at different speeds.Results: 20-km race walking performance was related to race walking economy, being the fastest race walkers those displaying reduced oxygen cost at a given speed (R = 0.760, p < 0.001). Longer ground contact times, shorter flight times, longer midstance sub-phase and shorter propulsive sub-phase during stance were related to a better race walking economy (moderate effect, p < 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the fastest race walkers were more economi cal than the lesser performers. Similarly, shorter flight times are associated with a more efficient race walking economy. Coaches and race walkers should avoid modifying their race walking style by increasing flight times, as it may not only impair economy, but also lead to disqualification. 相似文献
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E Lynne Geddes Ellen Costello K Raivel R Wilson 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2009,20(1):5-12
Purpose: To investigate the effects of a 12-week home walking program on cardiovascular parameters, fatigue perception, and walking distance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Twelve ambulatory persons with MS, not currently participating in exercise were randomly assigned to control (C) or experimental groups (EX). Pretest data collection included resting HR, BP, fatigue perception (Fatigue Severity Scale), and 6-minute walk test. EX received a home walking program (30 min, 3 × week, × 12 weeks), using a modification of Karvonen''s formula to calculate HR range. A HR monitor was used to adjust walking speed. The C group refrained from any regular exercise. Posttest data were collected at week 12 and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in any measured parameters; however, walking distance and Physiologic Cost Index did improve in the exercise group. Conclusion: No adverse events or increase in fatigue levels related to the exercise intervention were reported in this study. This home walking program may not be of sufficient intensity to elicit significant cardiovascular changes. Abnormal cardiac responses have been documented in this population, which may have affected the results. Clinicians may need to use alternate measures to assess fitness in this population.Key Words: multiple sclerosis, home walking program, cardiovascular, aerobic 相似文献
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Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez Raúl Arellano Sonia Taladriz Gracia López-Contreras 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(3):224-231
The aim of this study was to examine spatiotemporal characteristics and joint angles during forward and backward walking in water at low and high stride frequency. Eight healthy adults (22.1 ± 1.1 years) walked forward and backward underwater at low (50 pulses) and high frequency (80 pulses) at the xiphoid process level with arms crossed at the chest. The main differences observed were that the participants presented a greater speed (0.58 vs. 0.85 m/s) and more asymmetry of the step length (1.24 vs. 1.48) at high frequency whilst the stride and step length (0.84 vs. 0.7 m and 0.43 vs. 0.35 m, respectively) were lower compared to low frequency (P < 0.05). Support phase duration was higher at forward walking than backward walking (61.2 vs. 59.0%). At initial contact, we showed that during forward walking, the ankle and hip presented more flexion than during backward walking (ankle: 84.0 vs. 91.8º and hip: 22.8 vs. 8.0º; P < 0.001). At final stance, the knee and hip were more flexed at low frequency than at high frequency (knee: 150.0 vs. 157.0º and hip: ?12.2 vs. –14.5º; P < 0.001). The knee angle showed more flexion at forward walking (134.0º) than backward walking (173.1º) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results show how forward and backward walking in water at different frequencies differ and contribute to a better understanding of this activity in training and rehabilitation. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):727-735
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight loss intervention based on physical exercise on the relationship between energy cost and stride frequency during walking in obese teenagers. Participants aged 13–16 years old were assigned to a training (n?=?14) and control (n?=?10) groups. During eight weeks, the training group performed three 60-min weekly sessions of high-intensity intermittent activities coupled with aerobic training. Body composition, gait parameters and energy cost during 4-min walking bouts at participants’ most comfortable speed and preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF-10%, PSF?+?10%, PSF-20% and PSF?+?20% were measured before and after intervention. The effects of training and stride frequencies on the energy cost of walking were analysed by an ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed that the exercise intervention induced a significant increase in walking speed (+23.2%), and significant decreases in body mass (?1.4%), body fat percentage (?2.1%) and energy cost of walking at various frequencies (decreases ranging from ?10.5% to ?20.4%, p?<?.05). In addition, significantly greater decreases were shown at high frequencies (p?<?.05). No significant differences were shown in the control group (p?>?.05). These results suggest that this type of training is beneficial to reduce walking energy cost of obese teenagers, in particular at high frequencies. This should improve their well-being during daily activities. 相似文献