共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
本文分析了125份柑桔属、枳属、金柑属和指来檬属种质资源的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶同工
酶(GOT)。新发现了GOT-1的两个等位基因B和C。宽皮柑桔的GOT同工酶颇为一致(仅两个例
外)，表明可能有共同的起源。酸橙的GOT同工酶较复杂，可能有多种起源，其中朱栾和小红橙的起
源可能与宜昌橙或香橙有关。在单胚种柚中发现了6种GOT基因组合。宜昌橙存在着两种GOT同工酶类型。本文讨论了甜橙、酸橙、葡萄柚、香橙、柠檬等种类的可能起源。 相似文献
2.
中国柑桔数量化学分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱立武 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):353-361
本文运用数量分类学的原理和方法，分析了柑桔83个生物型叶片可溶性蛋白质电泳谱
带的相似性。对属、种内的部分生物型的相似性进行了比较, 探讨了金柑属在柑桔分类中的地
位, 对一些起源不明的生物型的可能祖先作了推断。从叶片蛋白质谱带相似性聚类分析树系
图上，可发现柑桔由枳到柑亚类的大致进化趋势, 作者认为，将宜昌橙归入大翼橙类要更加合理。 相似文献
3.
柑桔植物的数值分类学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用系统聚类法和对应分析法对59份柑桔及其近缘植物枳和金柑三个属的分类群进行了数值
分类学研究。 结果表明，在栽培柑桔中，枸橼Citrus medica、柚Citrus grandis、宽皮柑桔Citrusreticulata是三大基本类型。 本文还对些种类的分类地位作了探讨。 相似文献
4.
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了柑桔属，金柑属106份种质资源的阳极(酸性)过氧化物酶同工
酶。认为该酶为单聚体，由一个基因位点控制，有A、B、C、D、F五个等位基因被发现。分析结果，认为中国、日本及印度的宽皮柑桔并无酶谱基因型差别。本文还对部分种类品种的过氧化物酶谱基因型及其分类学关系作了初步探讨。 相似文献
5.
用丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离了胡桃属Juglans L．10种植物80份材料的过氧化物同工
酶，共出现16种酶谱。 种内酶谱多态，但酶带间的差异小于种间酶带差异。用“酶谱距离”
及特异酶带可将10个种分成4组，与胡桃属分类基本吻合。 黑核桃组的酶带最多。胡桃楸
次之，核桃及灰核桃最少。根据同工酶的产生与进化的关系，可认为黑核桃与胡桃楸比核桃、 灰核桃进化。胡桃属内平均“酶谱距离”为0.52，推测该属应发生在晚白垩纪到古新世。 相似文献
6.
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了松科全部10属59种又A变种的过氧化物
酶。 尽管个别种在种内酶谱有变化，但每个种仍有足以与其他种区分的特征性
酶谱。我们定义“两分类群总带数除两分类群不相同带数”为“酶谱距离“，作为
属间和种间酶谱分歧的数量指标。松科各属内平均酶谱距离与Prager等(1976)
报道的抗原距离以及各属的化石历史基本一致。落叶松属、雪松属、金钱松属发
生最晚，云杉属等次之，松属最为古老。分子证据支持属和亚科的划分。对比杨
属的数据，说明过氧化物酶进化有稳定速率。 文章最后讨论了酶谱资料在研究 植物形态进化和分子进化中的作用。 相似文献
7.
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了柏木属9个种的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明：属内种
间具有明显的酶谱差异，每个种都有其特征酶谱。并用排序的方法对柏木属9个种酶谱的相
似程度进行了研究，据酶谱的排序结果把9个种分为5个类群。其中：巨柏、西藏柏木、干香
柏、岷江柏木和剑阁柏木为一类群; 地中海柏木、柏木、墨西哥柏木和绿干柏各为一类群，从分
子水平上论证了前人对于柏木属各种间亲缘关系的论述。研究结果还表明，柏木属植物近缘
种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱相似程度的替代与近缘种间的地理替代表现出强烈的映射关系，这
种关系可以用来揭示植物地理替代的规律。柏木属内种间平均酶谱距离为0.75，推测其地质
发生年代为侏罗纪。本文还发现用排序的方法研究同工酶谱可以达到定量比较的水平，在实践中有较多的优越性。 相似文献
8.
