心脏Nmnat过表达联合耐力运动对果蝇高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响     

文登台  郑澜  陆凯  刘宪楚  后文其 《首都体育学院学报》2020,(1):87-96

利用UAS/hand-gal4系统构建果蝇心脏Nmnat基因特异性过表达,研究心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动对高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响,并分析其分子机制。方法:雄性w^1118和NmnatUAS系果蝇分别与雌性hand-Gal4杂交,收集F1代心脏Nmnat正常表达(hand>w^1118)和过表达(hand>Nmnat)处女蝇,饲养至15 d后开始进行耐力运动(E)和高脂膳食(HFD),并分为hand>w^1118、hand>w^1118+E、hand>w^1118+HFD、hand>w^1118+HFD+E、hand>Nmnat、hand>Nmnat+E、hand>Nmnat+HFD、hand>Nmnat+HFD+E共8组,每组410只。ELISA检测心脏TAG、NAD+、SIR2蛋白去乙酰化、SOD活力和MDA水平,qRT-PCR检测心脏相关基因mRNA表达,M-mode检测心脏功能情况。结果:hand>w^1118+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、缩短分数高于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且d FAS和Col4al表达、TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01);hand>Nmnat果蝇心脏各指标与hand>Nmnat+HFD相比较未见显著差异(P>0.05);hand>Nmnat+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、心脏NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、心脏缩短分数高于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且dFAS和Col4al表达\TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:心脏Nmnat过表达和耐力运动均能抵抗果蝇高脂膳食诱发的心脏脂质过度堆积、氧化损伤、减弱心脏收缩能力和增加纤维性振颤,其分子机制与心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性增强有关。心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动能更好地降低脂毒性心肌症的发生概率,其机制与二者联合对心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性上调的叠加作用有关。  相似文献   

心肌肌钙蛋白与马拉松等耐力运动后右心室心肌损伤的综述研究     

张玉丽  王松涛 《中国体育科技》2020,(6):22-31

作为心肌损伤的特异性指标,心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)在临床诊断心肌病中具有较高的价值。马拉松等耐力运动后,血清cTn异常升高的生理、病理意义仍存在较大争议。通过总结马拉松等耐力运动后cTn的释放规律和右心室(RV)损伤情况,研究探讨了运动后血清cTn的可能来源,以及利用血清cTn评价运动后RV心肌损伤性质的可行性。研究认为:1)一次性马拉松等耐力运动后的血清cTn异常升高,可能是由于RV心肌结构蛋白损伤所致;2)一次性马拉松等耐力运动,可能导致不同性质的RV心肌损伤,通过结合运动后血清cTn的升高水平和持续升高的时间,可以对RV心肌损伤的性质进行评价。  相似文献   

Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance     

Normand A Richard  Michael S Koehle 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):811-823

Road criterium and track bicycle racing occur at high speeds, demand repeated high power outputs, last 10–90?min, and offer little chance for recovery after the event. Consecutive evenings of criterium and track racing are respectively known as speed-week or six-day events and take place in evening hours over the course of a week. Given the schedule and timing of these competitions, return to homeostasis can be compromised. No recommendations exist on how to optimize recovery for cyclists participating in these types of repeated evening competitions. Criterium and track cyclists spend considerable time, near and above the individual lactate threshold and therefore mostly utilize carbohydrate as their chief energy substrate. Henceforth, pre – and post-race nutrition and hydration is examined and recommendations are brought forward for carbohydrate, protein, and fluid intake. As evening high-intensity exercise perturbs sleep, strategies to optimize sleep are discussed and recommendations for an optimal sleep environment are given. Active recovery is examined, and the benefits of a short duration low intensity exercise reviewed. Passive recovery methods such as compression garments and cold water immersion are recommended, while evidence for massage, pneumatic compression devices, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation is still lacking. Optimizing recovery strategies will facilitate a return to the resting state following strenuous night competition.  相似文献   

The Role of Endurance Contests in the Construction of Authority and Social Order in Rural China: Cases in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China     

Guohua Zheng 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):1057-1070

By investigating four cases from the Qing Dynasty (1622–1911) and from the Republic of China (1911–1949), it was found that inter-village disputes normally arose because of uneven distribution of public resources in China's rural society. To settle the disputes, villagers tended to apply civil mediation, normally conducting endurance contests, rather than seek governmental arbitration. The authority and social order was thereby based on endurance contests. Conducting such contests was certainly advantageous to larger villages in their quest for more public resources. However, it simultaneously restricted their privatization of public resources, as the smaller villagers were able to equally raise their voices to resist them and to obtain their own public resources by proposing and participating in endurance contests. Although originally it was an unfair way of settling the disputes over uneven distribution of public resources in rural China, it gave hope to the disadvantaged to protect their own rights and interests at a time when governmental arbitration could not be relied upon.  相似文献   

Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships     

Brian Hanley 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1189-1195

The aim of this study was to describe the pacing profiles and packing behaviour of athletes competing in the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Finishing and split times were collated for 491 men and 347 women across six championships. The mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 1.1 km segments were calculated, and athletes grouped according to finishing time. The best men and women largely maintained their split speeds between 5 km and 15 km, whereas slower athletes had decreased speeds from 5 km onwards. Athletes were also classified by the type of packing behaviour in which they engaged. Those who ran in packs throughout the race had smaller decreases in pace than those who did not, or who managed to do so only to 5 km. While some athletes’ reduced speeds from 15 to 20 km might have been caused by fatigue, it was also possibly a tactic to aid a fast finish that was particularly beneficial to medallists. Those athletes who ran with the same competitors throughout sped up most during the finish. Athletes are advised to identify rivals likely to have similar abilities and ambitions and run with them as part of their pre-race strategy.  相似文献   

高原耐力训练中抗高原反应能力关系研究     

姚明义 《科技通报》2015,(2):22-24

目的:研究通过高原耐力训练,生成体内血胰岛素,并建立起与抗高原反应能力关系模型,评估人体在高原等恶劣环境下训练的生理机能。方法:研究对象为本校篮球队在青藏高原驻训的23名篮球队员,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件,测得运动员体内产生的血胰岛素聚合物Pluronic-b-PCL(Entry 0)和Pluronic-b-P(CL-co-BCL)的显著差异性,从而分析与抗高原反应能力的关系。引入有助于提高抗高原反应的半乳糖分子,通过DLS测试粒子表面的zeta电位值,分析受测运动员的调节纤维激酶值。结果:在阳离子型嵌段共聚物P(PEGMEMA16-co-PEGMA7)-b-PDMAEMA53中N/P比分别为0.3,0.6,0.8,1.5,2.5,3.0,8.0,受测运动员的生成的P(PEGMEMA-co-PEGMA)-b-PDMAEMA为2.155 g,0.1 mmol,PMDETA(104μL,0.5 mmol),Cu Cl(0.0258 g,0.25 mmol),在运动后24 h,血胰岛素与抗高原反应能力相关系数有所增大,运动后48 h,血胰岛素生成与抗高原反应能力相关系数有所较小,同时BP与调节纤维激酶相关系数增大,抗高原反应能力显著提高(P0.05)。结论:通过高原耐力训练,逐步增加红细胞和血红蛋白的生成,促进血胰岛素生成,改善血液输送氧的能力,使新进入高原的人发挥他正常的生理效能,指导高原训练和高原反应病症的治疗和预防。  相似文献   

U17足球运动员专项灵敏和耐力素质分析及评价等级的建立     

陈翀  陈效科  王朝信  王启荣 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):112-118

摘要：目的：分析我国优秀U17足球运动员专项灵敏和耐力素质，并建立评价等级标准。主要运用场地测试法、数理统计法，对全国优秀的U17男子足球运动员进行专项灵敏和耐力素质测试和分析，分析结果为：1）按照优良中下差等级划分标准，曲线跑为9.05s以下、9.06~9.40s、9.41~10.20s、10.21~10.70s、10.71s以上；四线往返跑为9.60s以下、9.61~9.90s、9.91~10.60s、10.61~10.90s、10.91s以上。YOYO间歇性耐力跑为3601m以上、3231~3600m、2201~3230m、1951~2200m、1950m以下；2）平均值方面，曲线跑为9.88±0.66s；四线往返跑为10.27±0.53s；YOYO间歇性耐力跑为2754.30±672.37m。得出以下结论：1）足球运动中，曲线跑和四线往返跑是反映专项灵敏的代表性指标，YOYO间歇性耐力跑是反映专项耐力的代表性指标。运用离差法可以客观准确的建立足球运动员专项灵敏和专项耐力评分表和评价等级标准。2）我国U17男子足球运动员的专项灵敏和耐力水平分布比较分散，其位置特征总体表现为专项灵敏素质：前锋>前卫>守门员>后卫；专项耐力素质：前卫>后卫 >前锋>守门员。  相似文献   

