The role of output speech in literacy acquisition: Evidence from congenital anarthria     

Cossu  Giuseppe 《Reading and writing》2003,16(1-2):99-122

A case study of literacy acquisition in acongenitally speechless child (SM) isreported. In spite of a complete oral apraxia(due to bilateral focal brain damage), SMdeveloped normal intelligence and acquired complete mastery of reading and writing skills.Furthermore, both his verbal memory andmetaphonological skills were surprisinglypreserved. However, he showed a relativeimpairment in writing non-words. Theimplications of these findings for thedevelopmental interactions between language andliteracy are discussed.  相似文献   

运动想象机制研究     

刘燕  穆振东 《科技广场》2011,(1):38-41

运动想象已被广泛地应用在BCI系统上。传统对脑电信号分析主要集中在特征提取和分类上,本文分别从左右想象脑电信号的频域、时域和脑地形图上进行分析,从而获取左右想象脑电信号的特征。  相似文献   

Relationship of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Interleukin-23, Testosterone and Disease Severity in Schizophrenia     

Priya Allimuthu  Hanumanthappa Nandeesha  Raghavi Chinniyappan  Balaji Bhardwaz  Jesudas Blessed raj 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(3):365

Hormonal imbalance, inflammation and alteration in synaptic plasticity are reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The objective of the study was to assess the serum levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its association with interleukin-23 (IL-23), testosterone and disease severity in schizophrenia. 40 cases and 40 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of BDNF, IL-23 and testosterone were estimated in all the subjects. Disease severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The study was designed in Tertiary care hospital, South India. The results were compared between two groups using Mann–Whitney U test. Spearman Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between biochemical parameters and PANSS. Interleukin-23 and testosterone were significantly increased and BDNF was significantly reduced in schizophrenia cases when compared with controls. BDNF was negatively correlated with IL-23 (r = − 400, p = 0.011), positive symptom subscale (r = − 0.393, p = 0.012), general psychopathology score subscale (r = − 407, p = 0.009) and total symptom subscale (r = − 404, p = 0.010). There was no significant association of IL-23 and testosterone with disease severity in schizophrenia cases. BDNF was reduced in schizophrenia cases and negatively associated with interleukin-23 and disease severity scores.  相似文献   

Classroom Learning Environment, Brain Research and The No Child Left Behind Initiative: 6?years Later     

Stephen Rushton  Anne Juola-Rushton 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,36(1):87-92

Six years have gone by since the passing of No Child Left Behind (2002) and due to the ‘high-stake’ riders attached to this legislation, educators at all levels have found themselves in a state of both emotional and cognitive dissonance. Recent research in the field of neuroscience combined with principles gained from constructivism support the importance of developing and implementing both a child-centered curriculum and a positive learning environment that is appropriate for young children. This paper addresses some of the difficulties that arise from the No Child Left Behind act and teaching from a constructivist model. Additionally, positive suggestions are provided for the early childhood educator in order to support current teaching philosophies despite the pressures of high-stakes testing.  相似文献   

可教性:教育的生理学透视     

唐智松 《邢台职业技术学院学报》2002,19(4):18-21

存在人类能对教育刺激发生“反映”的可教性这个必要而充分的物质基础，才存在社会学角度的必教性、教育学角度的如何教等教育实践问题。人类的可教性广泛存在于基于基因所支配的脑、喉腔、四肢等形态结构与生理功能之中。人类的可教性奠定了人性及其通过促进人性完善的基础。人类可教性有其顺序性、阶段性、差异性等特征，而这些特征规定着教育实践活动的方方面面。  相似文献   

丹参联合胞二磷胆碱治疗大鼠脑挫伤的机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何丁  张林西 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2006,23(5):16-18

目的：探讨丹参与胞二磷胆碱联合应用治疗脑损伤的机制。方法：取成年wistar大鼠，以自由落体法致大鼠脑挫裂伤．采用721分光光度计检测伤后24h、7d和14d时．治疗组与对照组脑组织中SOD、MDA、GSH—PX和Ca^2＋含量。结果：治疗组SOD和GSH—PX活性提高．而且与模型组及对照组比较．SOD有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。治疗组脑组织Ca^2＋含量明显降低。结论：丹参在治疗脑损伤时，可以提高SOD活性，拮抗自由基和钙离子超载对脑的损伤。  相似文献   

From ‘brain drain’ to ‘brain bridging’: transnational higher education development and graduate employment in China     

Ka Ho Mok  Xiao Han 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(3):369-389