本文采用聚丙烯（月+先）胺凝胶电泳法测定了5属28种竹叶的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)，过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)三种同工酶。测定结果表明，GOT同工酶比较稳定，对于竹子分属有较好的意义；POD与EST同工酶种间分化大，可作为竹子分种的参考依据。根据三种同工酶的酶谱及相似系数分析，结合经典分类，对丛生竹分类中存在的疑难问题提出了一些参考意见。 相似文献
9.
本文首次报道了菰属Zizania L. 及其有关属，共7属，13种，3变种，1变型的花粉形
态。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对其花粉的形状、外壁的层次及纹饰等进行了观察。经过研
究，笔者认为： 菰属应置于禾本科稻族内；菰属在稻族内的演化及菰属内的种间演化均存在
平行演化的现象；菰属在全世界有4种2亚种。这些结论大都吻合笔者对其它形态特征的研
究结果。 相似文献
10.
本文叙述了木蓝属系统研究的简史，对该属形态特征的演化趋势及属下分类进行系统
研究，根据植物习性、叶的特征、果实形态及含种子数，将国产木蓝属80种，1变种归纳为3亚
属，并将木蓝亚属分为14亚组，其中包括9个新亚组，对其中一些种类作了归并及处理，并编 写了分种检索表。 相似文献
11.
本文通过形态学和植物化学的比较研究探讨了鹅绒藤类群的分类等级问题。 化学资料表明，广义鹅绒藤属的地梢瓜组含有萝藦科中甚为独特的黄酮醇成分，而未检出普遍存在于这一类群的C21甾体化合物。 作者认为黄酮醇是新等级地梢瓜属的特征成分。 通过对狭义鹅绒藤属、白前属、地梢瓜属、隔山消属和杯冠藤属的分析，认为隔山消组和杯冠藤组也应恢复其属级地位。 相似文献
12.
本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布相统一的原理,讨论了“低等”金缕梅类植物的起
源和散布。 “低等”金缕梅类植物(Endress1989a的概念)包括下列7科：昆栏树科、水青树科、连香
树科、折扇叶科、领春木科、悬铃木科和金缕梅科。 该类群共有13种分布区类型,东亚区的南部和
印度支那区的北部是它的现代分布中心;根据化石证据及原始类群和外类群的分布分析,以上地区最
有可能是这类植物的起源地。 “低等”金缕梅类植物起源的时间至少可追溯到早白垩纪巴列姆期,较可
靠的化石证据说明悬铃木类植物在早白垩纪阿尔必晚期出现,而昆栏树科、水青树科、连香树科和金
缕梅科植物的出现均不晚于晚白垩纪。 最后,从环境变迁和生物演化两个方面探讨了“低等”金缕梅类植物现代分布格局的形成原因。 相似文献
13.
忍冬科的数值分类初试 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐炳声 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(1):26-33
A numerical taxonomic study of Caprifoliaceae is presented. For the sake of ana-
lyzing the resemblances between the 33 species or OUT’s selected at random from the
total 13 genera of the family, a summation of 32 characters was employed in the numeri-
cal analyses. Raw data for each character were given equal weighting by condensa-
tion in order to have adequate comparisons, and the characters were converted to 51
states, each with a new range of zero to one. Owing to the lack of sufficient data from
other lines for numerical analyses, the characters used in this study were largely mor-
phological. The estimation of the coefficient resemblance between each pair or OUT’s
was established using the association coefficient method. The resulting values com-
prise the 33×33 OUT’s basic similarity matrix. The clustering technique used was
unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA).