第64届美国运动医学会年会关于“运动益处的生物网络”研究热点与趋势     

何子红 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(8):40-47

摘要：概述美国运动医学第64th年会的主要内容和目标；归纳“机体对运动反应/适应的生物网络”研究的报告热点；介绍美国国立卫生院资助项目，“人类体力活动的分子传感器”的研究设计和组成。建立各取所长、分工合作的研发联盟是进行运动促进健康分子机制研究的必要途径；基于集合最新研究技术和分析方法，从宏观到微观再到宏观，从整体到局部再到整体的整合性系统实验设计是链接运动益处与其作用机制的桥梁。在未来，该领域的研究成果不仅仅是精准运动的实现、运动依存性的提高和对慢性病的辅助治疗，同时如果能够发现传递运动益处的分子，研发成产品，这必将会为人类健康产生深远影响。  相似文献   

茶多酚及耐力训练对高脂膳食大鼠心肌细胞结构和Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响     

罗艳蕊  梅涛  孙景权 《天津体育学院学报》2011,26(4):336-340

目的:观察茶多酚及耐力训练对高脂膳食大鼠心肌细胞结构及Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠64只,随机分为安静对照组(A)、安静高脂膳食组(B)、安静高脂膳食茶多酚低组(C)、安静高脂膳食茶多酚高组(D)、耐力训练对照组(E)、耐力训练高脂膳食组(F)、耐力训练高脂膳食茶多酚低组(G)、耐力训练高脂膳食茶多酚高组(H),每组8只。C、G组茶多酚灌胃剂量为150 mg/kg体重,D、H组剂量为300 mg/kg体重,其他组灌服同等体积的蒸馏水。耐力训练组每天游泳60 min,一周6天,训练6周。结果:B组大鼠心肌纤维粗糙,心肌间空白区域增多;C和D组心肌结构得到改善,心肌间空白面积减少;各耐力训练组大鼠心肌纤维致密。与A组比较,B组大鼠心肌细胞Bax表达显著提高,Bax/Bcl-2比值增大;C和D组Bax表达水平下降,Bax/Bcl-2比值减小;F组大鼠心肌细胞Bax/Bcl-2比值低于B组,G和H组大鼠心肌细胞Bax表达量恢复至A组水平,Bax/Bcl-2比值显著低于B组。结论:高脂膳食导致大鼠心肌正常形态丧失,心肌细胞凋亡增加,但这种心肌损伤可分别经茶多酚补充和耐力训练改善,且长时间耐力训练与茶多酚对高脂膳食导致的心脏损伤程度具有协同改善效应。  相似文献   

耐力训练对急性酒精性肝损伤线粒体自噬功能的影响及机制研究     

马国栋  刘艳环 《体育科学》2011,31(10):85-90

目的:研究耐力训练对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤肝脏线粒体自噬变化规律及其机制。方法:以SD大鼠建立急性酒精性肝损伤模型,以12周无负重游泳为运动手段,测定血清ALT和AST以及肝脏线粒体活性氧生成、线粒体MDA含量、线粒体顺乌头酸酶活性、线粒体膜电位、线粒体自噬蛋白BNIP3、NIX和HIF-1αmRNA表达以及HIF-1α蛋白表达。结果:急性酒精摄入导致血清ALT和AST显著升高以及肝脏线粒体活性氧生成显著升高,线粒体MDA含量显著升高,线粒体顺乌头酸酶活性显著降低,线粒体膜电位显著降低,线粒体自噬蛋白BNIP3、NIX和HIF-1αmRNA以及HIF-1α蛋白表达显著升高;耐力训练后急性酒精摄入使血清ALT和AST以及肝脏线粒体活性氧生成,线粒体MDA含量,线粒体顺乌头酸酶活性,线粒体膜电位,线粒体自噬蛋白BNIP3、NIX和HIF-1αmRNA以及HIF-1α蛋白表达均表现出与未耐力训练急性酒精摄入相同的变化规律,但变化幅度相对较小;注射HIF-1抑制剂YC-1无论是未耐力训练还是耐力训练大鼠再给予急性酒精摄入时BNIP3、NIX mRNA表达均显著低于未注射抑制剂组,而HIF-1αmRNA表达未见显著性差异,但HIF-1α蛋白表达显著降低。结论:急性酒精摄入引起肝脏线粒体自噬加强,其自噬与HIF-1表达增加有关,而耐力训练可能通过增强肝脏氧气供应能力,进而引起HIF-1表达降低,导致线粒体自噬功能减弱。  相似文献