ABSTRACT

In the past few decades, the internationalisation of higher education has become an increasingly popular trend across different parts of the globe. The fierce global competition and the aggravating unemployment rate, coupled with low teaching and research quality revealed by universities in mainland China, have inevitably compelled a growing number of Chinese students, in particular the financially-able ones, to pursue higher education overseas or to enrol in transnational higher education offered in mainland China. Realising the severe problem of ‘brain drain’ and having a strong conviction to transform its higher education system to become more international for enhancing the global competitiveness of its higher education system, the Chinese government has made different attempts to enhance higher education quality by learning and incorporating new ideas and practices from overseas institutions, particularly encouraging the development of transnational higher education to change the higher education landscape. With particular reference to examining the way these students evaluate their future prospects in choosing different alternatives for further studies in higher education, this study sets out against the context briefly outlined above to critically analyse the motivation of students who choose to study abroad or enrol in Sino-foreign cooperation universities. This study also discusses the extent to which the internationalisation of higher education would affect the situations of ‘brain drain’ and graduate employment in China.  相似文献   

Basic fibroblast growth factor alleviates brain injury following global ischemia reperfusion in rabbits   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Zhang M  Ma YF  Gan JX  Jiang GY  Xu SX  Tao XL  Hong A  Li JK 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(7):637-643

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain injury following global ischemia reperfusion and its mechanisms. Brain injury following global ischemia was induced by four vessels occlusion and systemic hypotension. Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into three groups: group A, only dissection of vessels; group B, intravenous infusion of normal saline after reperfusion for 6 h; group C, 30 μg/kg bFGF injected intravenously at the onset of reperfusion, then infused with 10 μg/(kg·h) for 6 h. Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100B, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured before ischemia, 30 min after ischemia, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 h after reperfusion. Brain water content was determined and cerebral histopathological damages were compared. NSE and S-100B were increased 1 h after reperfusion and reached their peaks 6 h after reperfusion, but were much higher in group B than those in group C 3, 6 h after reperfusion. In groups B and C, TNF-a was increased after ischemia and IL-1 and IL-8 were increased significantly 0.5 h after reperfusion, then reached their peaks 6 h, 3 h, 6 h after reperfusion respectively. TNF-a and IL-8 at the time points of 1 h and 3 h and IL-1 at 3 h and 6 h in group C were correspondingly lower than those in group B. These indices in group A were nearly unchanged. There were less severe cerebral histopathological damages in group C compared with group B, but no difference in brain water content. It could be concluded that bFGF alleviates brain injury following global ischemia and reperfusion by down-regulating expression of inflammatory factors and inhibiting their activities.  相似文献   

    

Thyagaraju K.  Hemavathi B.  Vasundhara K.  Rao A. D.  Devi K. N. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):759-769

A comparative study was made on the tissue specific expression of glutathione transferases (GST) in brain and testis after exposure of rat to phenobarbitol (PB) and β-methylcholanthrene (MC). Glutathione transferases, a family of multifunctional proteins are involved in intracellular transport processes and in detoxication of electrophilic xenobiotics by catalyzing reactions such as conjugation, isomerization, reduction and thiolysis. On purification, the yield of GST proteins by affinity chromatography was 39% in testis and 32% in brain. The affinity purified testis GSTs were resolved by chromatofocusing into six anionic and four cationic isozymes, and in brain glutathione transferases were resolved into four anionic and three cationic isozymes, suggesting the presence of multiple isozymes with Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ in both of them. In testis and brain, these isozymes at identical pI values showed variable functions with a battery of substrates and the cationic isozymes of brain and testis showed identical properties in CHP (cumene hydroperoxide) at pH values of above 7.0. Substrate specificity studies and immunoblot analysis of testis and brain proteins revealed that they play a predominant role in the detoxication of phenobarbitol or β-methylcholanthrene. Expression of the isozymes in testis and brain on exposure to PB and MC indicated elevated subunit variation. In both testis and brain, Yδ of π class was expressed on PB treatment and Yc of α class and Yβ of μ class was expressed in MC treated testis and only Yc was predominantly expressed in MC treated brain. Thus these subunits expression is considered as markers for carcinogenesis and specific to chemical toxicity under phenobarbitol and β-methylcholanthrene stress. Project supported by Department of Science and Technology and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi  相似文献   

葛梯尔反例与实践确证的知识论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫景强 《喀什师范学院学报》2007,28(4):26-31

葛梯尔反例吹响了挑战知识的传统三元定义(JTB)的号角。现有的方案虽然提出了一些有意义的观点,但都未能完满解决葛梯尔问题。实践确证的知识论把"实践"纳入知识根据的范围,区分了主观根据与客观根据,厘清了信念与知识的根本区别,合理地回答了葛梯尔反例引发的一系列重大问题,为进一步研究认知逻辑打下了基础。  相似文献