It can be stated that the scheme of phenetic relationships shown in the resultant
dendrogram (Fig. 1) is on the whole in accord with the concepts hold by most current
taxonomists, but with some noteworthy exceptions. If the phenon line of tribal de-
markation is drawn at the level of 0.6820, the OUT’s could be roughly divided into
five groups or tribes. The fact that the highest degree of correlation between Group
I Sambuceae and Group II Viburneae on the one hand, and the great distance between
them and the rest genera of the family on the other hand agrees well with the data
obtained from morphological (Troll and Weberling, 1966), anatomical (Wilkinson,
1949, Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950), embryological (Moissl, 1941), sereological (Hillebrand
and Fairbrother, 1970), and phytochemical (Bohm and Glennie, 1971) researches.
These two tribes are most probably members of different phylogenetic origin. Trioste-
um and Symphoricarpos both show their affinities with Leycesteria of Group V
Lonicereae instead of Group III Linnaeea or Group II Viburneae as suggested by
some taxonomists, and thus supports the opinion of Troll and Weberling (1966), who
suggested that these two genera are members of the tribe Lonicereae. The location of
the phylogenetically uncertain genus Heptacodium in the dendrogram shows its close
morphological similarity to the tribe Linnaeeae.
Because of the relatively small number of characters considered in this work, and
“taxonomic judgement” was used in selecting these characters which appeared to be
most “basic” to the classification of genera in the family, as well as the limitation of
numerical taxonomy in itself, the resultant scheme of tribal relationships presented
in this paper is by no means phylogenetic, but one that provides an excellent checkon ordinary taxonomic procedures. 相似文献
14.
We have described a new genus Taihangia, collected from, the south part of Taihang
Mountain in northern China. At the same time, comparative studies on Taihangia with its
related genera have been made in various fields including external morphology, anatomy
of carpels, chromosome and pollen morphology by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. In addition, isoperoxidases of two varietier were analysed by means of polya-crylamide gel slab electrophoresis. The preliminary results are as follows:
Morphology: The genus Taihangia is perennial and has simple leaves, occasionally
with 1—2 very small reduced lobes on the upper part of petiole; flowers white, andromo-
noecious and androdioecious, terminal, single or rarely 2 on a leafless scape; calyx and cpicalyx with 5 segments; petals 5; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, with pubescent styles, spirally inserted on the receptacle in bisexual flowers, but with less number of abortive and glabrous pistils in male flowers.
In comparison with the related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia,
the new genus has unisexual flowers and always herbaceous habit indicating its advanced
feature but the genus has a primitive style with thin and short hairs as compared with the genus Dryas which has long, pinnately haired styles, a character greatly facilitamg anemo-choric dissemination. The styles of Taihangia are slender and differ from those of the ge-nus Geum which are articulate, with a persistent hooked rostrum, thus adapting to epizo-ochoric dissemination to a higher degree.
The anatomy of carpels shows the baral position of ovules in the genus Taihangia like those in other related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Acomastylis, Coluria and Waldsteinia. This suggests that the new genus and its related ones are in a common evolutionary line as compared with the other tribes which have a pendulous ovule and represent a separate evolutionary line in Rosaceae. Dorsal and ventral bundles in carpels through sections are free at the base. Neither fusion, nor reduction of dorsals and vertrals. are observed. This shows that the genus Taihangia is rather primitive.
Somatic chromosome: All the living plants, collected from both Honan and Hopei
Provinces were examined. The results show that in these plants the chromosome number
is 2n= 14, and thus the basic number of chromosome is x=7. Such a diploid genus is first
found in both anemochoric and epizoochoric genera. Therefore, in this respect Taihangia is primitive as compared with herbaceous polyploid genus Geum and related ones.
Pollen: The stereostructure shown by scanning electron microscope reveals that the pollen grains of the genus Taihangia are ellipsoid and 3-colporate. There are two types of exine sculpture. One is rather shortly striate and it seems rugulate over the pollen surface; the other is long-striate. The genus Dryas differs in having only short and thick striae over the surface. The genus is similar to the genera Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia in colpustype, but differs from them in that they all have long, parallel striae which are distributed along the meridional line.
