Enacting silence: Residual categories as a challenge for ethics,information systems,and communication     

Susan Leigh Star  Geoffrey C. Bowker 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(4):273-280

Residual categories are those which cannot be formally represented within a given classification system. We examine the forms that residuality takes within our information systems today, and explore some silences which form around those inhabiting particular residual categories. We argue that there is significant ethical and political work to be done in exploring residuality.  相似文献   

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity in alcoholics with liver abscess and chronic alcoholics     

G. Rajagopal  K. M. Mohammed Rafi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):198-199

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT) is a microsomal enzyme. Its activity in serum is assayed in alcoholics with liver abscess and alcoholics without liver abscess after screening by ultrasonography. The enzyme activity in serum is increased by 334% in the patients with liver abscess compared to normal control subjects (p<0.0001), and 172% when compared to patients with chronic alcoholism without liver abscess (p<0.0001). The enzyme activity was increased by 59.3% in the serum of patients without liver abscess compared to the normal control subjects (p<0.001). Measurement of γ-GT in serum appears to be a sensitive index in the diagnosis of alcoholics with liver abscess.  相似文献   

伦理型领导、组织认同与员工亲组织非伦理行为:特质调节焦点的调节作用     

李根强 《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(12):125-135

亲组织非伦理行为(unethical pro-organizational behavior,UPB)对企业声誉和社会利益造成严重危害,设法防止UPB的发生显得尤为迫切。基于组织认同理论和调节焦点理论,通过对489名企业员工进行问卷调查,研究伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响机制,包括这一机制中组织认同的中介作用和特质调节焦点的调节作用,以制定相应的防范策略。结果发现:伦理型领导与UPB呈倒U型关系;组织认同在伦理型领导和UPB的关系间起中介作用;特质调节焦点调节了伦理型领导与UPB之间的倒U型关系。  相似文献   

慢加急性肝衰竭不同转归患者体温变化特点及护理对策     

陈勇妮  王丹菊  潘红霞 《大众科技》2016,(7)

目的:明确慢加急性肝衰竭不同转归患者体温变化特点,并制定相应的护理对策。方法:收集11例慢加急性肝衰竭患者,死亡患者5例,出院患者6例,采用重复测量方差分析比较不同转归患者体温随住院时间的特点。结果:在住院第8天左右,死亡组患者体温升高,与出院患者比较差异有统计学意义(F=17.451,P0.05)。护理对策:要进一步提高护理级别,加强基础护理,严格执行无菌操作,将陪护人员作为预防感染宣教对象。  相似文献   

Compensatory changes in physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis     

Kelly A. Mackintosh  Nicola D. Ridgers  Melitta A. McNarry 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1506-1511

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatment strategies, yet little is known as to whether activity compensation occurs. This study examined whether PA and/or sedentary time on one day were temporally associated with time spent in these intensities the following day in youth with CF. Time spent sedentary and in different PA intensities were objectively-measured for seven consecutive days in 50 youth (22 boys; 12.0 ± 2.7 years); 25 with mild-to-moderate CF and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. Multilevel analyses (day and child) were conducted using generalised linear latent and mixed models. On any given day, every additional 10 minutes spent in sedentary time or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with 1.9 (95%CI: ?3.6 to ?1.2) and 12.4 (95%CI: ?22.1 to ?2.9) minutes less sedentary time the following day, respectively. These temporal associations were also observed when split by group (3.1 vs. 1.9 minutes for healthy and CF, respectively). These findings indicate that youth do not compensate their PA, irrespective of disease status, between days, but may compensate their sedentary time between days. Experimental studies are warranted to fully elucidate whether compensatory responses to PA and sedentary time occur, which is fundamental for informing PA promotion strategies.  相似文献   

有氧运动对慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性的影响     

戈含笑  魏宏文  张有志  高颀  薛瑞  陈红霞 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(5):39-45