In addition, under transmission electron microscope, the exine in the Taihangia and related genera Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria, Waldsteinia and Dryas has been shown to be typically differentiated into two distinct layers, nexine and sexine. The nexine, weakly statined, appears to consist of endoxine with no foot-layer, in which the columellae are fused, and which is thicker beneath the apertures. The sexine is 2-layered, consisting of columellae and tectum. Three patterns of tectum can be distinguished in the tribe Dryadeae: the first, in the genera Taihangia, Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, is tectate-imperforate, with the sculpturing elements both acute and obtuse at the top and broad at the base; the second, in the genus Dryas, is semitectate, with the sculpturing elements shown in ultrathin sections rod-like and broader at the top than at the base or as broad at the top as at the base, and the third, tectate-perforate, with the sculpturing elements different in size. From the above results, the herbaceous groups and woody ones have palynologically evolved in two distinct directions, and the genus Taihangia is related to other herbaceous genera such as Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, as shown in the electron microphotographs of ultrathin sections. The genus Taihangia, however, is different from related herbaceous genera in that the pollen of Taihangia is dimorphic, i.e. in addition to the above pattern of pollen another one of the exine in Taihangia is rugulate, with the sculpturing elements shown in the ultrathin sections being obtuse or emarginate and nearly as broad at the top as at the base.
The interesting results obtained from the comparative analysis of morphology, ana-
tomy of carpels, chromosome countings, microscopic and submicrosocopic structures of pollen may enable us to evaluate the systematic position of Taihangia and to throw a new light on evolution of the tribe Dryadeae. It is well known that the modes of dissemination of rosaceous fruits play an important role in the expansion and evolution of the family. The follicle is the most primitive and the plants with follicles, like the Spiraeoideae, are mostly woody and mesic, while the achene, drupe and pyrenarium are derived. In Rosoideae having a achene is a common feature. Particularly in the tribe Dryadeae, which is distinguished from the other related tribes by having orthotropous ovules, the methods of dissemination of fruits have developed in three distinct specialized directions: anemochory with long, plumose styles (e.g. Dryas), formicochory or dispersed by ants or other insects, with the deciduous styles (e.g. Waldsteinia and Collria),and epizoochory with the upper deciduous stigmatic part and the lower persistent hooked rostrum, an adhesive organ favouring epizoochory dissemination (e. g. Geum and related taxa). Taihangia is a genus endemic to mesophytic
forest area of northern China. Due to its narrow range and specific habit as well as pubescent styles, neither perfectly adapted to anemochory nor to epizoochory, the genus Taihangia might be a direct progeny of the ancestry of anemochory. Maintaining the diploidy and having an ntermediate sculptural type of pollen, the new genus might probably represent a linkage between anemochory and zoochory (including epizoochory and dispersed by ants).
Experimental evidence from isoperoxidases shows the stable zymograms of root and
roostoks. The anodal isozyme of T. rupestris var. rupestris may be divided into 6 bands:
A, B, C, D, E, F, and T. rupestris var. ciliata into 4 bands: A, B, C, G. The two varietiesof the species share 3 bands: A, B, C. However, D, E and F bands are characteristic of var. rupestris and G band is limited to var. ciliata. As far as the available materials are concerned, the analysis of isoperoxidases supports the subdivision of the species into two varieties. 相似文献
15.
Ivan Nielsen 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(2):164-169
Three new combinations, one new synonym, 3 unperfectly known species and 8
distribution maps of 11 species of Chinese and Indo-Chinese Archidendron are pre-
sented in this article, as a supplement of the subject “Notes on the genera Archidendron
F. V. Mueller and Pithecellobium Martius in Mainland S. E. Asia” published in
Adansonia, ser. 2, 19(1): 3—37. 1979.
I am indebted to prof. Wu, head of Taxonomy laboratory of South China Insti-
tute of Botany for translating the article into Chinese and adding some distributivepoints of Chinese species of this genus on the maps. 相似文献
16.