摘要：目的：以神经元和神经胶质细胞相关神经生物学变化为切入点，探讨有氧运动对慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性的影响。方法：以SD大鼠为研究对象，按照体重均衡分为对照组（CON）、慢性应激模型组（MOD）、氟西汀组（FLU）、低强度运动组（LIR）和中等强度运动组（MIR）。给予大鼠4周慢性应激，并分别伴随氟西汀给药、低强度或者中等强度的运动干预。4周后，通过开场实验、蔗糖饮水实验、新奇抑制摄食实验以及新物体识别实验检测运动对慢性应激大鼠抑郁样行为、焦虑样行为以及认知障碍的影响；同时，利用酶联免疫法和蛋白免疫印迹法，检测运动对慢性应激大鼠血清皮质酮、海马内前炎因子IL1-β，以及蛋白GFAP、S100β、BDNF、p-ERK、p-CREB表达的影响，探讨运动抗抑郁的行为学效应和作用机制。结果：1）低强度和中等强度运动能够显著增加慢性应激大鼠的开场活动、缩短新奇抑制摄食潜伏期，同时提高慢性应激大鼠新物体的识别指数；2）运动有效逆转了慢性应激大鼠血清皮质酮的异常升高，同时降低海马内前炎性因子IL1-β的分泌；3）运动可显著星形胶质细胞的标志性功能蛋白GFAP和S100β的表达水平，增强慢性应激大鼠的BDNF/ERK/CREB信号转导通路中重要蛋白BDNF、p-ERK、p-CREB的表达。结论：运动可以通过提高慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性来达到抗抑郁的目的。可能与以下因素有关：1）运动调节血清皮质酮的异常升高，降低海马内前炎性因子的释放，同时，提高与神经胶质细胞相关蛋白GFAP和S100β活性，从而起到神经元保护的作用；2）运动可以通过激活CREB，BDNF以及ERK等重要信号蛋白的表达，提高神经营养作用，促进神经元的生长，增加神经可塑性和神经发生来发挥抗抑郁作用。  相似文献   

Resting MAPK expression in chronically trained endurance runners     

Justin X. Nicoll  Andrew J. Galpin  Donald B. Thomason  Christopher A. Moore 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1194-1202

Purpose: There is a paucity of research investigating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in chronically trained (CT) athletes. Thus, it is unclear how MAPK may contribute to performance and muscle adaptation in CT subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine MAPK total protein, and phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-MAPK (p38) between untrained, and chronically trained runners. Methods: Tissue samples were analysed from sedentary (SED; n?=?5) controls and chronically trained runners (CT; n?=?5). Resting muscle biopsy samples were analysed for total-MAPK – and ratio of phosphorylated/total (p-MAPK) – ERK1/2, JNK, and p38-MAPK via western blotting. Mann–Whitney U tests and effect sizes were utilized to determine differences in total MAPK protein content and phosphorylation status between SED and CT subjects. Results: There was no difference in total-MAPK expression between SED and CT (p?>?.05). p-p38-MAPK tended to be greater for CT compared to SED (p?=?.07). There were moderate effect sizes of decreased pERK/total-ERK (d?=??0.69) and increased pJNK/total-JNK (d?=?0.54) in CT compared to SED. There was a positive correlation between p-p38-MAPK/total-MAPK and the percentage of type I fibres (r?=?0.73, p?=?.016). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, chronic endurance training does not greatly influence total MAPK protein expression in chronically trained runners. However, resting phosphorylation of p38-MAPK may contribute to enhanced oxidative metabolism at chronically trained levels. These alterations are likely involved in the different physiological adaptations that occur following long-term training or at highly competitive levels.  相似文献   

慢性疲劳综合症的神经内分泌免疫研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐建芬 《浙江教育学院学报》2007,(2):59-61,72

慢性疲劳综合症是现代医学新认识的疾病,发病机制复杂.最近研究发现,细胞免疫功能和细胞因子表达的异常、内分泌功能的紊乱以及神经系统功能的异常可能参与该病的病理机制,因此神经内分泌免疫系统的失调是引发慢性疲劳综合症的重要因素.  相似文献   

社区卫生服务中心慢性病防治模式的探讨     

陈永  叶选怡  黄玉萍  叶丽云 《丽水学院学报》2005,27(2):125-128

为了探索慢性病防治模式,通过向居民及慢性病患者提供以健康教育、慢性病筛查和慢性病系统管理为主要内容的社区卫生服务,观察慢性病防治状况,结果显示:明显改变了居民不良生活方式,提高了慢性病控制率,同时降低了医疗费用的支出。因此,认为开展社区卫生服务,建立慢性病防治模式,是改变现有慢性病防治工作滞后的有效途径。  相似文献   

《沉疴》读解——兼论其实践价值     

王世意 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2001,(1)

一部《沉疴》在字里行间时时溢出的是一种对自己生长于其中的民族和祖国的深沉、凝重而挚烈的爱 ,是一个有良知的中国知识分子对教育弊端的思索与批判。本文是对《沉疴》一书的读解、感悟及其实践价值的探讨。  相似文献